How did trains standardize time in the United States? - William Heuisler

Kako su vozovi standardizovali vreme u Sjedinjenim Državama? - Vilijam Hjusler (William Heuisler)

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Mirjana Čutura Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

The development and spread of railroads

Razvoj i širenje železnice u Sjedinjenim Državama

across the United States

brought a wave of changes to American life.

su doneli talas promena u načinu života u Americi.

During the railroad boom,

Za vreme procvata železnice,

thousands of jobs were created,

nastalo je hiljade radnih mesta,

new towns were born,

novi gradovi su rođeni,

trade increased,

trgovina se povećala,

transportation was faster,

prevoz je postao brži,

and the overall landscape of the nation transformed.

i sveopšti izgled nacije se promenio.

But, perhaps the most interesting change of all

Ali možda najzanimljivija promena

is the least known:

je najmanje poznata:

the establishment of standard time.

uspostavljanje standardnog vremena.

Today, we know if it is 6:28 a.m. in Los Angeles,

Danas znamo da,

ako je 6:28 u Los Anđelesu,

it is 9:28 a.m. in New York,

u Njujorku je 9:28,

2:28 p.m. in London,

14:28 u Londonu,

5:28 p.m. in Moscow,

17:28 u Moskvi,

and 10:28 p.m in Tokyo.

i 22:28 u Tokiju.

No matter where you are,

Bez obzira gde ste,

the minute and second are the exact same.

minuti i sekunde su potpuno iste.

But, before the railroads,

Pre železnice,

there was no need for a national or global clock,

nije postojala potreba za nacionalnim ili globalnim merenjem vremena

and each town kept its own local time.

i svaki grad je imao svoje lokalno vreme.

So when it was 12 noon in Chicago,

Kada je bilo podne u Čikagu,

it was 12:07 p.m. in Indianapolis,

u Indijanapolisu je bilo 12:07,

11:50 a.m. in St. Louis,

11:50 u Sent Luisu,

and 11:27 a.m. in Omaha.

i 11:27 u Omahi.

This worked just fine when the only modes of travel

Ovo je bilo sasvim u redu dok su konji i parobrodi bili jedini vidovi prevoza,

were horses or steamboats,

but it became incredibly problematic

ali je postalo veoma problematično

when railroads came along.

sa pojavom železnice.

How can you keep a train schedule

Kako možete poštovati red vožnje

when each town has its own time?

ako svaki grad ima svoje vreme?

And how do you prevent collisions or accidents on the tracks

I kako sprečavate sudare i nesreće na prugama

if train conductors are using different clocks?

ako kondukteri koriste različito vreme?

It doesn't really make sense to leave a station at 12:14 p.m.,

Zaista nema nikakvog smisla napustiti stanicu u 12:14,

travel for 22 minutes,

putovati 22 minuta,

and arrive at 12:31 p.m.

i stići u 12:31.

In order to eliminate that confusion,

Da bi se otklonila zabuna,

the railroads of the United States and Canada

železnice Sjedinjenih Država i Kanade

instituted standard time zones

su uvele standardne vremenske zone 18. novembra 1883. u podne.

on November 18, 1883 at noon.

It allowed the railroad companies

Ovo je omogućilo železničkim kompanijama da posluju efikasnije

to operate more effectively

and reduce deadly accidents.

i da smanje broj smrtonosnih nesreća.

The American public, however,

Međutim, američka javnost

was not so quick to embrace this new change,

nije tako brzo prihvatila ovu novu promenu,

as many cities continued to use their own local time.

i mnogi gradovi su nastavili da koriste svoje lokalno vreme.

Resistance was so strong that, in some towns,

U nekim gradovima, otpor je bio toliko jak

clocks would show both the local time and the railway time.

da su časovnici pokazivali i lokalno i železničko vreme.

Imagine this conversation:

Zamislite ovaj razgovor:

„Izvinite, gospodine. Da li znate koliko je sati?"

"Pardon me, sir. Do you have the time?"

"Why yes, which do you need?

„Da, koje vreme vam treba?

It's 12:13 local time and 12:16 railway time."

Sada je 12:13 po lokalnom vremenu i 12:16 po železničkom vremenu."

Ultimately, the logic of keeping a standard time prevailed,

Logika korišćenja standardnog vremena je konačno prevladala,

and the United States government made time zones a matter of law

i vlada Sjedinjenih Država je ozakonila vremenske zone

with the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918.

Aktom o standardnom vremenu 19. marta 1918.

Since then, there have been numerous changes

Od tada, vremenske zone su pretrpele mnoge promene,

to the time zones,

but the concept of standard time has remained.

ali ideja o standardnom vremenu je ostala nepromenjena.

But, the United States was actually not the first

U stvari, Sjedinjene Države nisu prve uvele standardno vreme.

to develop standard time.

The first company to implement the use of standard time

Prva kompanija koja je uvela standardno vreme

was the Great Western Railway in 1840 in Britain,

je bila Velika zapadna železnica u Britaniji 1840,

and by 1847, most British railways were using

i do 1847. godine je većina britanskih železničkih kompanija

Greenwich Mean Time, or G.M.T.

koristila Griničko srednje vreme ili GMT.

The British government made it official

Britanska vlada ga je ozvaničila

on August 2, 1880 with the Statutes, or Definition of Time, Act.

Uredbom o definiciji vremena 2. avgusta 1880.

But, while Britain may have been the first

Iako je Britanija možda prva ustanovila standardno vreme,

to establish standard time,

it is Asia and the islands of the South Pacific

Azija i ostrva Južnog Pacifika

that enjoyed the first hour of each new day.

uživaju prvi sat svakog novog dana.

The International Date Line

Međunarodna datumska granica

passes through the Pacific Ocean

prolazi kroz Tihi okean

on the opposite side of the Earth

na suprotnoj strani zemaljske kugle

from the Prime Meridian in Greenwich where,

od nultog meridijana u Griniču

thanks to trains,

gde je, zahvaljujući vozovima,

standard time was first used.

standardno vreme prvi put korišćeno.

Trains have evolved over the years

Vozovi su s vremenom unapređeni

and remain a prominent form

i ostali su istaknuti vid prevoza i trgovine širom sveta.

of transportation and trade throughout the world.

And, from the New York City subways

Od podzemne železnica u Njujorku,

to the freight trains traveling across the Great Plains,

preko teretnih vozova u Velikoj ravnici,

to the trolleys in San Francisco,

do trolejbusa u San Fransisku,

they all know exactly what time it is.

svi tačno znaju koliko je sati.

And, thanks to them, we do too!

I zahvaljujući njima, znamo i mi.