The historic women’s suffrage march on Washington - Michelle Mehrtens

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

On March 3, 1913,

Dana 3. marta 1913. godine,

protesters parted for the woman in white:

demonstranti su napravili mesta za ženu u belom.

dressed in a flowing cape and sitting astride a white horse,

U dugačkom plaštu i na belom konju,

the activist Inez Milholland was hard to miss.

aktivistkinju Inez Milholand bilo je teško ne primetiti.

She was riding at the helm of the Women’s Suffrage Parade-

Jahala je na čelu parade sifražetkinja -

the first mass protest for a woman’s right to vote on a national scale.

prvog masovnog protesta za pravo glasa žena na nacionalnom nivou.

After months of strategic planning and controversy,

Nakon nekoliko meseci strateškog planiranja i kontroverzi,

thousands of women gathered in Washington D.C.

hiljade žena se okupilo u Vašingtonu.

Here, they called for a constitutional amendment granting them the right to vote.

Tu su tražile amandman u ustavu koji bi im priznao pravo glasa.

By 1913, women’s rights activists had been campaigning for decades.

Sve do 1913. su pobornici prava žena decenijama vodili kampanju.

As a disenfranchised group,

Kao obespravljena grupa,

women had no voice in the laws that affected their– or anyone else’s– lives.

žene nisu imale nikakvog udela u zakonima od uticaja na njihov život

niti život bilo koga drugog.

However, they were struggling to secure broader support for political equality.

Međutim, borile su se da obezbede širu podršku političkoj jednakosti.

They’d achieved no major victories since 1896,

Nisu postigle veće pobede još od 1896. godine,

when Utah and Idaho enfranchised women.

kada su u Juti i ​​Ajdahu ženama dali pravo glasa.

That brought the total number of states which recognized a women’s right to vote

Time se ukupan broj država koje su priznale pravo žena da glasaju

to four.

popeo na četiri.

A new, media-savvy spirit arrived in the form of Alice Paul.

Novi duh koji je imao osećaj za medije došao je u obliku Alise Pol.

She was inspired by the British suffragettes,

Bila je inspirisana britanskim sifražetkinjama

who went on hunger strikes and endured imprisonment in the early 1900s.

koje su štrajkovale glađu i izdržale zatvorsku kaznu početkom 1900-ih.

Rather than conduct costly campaigns on a state-by-state basis,

Umesto da vodi skupe kampanje od države do države,

Paul sought the long-lasting impact of a constitutional amendment,

Pol je zahtevala dugotrajan uticaj ustavnog amandmana,

which would protect women’s voting rights nationwide.

koji bi štitio prava glasa žena širom zemlje.

As a member of the National American Women Suffrage Association,

Kao član Nacionalnog američkog udruženja sifražetkinja,

Paul proposed a massive pageant to whip up support and rejuvenate the movement.

Pol je predložila masovnu povorku

radi prikupljanja podrške i podmlađivanja pokreta.

Washington authorities initially rejected her plan-

Vlasti u Vašingtonu su najpre odbacile njen plan

and then tried to relegate the march to side streets.

i zatim pokušale da potisnu marš u sporedne ulice.

But Paul got those decisions overturned

Ali Pol je uspela u tome da se te odluke ponište

and confirmed a parade for the day before the presidential inauguration

i potvrdila datum parade dan pre predsedničke inauguracije

of Woodrow Wilson.

Vudroa Vilsona.

This would maximize media coverage

To bi postiglo maksimalnu pokrivenost u medijima

and grab the attention of the crowds who would be in town.

i privuklo pažnju publike koja bi bila u gradu.

However, in planning the parade,

Međutim, pri planiranju parade,

Paul mainly focused on appealing to white women from all backgrounds,

Pol se uglavnom fokusirala na privlačenje belih žena iz svih sredina,

including those who were racist.

uključujući one koje su bile rasiste.

She actively discouraged African American activists

Aktivno je odvraćala afroameričke aktivistkinje

and organizations from participating-

i organizacije od učestvovanja

and stated that those who did so should march in the back.

i istakla da one koje ipak dođu treba da marširaju na začelju.

But black women would not be made invisible in a national movement

Ali crnkinje nisu dozvolile da budu nevidljive u nacionalnom pokretu

they helped shape.

kojem su pomogle da se razvije.

