The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett

Osnove gasova: Avogadro, Bojl, Čarls - Brajan Benet (Brian Bennett)

Transcriber: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Milenka Okuka

In society, we have to follow laws that maintain order.

U društvu moramo da pratimo zakone kojim se održava red.

Did you know all chemical matter follows certain laws as well?

Da li ste znali da sva hemijska materija takođe prati zakone?

In fact, we can describe those laws by looking at relationships.

Zapravo, te zakone možemo opisati posmatrajući veze.

Some easy laws to begin with are the ones that govern the gases.

Neki prosti zakoni, za početak, su oni kojima se regulišu gasovi.

Back in 1662, Robert Boyle realized that gases had an interesting response

Godine 1662, Robert Bojl shvatio je da gasovi imaju zanimljivu reakciju

when he put them into containers and changed their volume.

kada bi ih stavio u posudu i promenio im zapreminu.

Take an empty bottle and put the cap on it, closing that container.

Uzmite praznu flašu i stavite čep na nju, čime zatvarate posudu.

Now squeeze your bottle, and what happens?

Sada stisnite flašu, i šta se dešava?

The pressure inside the bottle increases when the size of the container decreases.

Pritisak unutar flaše se povećava kada se smanjuje veličina posude.

You can only crush that container so much until the gases inside push back on your hand.

Tu posudu možete stisnuti samo dotle dok gasovi unutra ne pruže otpor ruci.

This is called an inverse proportion, and it changes at the same rate for every gas.

Ovo se naziva obrnutom proporcijom i menja se po istoj stopi za svaki gas.

Boyle's law allows chemists to predict the volume of any gas at any given pressure

Bojlov zakon hemičarima dozvoljava da predvide zapreminu bilo kog gasa

na bilo kom pritisku, jer je veza uvek ista.

because the relationship is always the same.

In 1780, Jacques Charles noticed a different relationship between gases and their temperature.

Žak Čarls je 1780. primetio drugačiju vezu između gasova i njihove temperature.

If you've ever seen a hot-air balloon, you've seen this law in action.

Ako ste ikada videli balon na vruć vazduh, videli ste ovaj zakon na delu.

When the ballons are laid out, they're totally flat.

Kada se baloni postave, potpuno su izduvani.

Instead of blowing the balloon up like a party balloon, they use a giant flame to heat the air inside that envelope.

Umesto da se balon naduva kao onaj za žurku,

koriste ogroman plamen da zagreju vazduh unutra.

As the air is heated up, the balloon begins to inflate as the gas volume increases.

Kako se vazduh greje, balon počinje da se naduvava, kako raste zapremina gasa.

The hotter the gas becomes, the larger the volume, and that's Charles' law.

Što je gas vreliji, veća je zapremina i to je Čarlsov zakon.

Notice this law is different from Boyle's.

Primetite kako je ovaj zakon drugačiji od Bojlovog.

Charles' law is a direct relationship.

Čarlsov zakon je direktna veza.

As the temperature increases, the volume increases as well.

Kako raste temperatura, povećava se i zapremina.

The third law is also easily demonstrated.

Treći zakon se takođe lako prikazuje.

When you're blowing up party balloons, the volume increases.

Kada naduvate balon za žurku, povećava se zapremina.

As you are blowing, you're forcing more and more gas particles into the balloon from your lungs.

Dok duvate, prenosite sve više čestica gasa u balon iz vaših pluća.

This causes the balloon volume to increase. This is Avogadro's law in action.

Od ovoga zapremina balona raste. Ovo je Avogadrov zakon na delu.

As the number of particles of gas added to a container are increased,

Kako se povećava broj čestica gasa u posudi,

the volume will increase as well.

rašće i zapremina.

If you add too many particles, well, you know what happens next.

Ukoliko dodate previše čestica, već znate šta se dešava.

Laws are everywhere, even in the tiniest particles of gas.

Zakoni su svuda, čak i u najmanjim česticama gasa.

If you squeeze them, the pressure will increase as the particles are pushed together.

Ako ih stisnete, pritisak će se povećati dok se čestice guraju zajedno.

Low volume means a high pressure because those particles push back.

Niska zapremina znači velik pritisak jer se te čestice odupiru.

As the temperature increases, gases move away from one another, and the volume increases as well.

Kako raste temperatura, gasovi se odmiču jedni od drugih i raste zapremina.

Finally, if you add gas to a closed container, that container's volume will expand.

Konačno, ukoliko gas dodate u zatvorenu posudu, zapremina će rasti.

But be careful not to add too much, because otherwise you could end up with a burst balloon.

Ali pažljivo, ne smete ga dodati previše jer ćete dobiti puknut balon.