The princess who rewrote history - Leonora Neville

1,569,907 views ・ 2018-10-22

TED-Ed


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Prevodilac: Katarina Čolić Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:07
Alexios Komnenos,
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Aleksije Komnin,
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Byzantine emperor,
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vizantijski car,
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led his army to meet the Scythian hordes
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predvodio je svoju vojsku u bici
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in battle.
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sa skitskom hordom.
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For good luck,
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Kao amajliju
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he carried one of the holiest relics
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nosio je jednu od najsvetijih relikvija
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in Christendom:
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u hrišćanstvu:
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the veil that had belonged
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veo koji je pripadao
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to the Virgin Mary.
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Bogorodici.
00:21
Unfortunately, it didn’t help.
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Nažalost, nije bio od pomoći.
00:24
Not only was his army defeated,
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Ne samo da je njegova vojska poražena,
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but as they fled,
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već je i tokom bega
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the Emperor was stabbed in the buttocks.
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car zadobio ubod u zadnjicu.
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To make matters worse, a strong wind
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Da situacija bude još gora, od vetra je relikvija
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made the relic too heavy to carry,
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postala teška za nošenje,
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so he stashed it in some bushes
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stoga ju je sakrio u neko žbunje
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as he escaped.
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dok je bežao.
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But even as he fled,
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Međutim, čak i u begu
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he managed to slay some Scythians
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uspeo je da ubije par Skita
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and rescue a few comrades.
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i spasi nekoliko drugova po oružju.
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At least, this is how Alexios' daughter
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Na kraju krajeva, ovako je Aleksijeva
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Anna recounted the story,
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ćerka Ana prepričala priču
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writing nearly 60 years later.
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nakon skoro 60 godina.
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She spent the last decade of her long life
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Provela je poslednju deceniju svog dugog života
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creating a 500-page history
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u spravljanju 500 strana duge istorije o vladavini
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of her father’s reign called The Alexiad.
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njenog oca, pod imenom "Aleksijada".
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Written in Greek, the book was modeled
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Napisana na grčkom jeziku,
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after ancient Greek epics
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knjiga je rađena po modelu
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and historical writings.
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na grčke epove i istorijske spise.
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But Anna had a different, trickier task
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Međutim, Ana je imala drugačiji, složeniji zadatak
01:07
than the writers in these traditions:
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u odnosu na ove pisce:
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as a princess writing
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kao princeza koja piše
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about her own family,
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o sopstvenoj porodici,
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she had to balance her loyalty to her kin
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morala je da pronađe sredinu između lojalnosti prema
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with her obligation
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bližnjem svom i obaveze
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to portray events accurately,
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da događaje prikaže precizno,
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navigating issues like Alexios’s
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i obrati posebnu pažnju na delikatne teme
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embarrassing stab to the buttocks.
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poput Aleksijeve rane na zadnjici.
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A lifetime of study and participation
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Čitav život učenja i učestvovanja
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in her father’s government
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u vladavini njenog oca
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prepared Anna for this undertaking.
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pripremio je Anu za ovaj poduhvat.
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Anna was born in 1083,
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Ana je rođena 1083. godine,
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shortly after her father seized control
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ubrzo nakon što je njen otac
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of the Roman Empire
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zavladao Rimskim carstvom
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following a decade of brutal civil wars
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posle čega je usledila decenija surovih
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and revolts.
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građanskih ratova i pobuna.
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The empire was deep in decline
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Carstvo je uveliko propadalo
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when he came to power,
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kada je on stupio na vlast,
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and threatened from all sides:
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a pretnje su stizale sa svih strana:
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by the Seljuk Turks in the East,
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od turskih Seldžuka sa istoka;
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the Normans in the West,
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Normana sa zapada;
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and Scythian raiders to the north.
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i skitskih napadača sa severa.
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Over the course of Anna’s childhood
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Tokom Aninog detinjstva
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and adolescence,
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i odrastanja
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Alexios fought constant military campaigns
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Aleksije je vodio neprestane borbe
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to secure the frontiers of his empire,
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da sačuva granice svog carstva,
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even striking up an uneasy alliance
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a čak je oformio ne tako ugodan savez
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with the Crusaders.
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sa krstašima.
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Meanwhile in Constantinople,
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U međuvremenu je u Carigradu
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Anna fought her own battle.
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Ana vodila svoje bitke.
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She was expected to study subjects
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Od nje se očekivalo da uči predmete
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considered proper
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prikladne za jednu vizantijsku princezu,
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for a Byzantine princess,
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like courtly etiquette and the Bible,
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poput pravila ponašanja na dvoru i Biblije,
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but preferred classical myth
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ali je ona više volela klasični mit
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and philosophy.
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i filozofiju.
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To access this material, she had to learn
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Da bi mogla da proučava taj materijal,
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to read and speak Ancient Greek,
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morala je da nauči da čita i piše starogrčki