On the day of the march,

Na dan marša,

Ida B. Wells-Barnett,

Ajda B. Vels-Barnet,

a ground-breaking investigative journalist and anti-lynching advocate,

revolucionarna istraživačka novinarka i zagovornik protiv linča,

refused to move to the back and proudly marched under the Illinois banner.

odbila je da pređe pozadi i sa ponosom je marširala pod zastavom Ilinoisa.

The co-founder of the NAACP, Mary Church Terrell,

Suosnivač Nacionalnog udruženja za napredak obojenih, Meri Čerč Terel,

joined the parade with the 22 founders of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority,

pridružila se paradi sa 22 osnivača društva žena Delta sigma teta,

an organization created by female students from Howard University.

organizacije koju su stvorile studentkinje Univerziteta Hauard.

In these ways and more,

Na ove i druge načine,

black women persevered despite deep hostility

crnkinje su istrajale uprkos dubokom neprijateljskom stavu

from white women in the movement,

belkinja u pokretu,

and at great political and physical risk.

uz veliki politički i fizički rizik.

On the day of the parade,

Na dan parade,

suffragists assembled to create a powerful exhibition.

sifražetkinje su se okupile da bi stvorile moćno izlaganje.

The surging sections of the procession included international suffragists,

Delovi povorke koji su nastupali obuhvatali su međunarodne sifražetkinje,

artists, performers and business-owners.

umetnike, izvođače i preduzetnike.

Floats came in the form of golden chariots;

Platforme su bile u obliku zlatnih kočija,

an enormous Liberty Bell; and a map of enfranchised countries.

ogromnog Zvona slobode i mape zemalja koje su dale pravo glasa.

On the steps of the Treasury Building,

Na stepenicama Trezora,

performers acted out the historical achievements of women to a live orchestra.

izvođači su odigrali istorijska dostignuća žena uz orkestar uživo.

The marchers carried on even as a mob blocked the route,

Učesnice marša su nastavile čak i kada je masa ljudi blokirala put,

hurling insults and spitting at women,

dobacivala uvrede i pljuvala na žene,

tossing cigars, and physically assaulting participants.

bacala cigare i fizički napadala učesnice.

The police did not intervene,

Policija nije intervenisala

and in the end, over 100 women were hospitalized.

i na kraju je preko 100 žena bilo smešteno u bolnicu.

Their mistreatment, widely reported throughout the country,

Loše ophođenje prema njima, o kome se izveštavalo širom zemlje,

catapulted the parade into the public eye—

naglo je izbacilo paradu pred oči javnosti

and garnered suffragists greater sympathy.

i pridobilo simpatije prema sifražetkinjama.

National newspapers lambasted the police,

Nacionalne novine su napadale policiju

and Congressional hearings investigated their actions during the parade.

i saslušanja u Kongresu su istraživala njihove postupke tokom parade.

After the protest, the "Women’s Journal" declared,

Nakon protesta je „Ženski časopis“ izjavio:

“Washington has been disgraced. Equal suffrage has scored a great victory."

„Vašington je osramoćen.

Jednako pravo glasa ostvarilo je veliku pobedu.“

In this way,

Na ovaj način,

the march initiated a surge of support for women’s voting rights

marš je inicirao talas podrške za glasačka prava žena

that endured in the coming years.

koji je istrajao tokom predstojećih godina.

Suffragists kept up steady pressure on their representatives,

Sifražetkinje su stalno vršile pritisak na svoje predstavnike,

attended rallies, and petitioned the White House.

prisustvovale mitinzima i podnosile peticije Beloj kući.

Inez Milholland, the woman on the white horse,

Inez Milholand, žena na belom konju,

campaigned constantly throughout the United States,

konstantno je vodila kampanju širom Sjedinjenih Država

despite suffering from chronic health problems.

uprkos hroničnim zdravstvenim problemima.

She did not live to see her efforts come to fruition.

Nije doživela da vidi plod svojih napora.

In 1916,

Godine 1916,

she collapsed while giving a suffrage speech and died soon after.

srušila se dok je držala govor o pravu glasa i ubrzo nakon toga umrla.

According to popular reports,

Prema popularnim izveštajima,

her last words were,

njene poslednje reči su bile:

“Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?”

„Gospodine predsedniče, koliko će dugo žene morati da čekaju na slobodu?“

Though full voting inclusion would take decades,

Mada će za potpuno uključivanje u glasanje biti potrebne decenije,

in 1920, Congress ratified the 19th amendment,

1920. godine je Kongres usvojio 19. amandman,

finally granting women the right to vote.

čime je konačno ženama odobrio pravo glasa.