The Greek myth of Talos, the first robot - Adrienne Mayor

3,066,087 views ・ 2019-10-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jina LEE κ²€ν† : Yunjung Nam
00:07
Hephaestus, god of technology, was hard at work on his most ingenious invention yet.
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기술의 μ‹  ν—€νŒŒμ΄ν† μŠ€λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 독창적인 발λͺ…ν’ˆ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— μ—΄μ€‘ν•˜λ˜ μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:12
He was creating a new defense system for King Minos,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ μ„¬λ‚˜λΌ ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 왕ꡭ에 μΉ¨λž΅μžκ°€ 쀄어듀기λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜λŠ”
00:15
who wanted fewer intruders on his island kingdom of Crete.
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λ―Έλ…ΈμŠ€μ™•μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°©μ–΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 쀑 μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:19
But mortal guards and ordinary weapons wouldn’t suffice,
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인간 ν˜Έμœ„λ³‘ ꡰ단과 일반 λ¬΄κΈ°λ‘œλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμž,
00:23
so the visionary god devised an indomitable new defender.
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선견지λͺ…을 가지고 있던 신은 뢈꡴의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 수호자λ₯Ό κ³ μ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
In the fires of his forge,
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λŒ€μž₯κ°„μ˜ 뢈질 μ†μ—μ„œ
00:29
Hephaestus cast his invention in the shape of a giant man.
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ν—€νŒŒμ΄ν† μŠ€λŠ” 거인의 ν˜•μƒμ„ ν•œ 창쑰물을 μ£Όμ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Made of gleaming bronze; endowed with superhuman strength,
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μ‹ λ“€μ˜ 생λͺ…체인 이코λ₯΄λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λ©°, 초인적인 νž˜μ„ 뢀여받은
00:37
and powered by ichor, the life fluid of the gods,
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λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” μ²­λ™μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 이 λ‘œλ΄‡ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒμ€
00:40
this automaton was unlike anything Hephaestus had forged before.
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ν—€νŒŒμ΄ν† μŠ€κ°€ μ΄μ „κΉŒμ§€ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ˜ κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 것과도 λ‹¬λžμ£ .
00:44
The god named his creation Talos: the first robot.
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신은 졜초의 λ‘œλ΄‡μΈ κ·Έ 창쑰물을 νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λΌκ³  μ΄λ¦„λΆ™μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
00:49
Three times a day, the bronze guardian marched around the island's perimeter
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이 청동 μˆ˜ν˜ΈμžλŠ” 이 μ„¬μ˜ μΉ¨μž…μžλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ 헀맀며
00:53
searching for interlopers.
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ„Έ 번 섬 주변을 ν–‰μ§„ν–ˆμ£ .
00:55
When he identified ships approaching the coast,
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νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€κ°€ ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ— λ‹€λ‹€λ₯΄λŠ” 선박듀을 μ•Œμ•„μ±˜μ„ λ•Œ,
00:57
he hurled massive boulders into their path.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 선박이 ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” 경둜λ₯Ό 따라 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ°”μœ„λ“€μ„ λ˜μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
01:00
If any survivors made it ashore,
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만일 살아남은 μžκ°€ 뭍으둜 μ˜¬λΌμ˜¨λ‹€λ©΄,
01:02
he would heat his metal body red-hot and crush victims to his chest.
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νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λŠ” κΈˆμ† λͺΈμ²΄λ₯Ό 뜨겁게 달ꡬ고 κ°€μŠ΄μœΌλ‘œ μ§“λ­‰κ°œλ²„λ Έμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
01:08
Talos was intended to fulfill his duties day after day, with no variation.
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νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λŠ” 변화없이, 맀일 μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‹€νžˆ 이행할 μž‘μ •μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:12
But despite his robotic behavior,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그의 기계적 행동에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:15
he possessed an internal life his victims could scarcely imagine.
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νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λŠ” ν¬μƒμžλ“€μ΄ μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“  내적인 삢을 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:19
And soon,
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그리고 곧,
01:20
the behemoth would encounter a ship of invaders that would test his mettle.
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λ² ν—€λͺ¨μŠ€(κ΅¬μ•½μ„±μ„œ 속 마수)λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ κΈ°μ„Έλ₯Ό μ‹œν—˜ν• 
침랡자의 λ°° ν•œ 척을 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:24
The bedraggled crew of Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts
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제이슨, 메데이아, μ•„λ₯΄κ³  μ›μ •λŒ€μ˜ λ…Ήμ΄ˆκ°€ 된 선원듀이
01:28
were returning from their hard-won quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece.
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ν™©κΈˆ μ–‘ν”Όλ₯Ό 되찾기 μœ„ν•œ κ³ λ‚œμ˜ μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό 마치고 λŒμ•„μ˜€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:32
Their adventure had taken many dark turns,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨ν—˜μ€ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 암흑기λ₯Ό κ±°μ³€κ³ ,
01:34
and the weary sailors were desperate to rest in a safe harbor.
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μ§€μΉœ 선원듀은 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ ν•­κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν•œμ‹œλΌλ„ 빨리 쉬고 싢은 λ§ˆμŒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:38
They’d heard tales of Crete’s invulnerable bronze colossus,
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그듀은 이미 ν¬λ ˆνƒ€μ— μžˆλŠ” 뢈꡴의 청동 거인에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ“€μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:42
and made for a sheltered cove.