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by studying secretly at night.
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i to krišom, noću.
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Eventually her parents realized
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Roditelji su na kraju shvatili
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how serious she was,
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koliko je ozbiljna
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and provided her with tutors.
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i obezbedili joj tutore.
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Anna expanded her studies
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Ana je proširila svoje učenje
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to classical literature, rhetoric,
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na klasičnu književnost, retoriku,
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history, philosophy, mathematics,
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istoriju, filozofiju, matematiku,
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astronomy, and medicine.
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astronomiju i medicinu.
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One scholar even complained
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Jedan učenjak se čak i požalio
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that her constant requests
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da njena neprestana žeđ
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for more Aristotle commentaries
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za tumačenjima Aristotela
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were wearing out his eyes.
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umara njegove oči.
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At age fifteen,
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Sa petnaest godina
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Anna married Nikephoros Bryennios
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Ana se udala za Nićifora Vrijenija
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to quell old conflicts
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kako bi izmirila
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between their families
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dve zavađene porodice
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and strengthen Alexios’s reign.
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i ojačala Aleksijevo carstvo.
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Fortunately, Anna and Nikephoros ended up
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Srećom, Ana i Nićifor su delili
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sharing many intellectual interests,
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mnoga intelektualna interesovanja,
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hosting and debating
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gostili i ulazili u debate
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the leading scholars of the day.
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sa najznačajnijim učenim ljudima tog doba.
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Meanwhile, Alexios’s military excursions
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U međuvremenu su Aleksijevi vojni poduhvati
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began to pay off,
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počeli da urađaju plodom,
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restoring many of the empire’s
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čime se povratio veliki deo
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former territories.
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nekadašnjih teritorija carstva.
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As her father aged,
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Kako je njen otac stario,
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Anna and her husband helped her parents
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Ana i njen suprug pomagali su njenim roditeljima
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with their imperial duties.
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u obavljanju kraljevskih dužnosti.
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During this time,
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Za to vreme
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Anna reportedly advocated for
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Ana se navodno zalagala
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just treatment of the people
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za pravedno postupanje prema ljudima
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in their disputes with the government.
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u raspravama sa vladajućim poretkom.
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After Alexios’s death,
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Nakon Aleksijeve smrti
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Anna’s brother John ascended to the throne
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Anin brat Džon je preuzeo presto,
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and Anna turned back
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a Ana se vratila
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to philosophy and scholarship.
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filozofiji i učenju knjiga.
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Her husband had written a history
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Njen suprug je napisao povest
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arguing that his grandfather
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u kojoj ističe da bi njegov deda
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would have made a better emperor
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bio daleko bolji vladar
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than Alexios,
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od Aleksija,
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but Anna disagreed.
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ali se Ana nije složila.
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She began working on the Alexiad,
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Počela je da piše Aleksijadu
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which made the case for her father's
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gde je opisala očeve zasluge kao cara.
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merits as emperor.
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03:47
Spanning the late 11th and early 12th
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Aleksijada, koja obuhvata periode kasnog 11.
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centuries of Byzantine history,
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i ranog 12. veka vizantijskog carstva,
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the Alexiad recounts
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opisuje
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the tumultuous events of Alexios’s reign,
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turbulentne događaje za vreme Aleksijeve vladavine
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and Anna’s own reactions to those events,
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i Anine reakcije na te događaje,
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like bursting into tears at the thought
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poput plakanja pri pomisli
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of the deaths of her parents and husband.
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na smrt roditelja i supruga.
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She may have included these emotional passages
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Možda je napisala ove emotivne rečenice
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in hopes that they would make her writing
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u nadi da približi svoje delo
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more palatable to a society
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društvu koje je verovalo
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that believed women shouldn't
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da žene ne bi trebalo da pišu
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write about battles and empires.
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o bitkama i carstvima.
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While her loyalty to her father
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Premda je njena lojalnost ocu
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was evident in her favorable account
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očigledna u ovom spisu
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of his reign, she also included criticism
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o njegovoj vladavini, dala je i dozu kritike,
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and her opinions of events.
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kao i svoja mišljenja o tim dešavanjima.
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In the centuries after her death,
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Vekovima nakon njene smrti,
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Anna’s Alexiad was copied over and over,
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Anina Aleksijada je kopirana bezbroj puta
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and remains an invaluable
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i do danas ostaje
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eyewitness account
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neprocenjivo svedočanstvo
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of Alexios’s reign today.
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Aleksijeve vladavine.
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And through her epic historical narrative,
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I tako je, kroz ovo epsko, narativno, istorijsko delo,
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Anna Komnene secured
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Ana Komnina sačuvala
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her own place in history.
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svoje mesto u istoriji.
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