A guide to the energy of the Earth - Joshua M. Sneideman

Vodič o Zemljinoj energiji - Džošua M. Snajdeman (Joshua M. Sneideman)

1,209,072 views

2014-06-30 ・ TED-Ed


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A guide to the energy of the Earth - Joshua M. Sneideman

Vodič o Zemljinoj energiji - Džošua M. Snajdeman (Joshua M. Sneideman)

1,209,072 views ・ 2014-06-30

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Jelena Matovic Lektor: Mile Živković
00:07
Energy is all around us,
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Energija je svuda oko nas,
00:09
a physical quantity that follows precise natural laws.
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prirodna veličina koja sledi precizne zakone prirode.
00:14
Our universe has a finite amount of it;
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Naš univerzum ima ograničenu količinu energije,
00:16
it's neither created nor destroyed
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nije ni stvorena niti uništiva,
00:18
but can take different forms,
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ali može imati različite oblike,
00:20
such as kinetic or potential energy,
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kao što je kinetička ili potencijalna energija,
00:22
with different properties and formulas to remember.
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sa različitim osobinama i formulama koje treba zapamtiti.
00:25
For instance,
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Na primer,
00:27
an LED desk lamp's 6 Watt bulb
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LED stona lampa od 6 vati
00:29
transfers 6 Joules of light energy per second.
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jednaka je 6 džula svetlosne energije u sekundi.
00:33
But let's jump back up into space
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Ali, hajde da skočimo u svemir
00:35
to look at our planet, its systems, and their energy flow.
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da pogledamo našu planetu, njen sistem, i njihov tok energije.
00:39
Earth's physical systems include
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Prirodni sistemi zemlje uključuju
00:41
the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
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atmosferu,
hidrosferu,
00:44
lithosphere, and biosphere.
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litosferu
i biosferu.
00:46
Energy moves in and out of these systems,
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Energija se kreće unutar i van ovih sistema,
00:49
and during any energy transfer between them,
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i tokom prenosa energije između njih
00:52
some is lost to the surroundings,
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deo energije se gubi u okolini,
00:54
as heat, light, sound,
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kao što su toplota, svetlost, zvuk, vibracije ili kretanje.
00:57
vibration, or movement.
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00:59
Our planet's energy comes from internal and external sources.
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Energija naše planete dolazi
iz internih i eksternih izvora,
01:03
Geothermal energy from radioactive isotopes
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geotermalna energija iz radioaktivnih izotopa
01:06
and rotational energy from the spinning of the Earth
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i rotaciona energija iz obrtanja Zemlje
01:09
are internal sources of energy,
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su interni izvori energije,
01:11
while the Sun is the major external source,
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dok je Sunce glavni eksterni izvor
01:14
driving certain systems, like our weather and climate.
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koji pokreće određene sisteme
kao što su naše vreme i klima.
01:18
Sunlight warms the surface and atmosphere in varying amounts,
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Sunčeva svetlost greje površinu i atmosferu
u različitim količinama,
01:21
and this causes convection,
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i to izaziva konvekciju,
01:23
producing winds and influencing ocean currents.
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stvarajući vetrove i utičući na okeanske struje.
Infracrveno zračenje,
01:27
Infrared radiation, radiating out from the warmed surface of the Earth,
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koje zrači iz zagrejane Zemljine površine,
01:31
gets trapped by greenhouse gases and further affects the energy flow.
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biva zarobljeno od strane gasova staklene bašte
i dalje utiče na tok energije.
01:36
The Sun is also the major source of energy for organisms.
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Sunce je takođe glavni izvor energije
za organizme.
01:40
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
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Biljke, alge i cijanobakterije
01:42
use sunlight to produce organic matter
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koriste sunčevu svetlost za proizvodnju organske materije
01:45
from carbon dioxide and water,
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iz ugljen-dioksida i vode,
01:48
powering the biosphere's food chains.
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pokrećući lanac ishrane u biosferi.
01:50
We release this food energy using chemical reactions,
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Mi oslobađamo energiju hrane
pomoću hemijskih reakcija,
01:54
like combustion and respiration.
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kao što su sagorevanje i disanje.
01:56
At each level in a food chain, some energy is stored
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Na svakom nivou lanca ishrane
se skladišti neka energija
02:00
in newly made chemical structures,
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u novostvorenim hemijskim strukturama
02:02
but most is lost to the surroundings,
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ali većina energije je izgubljena u okruženju
02:04
as heat, like your body heat,
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kao toplota, kao i vaša telesna toplota
02:06
released by your digestion of food.
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oslobođena varenjem hrane.
02:09
Now, as plants are eaten by primary consumers,
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Kako primarni potrošači jedu biljke,
02:12
only about 10% of their total energy is passed on to the next level.
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samo je oko 10% njihove energije