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ν”Όμ‹ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•΄μ•ˆλ§Œμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ ν•­ν•΄ν–ˆμ£ .
01:44
But before they could even drop anchor, Talos spotted them.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀이 닻을 내리기도 전에, νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λŠ” 그듀을 ν¬μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
While the Argonauts cowered at the approach of the awesome automaton,
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μ•„λ₯΄κ³ ν˜Έ 선원듀이 이 μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ 접근에 겁을 먹은 λ™μ•ˆ,
01:53
the sorceress Medea spotted a glinting bolt on the robot’s ankleβ€”
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λ§ˆλ²•μ‚¬μΈ λ©”λ°μ΄μ•„λŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ 발λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ°˜μ§μ΄λŠ” 볼트λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ λŠ”
01:58
and devised a clever gambit.
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μ˜λ¦¬ν•œ μ±…λž΅μ„ κΎΈλ©°λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Medea offered Talos a bargain:
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λ©”λ°μ΄μ•„λŠ” νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€μ—κ²Œ 거래λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:02
she claimed that she could make Talos immortal
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 볼트λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λ₯Ό 뢈멸의 쑴재둜
02:05
in exchange for removing the bolt.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€„ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:08
Medea's promise resonated deep within his core.
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λ©”λ°μ΄μ•„μ˜ 약속은 그의 마음 속 κΉŠμ€ 곳에 μšΈλ¦Όμ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Unaware of his own mechanical nature,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 기계적인 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ•Œμ•„μ±„μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ,
02:13
and human enough to long for eternal life, Talos agreed.
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μ˜μƒμ„ κ°ˆλ§ν•  만큼 인간적이기도 ν•œ νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λŠ” λ™μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
While Medea muttered incantations, Jason removed the bolt.
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메데이아가 μ£Όμˆ μ„ μ™Έμš°λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ, μ œμ΄μŠ¨μ€ 볼트λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
As Medea suspected, the bolt was a weak point in Hephaestus’ design.
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메데이아가 μ˜μ‹¬ν–ˆλ˜λŒ€λ‘œ, κ·Έ λ³ΌνŠΈλŠ” ν—€νŒŒμ΄ν† μŠ€ λ””μžμΈμ˜ μ•½μ μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:27
The ichor flowed out like molten lead, draining Talos of his power source.
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이코λ₯΄κ°€ 녹은 λ‚©μ²˜λŸΌ ν˜λŸ¬λ‚˜μ˜€λ©° νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€μ˜ μ „λ ₯을 λΉΌλ‚΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
The robot collapsed with a thunderous crash,
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κ·Έ λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ 천λ‘₯ 같은 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ©° μΆ©λŒν•˜λ©° μ“°λ €μ‘Œκ³ ,
02:36
and the Argonauts were free to travel home.
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μ•„λ₯΄κ³ μ„ μ˜ 선원듀은 자유둭게 μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
This story, first recorded in roughly 700 BCE,
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λŒ€λž΅ 기원전 700년에 졜초둜 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
02:44
raises some familiar anxieties about artificial intelligenceβ€”
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인곡지λŠ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΅μˆ™ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆλ“€μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ ,
02:48
and even provides an ancient blueprint for science fiction.
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심지어 곡상과학 μ†Œμ„€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ•„μ£Ό 였래된 청사진을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
But according to historians, ancient robots were more than just myths.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 역사가듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, κ³ λŒ€ λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ‹ ν™” κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
By the 4th century BCE,
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기원전 4세기에 이λ₯΄λŸ¬
02:58
Greek engineers began making actual automatons
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그리슀 κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ€ λ‘œλ΄‡ ν•˜μΈκ³Ό λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” μƒˆ λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬
03:01
including robotic servants and flying models of birds.
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μ‹€μ œ μžλ™ν™”κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
None of these creations were as famous as Talos,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ°½μ‘°λ¬Όλ“€ 쀑 κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ 것도
03:08
who appeared on Greek coins, vase paintings, public frescoes,
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그리슀 동전, 화병 κ·Έλ¦Ό, ν”„λ ˆμŠ€μ½” λ²½ν™”, μ—°κ·Ή 곡연에 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ”
03:12
and in theatrical performances.
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νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€λ§ŒνΌ 유λͺ…ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Even 2,500 years ago,
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심지어 2,500λ…„ μ „μ—λŠ”
03:16
Greeks had already begun to investigate the uncertain line
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κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ΄ 이미 인간과 기계 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 경계에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
03:20
between human and machine.
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μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
And like many modern myths about artificial intelligence,
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인곡지λŠ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ ν˜„λŒ€ μ‹ ν™”λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ, νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
03:25
Talos’ tale is as much about his robotic heart as it is about his robotic brain.
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그의 기계적 λ‘λ‡Œμ— κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:31
Illustrating the demise of Talos on a vase of the fifth century BCE,
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기원전 5μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 화병에 νƒˆλ‘œμŠ€μ˜ μ£½μŒμ„ κ·Έλ¦° ν•œ ν™”κ°€λŠ”
03:36
one painter captured the dying automaton’s despair
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μ²­λ™μœΌλ‘œ 된 λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ 볼에 ν˜λŸ¬λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 눈물 ν•œ λ°©μšΈμ„ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λ©°
03:39
with a tear rolling down his bronze cheek.
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μ£½μ–΄κ°€λŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ˜ μ ˆλ§κ°μ„ ν¬μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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