The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett

Transcriber: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

翻译人员: Tianchang Luo 校对人员: Dian Yu

In society, we have to follow laws that maintain order.

在社会中 我们必须遵循自然法则来维持自然规律

Did you know all chemical matter follows certain laws as well?

你知道所有化学物质也遵循一定的法则吗？

In fact, we can describe those laws by looking at relationships.

事实上 观察他们之间的关联就能发现这些法则

Some easy laws to begin with are the ones that govern the gases.

关于气体的法则是比较简单的

Back in 1662, Robert Boyle realized that gases had an interesting response

在1662年 罗伯特波义耳发现有趣的气体反应

when he put them into containers and changed their volume.

当其被放置在容器中并改变它的体积

Take an empty bottle and put the cap on it, closing that container.

拿一个空瓶 然后盖上盖子密封容器

Now squeeze your bottle, and what happens?

现在挤压你的瓶子 发生了什么？

The pressure inside the bottle increases when the size of the container decreases.

瓶子体积变小 瓶内的气压增大

You can only crush that container so much until the gases inside push back on your hand.

当瓶内的气体对你的手施加压力时 就是瓶子能被挤压得大限度

This is called an inverse proportion, and it changes at the same rate for every gas.

这叫做逆比例 对于任何气体都以同一比率变化

Boyle's law allows chemists to predict the volume of any gas at any given pressure

波义耳定律能让化学家们预测 任何特定气压下任何气体的体积

because the relationship is always the same.

因为它们之间的联系始终是相同的

In 1780, Jacques Charles noticed a different relationship between gases and their temperature.

在1780年 亚克斯 查理发现了气体与温度之间的 一种不同关系

If you've ever seen a hot-air balloon, you've seen this law in action.

如果你见过热气球 那你就见过这个法则的实际运用

When the ballons are laid out, they're totally flat.

当气球平放的时候 它是完全平坦的

Instead of blowing the balloon up like a party balloon, they use a giant flame to heat the air inside that envelope.

他们用巨大的火焰来加热气球内部 而不是像吹普通气球一样

As the air is heated up, the balloon begins to inflate as the gas volume increases.

当空气被加热 气体体积增大气球开始变鼓

The hotter the gas becomes, the larger the volume, and that's Charles' law.

气体温度越高 体积就越大 这就是查理定律

Notice this law is different from Boyle's.

注意 这条定律和波义耳定律有所不同

Charles' law is a direct relationship.

查理定律中的变量有着直接关系

As the temperature increases, the volume increases as well.

当温度升高 体积增大

The third law is also easily demonstrated.

第三条法则也可以被简单的说明

When you're blowing up party balloons, the volume increases.

当你吹气球的时候 体积增大

As you are blowing, you're forcing more and more gas particles into the balloon from your lungs.

在你吹的时候 你把越来越多的气体从你的肺里面转移进气球

This causes the balloon volume to increase. This is Avogadro's law in action.

这导致气球的体积增加 这是阿伏伽德罗定律的实际应用

As the number of particles of gas added to a container are increased,

当气体粒子的数量在容器中增加时

the volume will increase as well.

体积也会增加

If you add too many particles, well, you know what happens next.

如果你有太多的粒子 你知道接下来会发生什么

Laws are everywhere, even in the tiniest particles of gas.

自然法则无处不在 即便是在最微小的气体粒子中

If you squeeze them, the pressure will increase as the particles are pushed together.

如果你挤压它 当粒子们被挤到一起时气压增加

Low volume means a high pressure because those particles push back.

小体积需要大的气压因为这些粒子相互推开

As the temperature increases, gases move away from one another, and the volume increases as well.

当温度上升时 气体互相远离 体积增加

Finally, if you add gas to a closed container, that container's volume will expand.

最后 如果把气体放在密封的容器（比如气球）里 容器会被撑大

But be careful not to add too much, because otherwise you could end up with a burst balloon.

但要小心不要加太多 否则气球会爆炸