The psychology of post-traumatic stress disorder - Joelle Rabow Maletis

3,174,555 views ・ 2018-06-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeona Seo κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
Many of us will experience some kind of trauma during our lifetime.
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00:10
Sometimes, we escape with no long-term effects.
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00:14
But for millions of us, those experiences linger,
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00:18
causing symptoms like flashbacks,
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00:19
nightmares,
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우리 쀑 λ§Žμ€ 이듀은 살닀보면 μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 트라우마λ₯Ό κ²ͺ게 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
and negative thoughts that interfere with everyday life.
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00:23
This phenomenon, called post-traumatic stress disorder,
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž₯기적인 영ν–₯ 없이 νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆμ—μ„œ νƒˆμΆœν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:27
or PTSD,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우리 쀑 λ‹€μˆ˜μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
isn’t a personal failing;
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00:30
rather, it’s a treatable malfunction of certain biological mechanisms
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μƒμƒν•œ κΈ°μ–΅
μ•…λͺ½
그리고 뢀정적인 생각듀이 우리의 일상을 λ°©ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:34
that allow us to cope with dangerous experiences.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€, 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ•  ν˜Ήμ€
00:39
To understand PTSD,
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00:40
we first need to understand how the brain processes a wide range of ordeals,
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μ€„μ—¬μ„œ PTSD라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”λ°
그것은 개인적인 결점이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
PTSDλŠ” 치료 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯μž₯애이며
00:45
including the death of a loved one,
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 생물학적인 κΈ°μ œμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생긴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
domestic violence,
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00:48
injury or illness,
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00:50
abuse,
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00:51
rape,
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00:52
war,
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PTSDλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
00:53
car accidents,
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00:54
and natural disasters.
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λ¨Όμ € λ‡Œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹œλ ¨μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°
00:55
These events can bring on feelings of danger and helplessness,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 죽음과
00:59
which activate the brain’s alarm system,
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가정폭λ ₯
01:01
known as the β€œfight-flight-freeze” response.
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뢀상 λ˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘
ν•™λŒ€
01:04
When this alarm sounds,
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κ°•κ°„
μ „μŸ
01:06
the hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal systems,
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ꡐ톡사고
그리고 μžμ—°μž¬ν•΄ 같은 것이 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 사건듀은 μœ„ν˜‘κ°κ³Ό 무λ ₯감을 뢈러올 수 있고
01:09
known as the HPA axis,
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01:11
work together to send signals to the autonomic nervous system.
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이런 감정듀은 λ‡Œμ˜ 비상경보 μž₯치λ₯Ό μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ°
μ΄λŠ” "투쟁-도피-경직 λ°˜μ‘"으둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
That’s the network that communicates with adrenal glands and internal organs
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이 경보가 울릴 λ•Œ
01:19
to help regulate functions like heart rate,
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μ‹œμƒ ν•˜λΆ€, λ‡Œν•˜μˆ˜μ²΄, 그리고 λΆ€μ‹  μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ
01:21
digestion, and respiration.
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μ€„μ—¬μ„œ HPA 좕이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ—­μ΄
01:24
These signals start a chemical cascade
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ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ꡐ감신경계에 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
that floods the body with several different stress hormones,
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ꡐ감신경은 λΆ€μ‹  및 λ‚΄μž₯λ“€κ³Ό μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄
01:30
causing physiological changes that prepare the body to defend itself.
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심μž₯ λ°•λ™μˆ˜, μ†Œν™”, 호흑 같은 κΈ°λŠ₯듀을 μ‘°μ ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
Our heart rate speeds up,
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01:35
breathing quickens,
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01:36
and muscles tense.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ“€μ€ 화학적 μ—°μ†λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ λ°œμ‹œμΌœ
01:38
Even after a crisis is over,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 슀트레슀 호λ₯΄λͺ¬λ“€μ„ λ°©μΆœμ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨
01:41
escalated levels of stress hormones may last for days,
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λͺΈμ΄ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ§€ν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 생리학적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
contributing to jittery feelings,
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01:46
nightmares,
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01:47
and other symptoms.
