From enslavement to rebel gladiator: The life of Spartacus - Fiona Radford

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

As the warrior slept,

Dok je ratnik spavao,

a snake coiled around his face.

zmija mu se smotala oko lica.

Instead of a threat, his wife saw an omen–

Njegova supruga to nije videla kao pretnju već kao predskazanje -

a fearsome power that would lead her husband to either glory or doom.

kao golemu snagu koja će da vodi njenog supruga bilo do slave ili propasti.

For now, however, he was only a slave –

Zasad, međutim, on je bio samo rob -

one of millions taken from the territories

jedan među milionima drugih odvedenih sa teritorija

conquered by Rome to work the mines,

koje je osvojio Rim, kako bi radili u rudnicima,

till the fields,

obrađivali polja

or fight for the crowd’s entertainment.

ili se borili u ime zabave za rulju.

A nomadic Thracian from what is now Bulgaria,

Nomadski Tračanin, sa prostora današnje Bugarske,

he had served in the Roman Army but was imprisoned for desertion.

služio je u rimskoj vojsci, ali je utamničen zbog dezerterstva.

His name was Spartacus.

Njegovo ime je bilo Spartak.

Spartacus had been brought to Capua by Batiatus, a lanista,

Spartaka je u Kapuu doveo Bacijat, lanista,

or trainer of gladiators.

to jest, obučavalac za gladijatore.

And life at the ludus, or gladiator school, was unforgiving.

A život u ludusu, to jest školi za gladijatore, bio je bespoštedan.

New recruits were forced to swear an oath

Novi regruti su prisiljavani da polože zakletvu

“to be burned, to be bound, to be beaten, and to be killed by the sword,”

„da će da budu spaljivani, vezani, prebijani i da će da poginu od mača“,

and to obey their master’s will without question.

kao i da će da se povinuju gospodarevoj volji bez pogovora.

But even harsh discipline couldn’t break Spartacus’s spirit.

Međutim, čak ni stroga disciplina nije mogla da slomi Spartakov duh.

In 73 BCE, Spartacus led 73 other slaves

Godine 73. p.n.e, Spartak je predvodio 73 roba

to seize knives and skewers from the kitchen and fight their way out,

kako bi oteli noževe i ražnje iz kuhinje i tako se probili napolje,

hijacking a wagon of gladiator equipment along the way.

usput otimajući teretna kola sa opremom za gladijatore.

They were done fighting for others–

Bilo im je dosta borbe za druge -

now, they fought for their freedom.

sada su se borili za sopstvenu slobodu.

When the news reached Rome,

Kada su vesti stigle do Rima,

the Senate was too busy with wars in Spain and the Pontic Empire

senat je bio suviše zauzet ratovima u Španiji i s Pontskim kraljevstvom

to worry about some unruly slaves.

da bi brinuo o nekakvim neposlušnim robovima.

Unconcerned, praetor Claudius Glaber took an army of three thousand men

Neopterećen, pretor Klaudije Glaber je poveo armiju od tri hiljade ljudi

to the rebel’s refuge at Mount Vesuvius,

do utočišta pobunjenika na planini Vezuv

and blocked off the only passage up the mountain.

i blokirali su jedini prilaz planini.

All that remained was to wait and starve them out–

Samo je trebalo da sačekaju i da ih izgladne -

or so he thought.

bar su tako mislili.

In the dead of night,

U gluvo doba noći,

the rebels lowered themselves down the cliffside on ropes made from vines,

pobunjenici su se spustili niz padinu na konopcima od lijana

and flanked Glaber’s unguarded camp.

i opkolili su Glaberov nebranjeni logor.

Thus began the legend of Rome’s defiant gladiator.

Time počinje legenda o rimskom prkosnom gladijatoru.

As news of the rebellion spread,

Kako su se vesti o pobuni širile,

its ranks swelled with escaped slaves,

pobunjenicima su se masovno pridruživali odbegli robovi,

deserting soldiers, and hungry peasants.

vojnici dezerteri i gladni seljaci.

Many were untrained,

Većina nije imala vojnu obuku,

but Spartacus’s clever tactics transformed them

međutim, Spartakova pametna taktika ih je preobrazila

into an effective guerrilla force.

u efikasnu gerilsku snagu.

A second Roman expedition led by praetor Varinius,

Drugu rimsku ekspediciju predvođenu pretorom Varinijem

was ambushed while the officer bathed.

su napali iz zasede dok se zapovednik kupao.

To elude the remaining Roman forces,

Kako bi obmanuli preostale rimske trupe,

the rebels used their enemy’s corpses as decoy guards,

pobunjenici su koristili neprijateljske leševe da bi odvratili pažnju stražarima,

stealing Varinius’s own horse to aid their escape.

kradući Varinijevog konja da im pomogne u bekstvu.

