The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett

Transcriber: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevoditelj: Irma Komljenović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

In society, we have to follow laws that maintain order.

U društvu moramo poštovati zakone kako bismo održali red.

Did you know all chemical matter follows certain laws as well?

Jesi li znao da i sve kemijske tvari poštuju određene zakone?

In fact, we can describe those laws by looking at relationships.

Zapravo, te zakone možemo opisati promatranjem odnosa.

Some easy laws to begin with are the ones that govern the gases.

Možemo početi sa jednostavnim zakonima koji upravljaju plinovima.

Back in 1662, Robert Boyle realized that gases had an interesting response

Još 1662., Robert Boyle primijetio je da plinovi zanimljivo reagiraju

when he put them into containers and changed their volume.

kada ih se stavi u spremnik pa im se promijeni volumen.

Take an empty bottle and put the cap on it, closing that container.

Uzmi praznu bocu i na nju stavi čep, zatvarajući taj spremnik.

Now squeeze your bottle, and what happens?

Sada stisni svoju bocu; što se događa?

The pressure inside the bottle increases when the size of the container decreases.

Tlak unutar boce povećava se kada se veličina spremnika smanjuje.

You can only crush that container so much until the gases inside push back on your hand.

Spremnik možeš stiskati sve dok plinovi iznutra ne vrše pritisak na tvoju ruku.

This is called an inverse proportion, and it changes at the same rate for every gas.

To se zove obrnuta proporcija i mijenja se jednakom brzinom za svaki plin.

Boyle's law allows chemists to predict the volume of any gas at any given pressure

Zbog Boyleova zakona kemičari mogu predvidjeti volumen plina

pod bilo kojim tlakom, jer je odnos uvijek jednak.

because the relationship is always the same.

In 1780, Jacques Charles noticed a different relationship between gases and their temperature.

1780., Jacques Charles uočio je drukčiji odnos

između plinova i njihove temperature.

If you've ever seen a hot-air balloon, you've seen this law in action.

Ako si ikada vidio balon na vrući zrak, vidio si kako ovaj zakon djeluje.

When the ballons are laid out, they're totally flat.

Kada su baloni polegnuti, potpuno su plosnati.

Instead of blowing the balloon up like a party balloon, they use a giant flame to heat the air inside that envelope.

Umjesto napuhavanja kao kod rođendanskog balona,

koristi se ogroman plamen da zagrije zrak unutar te omotnice.

As the air is heated up, the balloon begins to inflate as the gas volume increases.

Kako se zrak zagrijava, balon se napuhava zbog povećanja volumena plina.

The hotter the gas becomes, the larger the volume, and that's Charles' law.

Što je plin topliji, to je veći volumen, a to je Charlesov zakon.

Notice this law is different from Boyle's.

Primijeti da je ovaj zakon drukčiji od Boyleova.

Charles' law is a direct relationship.

Charlesov je zakon direktan odnos.

As the temperature increases, the volume increases as well.

Kako se povećava temperatura, povećava se i volumen.

The third law is also easily demonstrated.

I treći je zakon lako demonstrirati.

When you're blowing up party balloons, the volume increases.

Kada napuhuješ rođendanske balone, volumen im se povećava.

As you are blowing, you're forcing more and more gas particles into the balloon from your lungs.

Puhanjem tjeraš sve više i više čestica plina iz svojih pluća u balon.

To uzrokuje povećanje volumena balona, što je djelovanje Avogadrova zakona.

This causes the balloon volume to increase. This is Avogadro's law in action.

As the number of particles of gas added to a container are increased,

Povećanjem broja čestica plina u spremniku, povećava se i volumen.

the volume will increase as well.

If you add too many particles, well, you know what happens next.

Dodaš li previše čestica, pa, znaš što će se dogoditi.

Laws are everywhere, even in the tiniest particles of gas.

Zakoni su posvuda, čak i u najsitnijim česticama plina.

If you squeeze them, the pressure will increase as the particles are pushed together.

Stisneš li ih, tlak će se povećati zbog zgušnjenja čestica.

Low volume means a high pressure because those particles push back.

Malen volumen znači visok tlak, jer se te čestice odguruju.

As the temperature increases, gases move away from one another, and the volume increases as well.

Kako se temperatura povećava, plinovi se odmiču jedni od drugih,

ponovno povećavajući volumen.

Finally, if you add gas to a closed container, that container's volume will expand.

Konačno, staviš li plin u zatvoreni spremnik,

volumen tog spremnika će se povećati.

But be careful not to add too much, because otherwise you could end up with a burst balloon.

No budi oprezan da ga ne staviš previše, jer bi mogao završiti s puknutim balonom.