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우리의 심μž₯ λ°•λ™μˆ˜λŠ” μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³ 
01:48
For most people, these experiences disappear within a few days to two weeks
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μˆ¨μ€ κ°€λΉ μ§€κ³ 
κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ€ μˆ˜μΆ•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μœ„κΈ°κ°€ λλ‚˜λ”λΌλ„
01:53
as their hormone levels stabilize.
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μ¦κ°€λœ 슀트레슀 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ€ λ©°μΉ  λ™μ•ˆ 지속 될 수 있고
01:55
But a small percentage of those who experience trauma
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μ΄ˆμ‘°ν•œ κ°μ •μ˜ 원인이 λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:58
have persistent problems
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μ•…λͺ½μ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 증상듀을 μœ λ°œμ‹œν‚¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
β€”sometimes vanishing temporarily only to resurface months later.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ€ λ©°μΉ μ—μ„œ 두 μ£Ό 사이에 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
We don’t completely understand what’s happening in the brain,
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄ μ•ˆμ •ν™” λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:07
but one theory is that the stress hormone cortisol
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 트라우마λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•œ λͺ‡ νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
02:10
may be continuously activating the β€œfight-flight-freeze” response
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영ꡬ적인 문제λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°
λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œλ‹€κ°€ λͺ‡ 달 후에 λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
while reducing overall brain functioning, leading to a number of negative symptoms.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‡Œμ—μ„œ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:19
These symptoms often fall into four categories:
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ν•œ 이둠에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 슀트레슀 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μΈ μ½”λ₯΄ν‹°μ†”이
02:22
intrusive thoughts, like dreams and flashbacks,
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"투쟁-도피-경직 λ°˜μ‘"을 κ³„μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œμΌœ
02:25
avoiding reminders of the trauma,
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02:27
negative thoughts and feelings, like fear, anger, and guilt,
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λ‡Œμ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬κ³  μ—¬λŸ¬ 뢀정적 증상을 μœ λ°œν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
and β€œreactive” symptoms like irritability and difficulty sleeping.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 증상은 λ„€ μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
꿈 λ˜λŠ” μƒμƒν•œ κΈ°μ–΅ 같은 μž‘λ…λ“€μ΄ λ“€κ±°λ‚˜
02:36
Not everyone has all these symptoms,
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02:38
or experiences them to the same extent and intensity.
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트라우마의 상기물을 νšŒν”Όν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
두렀움, ν™”, 죄책감 같은 뢀정적인 μƒκ°μ΄λ‚˜ 감정이 λ“€κ³ 
02:41
When problems last more than a month, PTSD is often diagnosed.
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그리고 μ‹ κ²½κ³Όλ―Όμ΄λ‚˜ 수면μž₯μ•  같은 μˆ˜λ™μ  증상듀을 κ²ͺ기도 ν•˜μ§€μš”.
02:46
Genetics,
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02:47
on-going overwhelming stress,
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02:49
and many risk factors like preexisting mental illnesses
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이 λ„€ 증상듀을 λ‹€ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 같은 정도와 같은 κ°•λ„λ‘œ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€μš”.
02:53
or lack of emotional support,
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likely play a role in determining who will experience PTSD.
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이런 증상이 ν•œ 달 이상 μ§€μ†λ˜λ©΄ 보톡 PTSD둜 μ§„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
But the underlying cause is still a medical mystery.
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μœ μ „μ  μš”μΈ
κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 슀트레슀
그리고 기쑴의 μ •μ‹  μ§ˆν™˜ 같은 λ§Žμ€ μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€
03:04
A major challenge of coping with PTSD is sensitivity to triggers,
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λ˜λŠ” 감정적 μ§€μ§€μžμ˜ 뢀쑱은
PTSDλ₯Ό 앓을 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ†’μ΄λŠ”λ° ν•œ λͺ«μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
physical and emotional stimuli
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03:11
that the brain associates with the original trauma.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 근본적인 원인은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ˜ν•™μ μΈ λ―ΈμŠ€ν„°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
These can be everyday sensations that aren’t inherently dangerous
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PTSD와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 점 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
03:18
but prompt powerful physical and emotional reactions.