Thanks to his inspiring victories and policy of distributing spoils equally,

Zahvaljujući inspirativnim pobedama i politikom ravnomerne raspodele plena,

Spartacus continued attracting followers,

Spartak je sve više privlačio sledbenike

and gained control of villages

i dobijao je kontrolu nad selima

where new weapons could be forged.

gde su mogli da kuju novo oružje.

The Romans soon realized they were no longer facing ragtag fugitives,

Rimljani su ubrzo shvatili da više nisu suočeni sa neorganizovanim beguncima,

and in the spring of 72 BCE,

i u proleće 72. godine p.n.e,

the Senate retaliated with the full force of two legions.

Senat je krenuo svom silinom od dve legije u odmazdu.

The rebels left victorious,

Pobunjenici su odneli pobedu,

but many lives were lost in the battle,

ali mnogi životi su izgubljeni u bici,

including Spartacus’ lieutenant Crixus.

uključujući Spartakovog poručnika Kriksa.

To honor him, Spartacus held funeral games,

Kako bi mu odao poštu, Spartak je održao pogrebne igre,

forcing his Roman prisoners to play the role his fellow rebels had once endured.

terajući rimske zatvorenike da igraju uloge

koje su njegova braća pobunjenici nekad trpeli.

By the end of 72 BCE,

Do kraja 72. godine p.n.e,

Spartacus’ army was a massive force of roughly 120,000 members.

Spartakova armija je bila masivna sila od skoro 120 000 članova.

But those numbers proved difficult to manage.

Međutim, ispostavilo se da je teško upravljati tolikim mnoštvom.

With the path to the Alps clear,

Kako je prolaz do Alpa bio čist,

Spartacus wanted to march beyond Rome’s borders,

Spartak je želeo da izmaršira van rimskih granica,

where his followers would be free.

gde bi njegovi sledbenici bili slobodni.

But his vast army had grown brash.

Međutim, njegova ogromna armija je postala drska.

Many wanted to continue pillaging,

Mnogi su želeli da nastave sa haranjem,

while others dreamed of marching on Rome itself.

dok su drugi sanjali o marširanju na sami Rim.

In the end, the rebel army turned south–

Na kraju je pobunjenička armija skrenula južno -

forgoing what would be their last chance at freedom.

zaputivši se u nešto što će da bude njihova poslednja šansa za oslobođenje.

Meanwhile, Marcus Licinius Crassus had assumed control of the war.

U međuvremenu, Mark Licinije Kras je preuzeo kontrolu nad ratom.

As Rome’s wealthiest citizen,

Kao najimućniji rimski građanin,

he pursued Spartacus with eight new legions,

krenuo je u poteru za Spartakom sa osam novih legija,

eventually trapping the rebels in the toe of Italy.

na kraju zarobivši pobunjenike u prstu Italije.

After failed attempts to build rafts,

Nakon neuspelog pokušaja da sagrade splavove,

and a stinging betrayal by local pirates,

kao i gorke izdaje od strane lokalnih pirata,

the rebels made a desperate run to break through Crassus’s lines–

pobunjenici su krenuli u očajnički beg, probijajući se kroz Krasove redove -

but it was no use.

no nije bilo pomoći.

Roman reinforcements were returning from the Pontic wars,

Rimska pojačanja su stizala iz pontskih ratova

and the rebels’ ranks and spirits were broken.

i pobunjeničke trupe i duh su slomljeni.

In 71 BCE, they made their last stand.

Godine 71. p.n.e. su pružili poslednji otpor.

Spartacus nearly managed to reach Crassus before being cut down by centurions.

Spartak skoro da je uspeo da se domogne Krasa

pre nego što su ga centurioni posekli.

His army was destroyed,

Njegova armija je uništena,

and 6000 captives were crucified along the Appian Way–

a 6 000 zarobljenika je razapeto na krst duž Vije Apije

a haunting demonstration of Roman authority.

u znak upečatljive demonstracije rimskog autoriteta.

Crassus won the war,

Kras je pobedio u ratu,

but it is not his legacy which echoes through the centuries.

međutim, nije njegovo nasleđe ono koje odjekuje vekovima.

Thousands of years later,

Hiljadama godina kasnije,

the name of the slave who made the world’s mightiest empire tremble

ime roba zbog koga je najmoćnije carstvo na svetu drhtalo

has become synonymous with freedom–

postalo je sinonim za slobodu -

and the courage to fight for it.

i hrabrost da se za nju bori.