preneto na sledeći nivo.
02:17
Since energy can only flow in one direction in a food chain,
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Pošto energija može teći samo u jednom smeru
u lancu ishrane,
02:21
from producers on to consumers and decomposers,
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od proizvođača ka potrošačima i razlagačima,
02:24
an organism that eats lower on the food chain,
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organizam koji jede niže od sebe u lancu ishrane
02:26
is more efficient than one higher up.
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je efikasniji od onog koji je viši u lancu ishrane.
02:29
So eating producers is the most efficient level
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Dakle, jedenje proizvođača je najefektivniji nivo
02:32
at which an animal can get its energy,
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na kojem životinja može da dobije energiju,
02:34
but without continual input of energy to those producers,
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ali bez stalnog unosa energije
onim proizvođačima,
02:38
mostly from sunlight,
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uglavnom iz sunčeve svetlosti,
02:40
life on Earth as we know it would cease to exist.
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život na Zemlji kakav mi poznajemo
prestao bi da postoji.
02:43
We humans, of course, spend our energy doing a lot of things besides eating.
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Mi ljudi naravno trošimo našu energiju
pored ishrane i na brojne druge stvari.
02:47
We travel, we build, we power all sorts of technology.
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Mi putujemo, gradimo, pokrećemo sve vrste tehnologije.
02:51
To do all this,
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Da bismo uradili sve ovo,
02:53
we use sources like fossil fuels:
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koristimo izvore poput fosilnih goriva:
02:54
coal, oil, and natural gas,
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ugalj, naftu i prirodni gas,
02:57
which contain energy
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koji sadrže energiju koju su biljke
02:59
that plants captured from sunlight long ago
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uhvatile iz sunčeve svetlosti
odavno,
03:02
and stored in the form of carbon.
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i uskladištile je u obliku ugljenika.
03:04
When we burn fossil fuels in power plants,
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Kada sagorevamo fosilna goriva u termoelektranama,
03:07
we release this stored energy
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mi oslobađamo tu uskladištenu energiju
03:09
to generate electricity.
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za proizvodnju struje.
03:11
To generate electricity,
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Za proizvodnju električne energije,
03:13
heat from burning fossil fuels is used to power turbines
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toplota od sagorevanja fosilnih goriva
se koristi za napajanje turbina
03:16
that rotate magnets,
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koje rotiraju magnete,
03:18
which, in turn, create magnetic field changes
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koji zauzvrat stvaraju promene magnetnog polja
03:21
relative to a coil of wire,
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povezanog sa kalemom provodnika,
03:23
causing electrons to be induced to flow in the wire.
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zbog čega se elektroni indukuju u tok provodnika.
03:27
Modern civilization depends on our ability
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Moderna civilizacija zavisi od naše spospbnosti
03:30
to keep powering that flow of electrons.
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da napajamo taj tok elektrona.
03:33
Fortunately, we aren't limited to burning non-renewable fossil fuels
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Srećom, nismo ograničeni
na sagorevanje neobnovljivih fosilnih goriva
03:37
to generate electricity.
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da bismo proizveli struju.
03:39
Electrons can also be induced to flow
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Elektroni se takođe mogu indukovati da teku
03:41
by direct interaction with light particles,
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direktnom interakcijom sa svetlosnim česticama,
03:44
which is how a solar cell operates.
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a ovako funkcionišu solarne ćelije.
Ostali obnovljivi izvori energije,
03:47
Other renewable energy sources,
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03:49
such as wind, water,
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kao što su vetar, voda, geotermalna i biogoriva
03:51
geothermal, and biofuels
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03:53
can also be used to generate electricity.
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se takođe mogu iskoristiti za proizvodnju eletrične energije.
Globalna potražnja za energijom je u porastu,
03:57
Global demand for energy is increasing,
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03:59
but the planet has limited energy resources
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ali planeta ima ograničene izvore energije
04:02
to access through a complex energy infrastructure.
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na raspolaganju kroz složenu energetsku infrastrukturu.
04:05
As populations rise,
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Kako populacija raste,
04:07
alongside rates of industrialization and development,
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zajedno sa stopama industrijalizacije i razvoja,
04:10
our energy decisions grow more and more important.
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naše energetske odluke postaju sve važnije.
04:13
Access to energy impacts health, education,
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Raspolaganje energijom
utiče na zdravstvo, obrazovanje, političku moć i socio-ekonomski status.
04:16
political power, and socioeconomic status.
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04:19
If we improve our energy efficiency,
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Ako poboljšamo našu energetsku efikasnost,
04:22
we can use our natural resources more responsibly
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možemo odgovornije koristiti prirodne resurse
04:25
and improve quality of life for everyone.
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i poboljšati kvalitet života za sve.
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