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μ›λž˜μ˜ νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆμ™€ μ—°κ΄€λœ 물리적, 감정적인 μžκ·Ήμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ―Όκ°μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
For example, the smell of a campfire
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03:24
could evoke the memory of being trapped in a burning house.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έ 자체둜 μ „ν˜€ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΌμƒμ˜ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ΄
03:28
For someone with PTSD,
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03:30
that memory activates the same neurochemical cascade
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맀우 κ²©λ ¬ν•œ 신체적, 감정적 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ λ°œμ‹œν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
03:33
as the original event.
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03:35
That then stirs up the same feelings of panic and helplessness
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μΊ ν”„νŒŒμ΄μ–΄μ˜ λƒ„μƒˆλŠ”
ν™”μž¬κ°€ λ‚œ 집에 κ°‡ν˜”λ˜ 기얡을 μƒκΈ°μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
as if they’re experiencing the trauma all over again.
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PTSDλ₯Ό μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ
03:43
Trying to avoid these triggers, which are sometimes unpredictable,
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κ·Έ 기얡은 사고 λ•Œμ™€ 같은 신경화학적 μ—°μ†λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
can lead to isolation.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ•Œ 느꼈던 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 곡황과 무λ ₯감을 감정을 λ‹€μ‹œ 느끼게 λ˜μ§€μš”.
03:49
That can leave people feeling invalidated,
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03:51
ignored,
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03:52
or misunderstood,
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그듀이 트라우마λ₯Ό 또 λ‹€μ‹œ κ²ͺ게 될 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
like a pause button has been pushed on their lives
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03:56
while the rest of the world continues around them.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 예츑이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 이런 μžκ·Ήλ“€μ„ ν”Όν•˜λ €λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄
03:59
But, there are options.
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슀슀둜λ₯Ό κ³ λ¦½μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
If you think you might be suffering from PTSD,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ λΆ€μ •λ‹Ήν–ˆλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
04:04
the first step is an evaluation with a mental health professional
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λ¬΄μ‹œλ‹Ήν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λŠλΌκ±°λ‚˜
닡닡함을 λŠλΌκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
마치 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμ—λŠ” μ •μ§€ λ²„νŠΌμ΄ λˆŒλŸ¬μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
04:07
who can direct you towards the many resources available.
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μžμ‹ μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ 세상은 잘 λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Psychotherapy can be very effective for PTSD,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μ„ νƒμ§€λŠ” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
helping patients better understand their triggers.
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당신이 PTSDλ₯Ό μ•“λŠ”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:17
And certain medications can make symptoms more manageable,
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첫 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” μ •μ‹  건강 μ „λ¬Έμ˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
as can self- care practices, like mindfulness and regular exercise.
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μ „λ¬Έμ˜λ“€μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λŒ€μ²˜λ°©λ²•μ„ μ œμ‹œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹¬λ¦¬μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” PTSD에 맀우 효과적일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
What if you notice signs of PTSD in a friend or family member?
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ μžκ·Ήμš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 이해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μš°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:29
Social support, acceptance, and empathy are key to helping and recovery.
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그리고 νŠΉμ • 약물듀도 증상을 더 λ‹€λ£° 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Let them know you believe their account of what they’re experiencing,
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ§ˆμŒμ±™κΉ€κ³Ό κ·œμΉ™μ μΈ μš΄λ™μ²˜λŸΌ 자기 λŒλ΄„μ˜ μŠ΅κ΄€λ„ 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
and that you don’t blame them for their reactions.
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μΉœκ΅¬λ‚˜ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ PTSD증상이 보인닀면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•  κ±΄κ°€μš”?
04:39
If they’re open to it,
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04:40
encourage them to seek evaluation and treatment.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ§€μ§€, 인정, 그리고 곡감은 도움과 νšŒλ³΅μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ—΄μ‡ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
PTSD has been called β€œthe hidden wound”
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04:46
because it comes without outward physical signs.
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이듀이 λŠλΌλŠ” 감정에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
04:49
But even if it’s an invisible disorder, it doesn’t have to be a silent one.
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λΉ„λ‚œν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
λ§Œμ•½ 그듀이 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
그듀이 진단과 치료λ₯Ό 받을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ²©λ €ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
PTSDλŠ” "μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ μƒμ²˜"라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”λ°
κ²‰μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 신체적인 μ‹ ν˜Έ 없이 λ‹€κ°€μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것이라고 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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