3 tips on how to study effectively

5,648,150 views ・ 2023-10-12

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeona Seo κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
During their training,
0
7253
1251
수련 쀑인 μ „κ³΅μ˜λ“€μ€ ν›—λ‚  생λͺ…을 살리기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν• 
00:08
medical residents learn countless techniques, surgeries, and procedures
1
8504
4505
μˆ˜μ—†μ΄ λ§Žμ€ 기술과 수술, 그리고 μ ˆμ°¨λ“€μ„ λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
which they’ll later use to save lives.
2
13009
2335
00:15
Being able to remember these skills
3
15470
2377
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것은
00:17
can quite literally be a matter of life and death.
4
17847
2920
말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ‚Άκ³Ό 죽음의 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
With this in mind, a 2006 research study took a class of surgical residents
5
20892
5505
이것을 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•œ 2006λ…„μ˜ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
동λ§₯ 봉합을 λ°°μš°λŠ” μ™Έκ³Ό μ „κ³΅μ˜λ“€μ„ 두 μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
learning to suture arteries and split them into two groups.
6
26397
3921
00:30
Each received the same study materials,
7
30443
2628
각 κ°œμΈμ€ 같은 μˆ˜μ—… 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:33
but one group implemented a small change in how they studied them.
8
33071
4379
ν•œ 집단은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 곡뢀해야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” μž‘μ€ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:37
And when tested one month later,
9
37658
2086
ν•œ 달 ν›„ μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ
00:39
this group performed the surgeries significantly better
10
39744
3920
이 집단은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ „κ³΅μ˜λ“€λ³΄λ‹€
훨씬 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜κ²Œ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
than the other residents.
11
43664
1752
00:45
We’ll discuss the secret to that group’s success,
12
45500
2919
이제 이 μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ 성곡 비밀에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³Ό κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:48
along with two other highly effective study techniques
13
48419
3462
μˆ˜μ—… λ‚΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”
00:51
which can be applied both in and out of the classroom.
14
51881
3253
μ•„μ£Ό 효과적인 λ‹€λ₯Έ 두 가지 곡뢀 κΈ°μˆ λ„ ν•¨κ»˜μš”.
00:55
But to understand why these methods work,
15
55468
2461
이 기술이 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
00:57
let's first unpack how the brain learns and stores information.
16
57929
4713
첫 번째둜 λ‡Œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 배우고 정보λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Say you're trying to memorize the anatomy of the heart.
17
62975
3295
심μž₯의 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ™Έμš°λ € ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:06
When you’re introduced to a new concept,
18
66270
2294
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°œλ…μ„ μ ‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:08
the memory is temporarily encoded in groups of neurons
19
68564
3921
기얡은 ν•΄λ§ˆλΌλŠ” μ˜μ—­μ— μžˆλŠ” λ‡Œμ‹ κ²½ 세포 λ‹€λ°œμ—
01:12
in a brain area called the hippocampus.
20
72485
2544
μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν˜Έν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
As you continue to learn about workings of the heart
21
75363
2753
μˆ˜μ—… 쀑에 심μž₯ μž‘λ™μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:18
in class or study its chambers for an exam,
22
78116
3294
μ‹œν—˜μ„ λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 심μž₯의 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ©΄
01:21
you reactivate these same neurons.
23
81494
2711
이 μ‹ κ²½ 세포듀이 λ‹€μ‹œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
This repeated firing strengthens the connections between the cells,
24
84247
4421
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 반볡적인 μžκ·Ήμ€
세포 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³  기얡이 자리작게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
stabilizing the memory.
25
88668
1710
01:30
Gradually, the knowledge of heart anatomy is stored long-term,
26
90670
4129
μ μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ 심μž₯의 ꡬ쑰에 λŒ€ν•œ 지식은
01:34
which involves another brain area known as the neocortex.
27
94799
4338
λŒ€λ‡Œμ˜ μ‹ ν”Όμ§ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” μ˜μ—­μ— μž₯κΈ° κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
How information is transferred from short-term to long-term storage
28
99345
4505
정보가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 단기 κΈ°μ–΅μ—μ„œ μž₯κΈ° κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λŠ”μ§€λŠ”
01:43
is still not completely understood,
29
103850
2419
아직 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°ν˜€μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:46
but it’s thought to happen in between study sessions
30
106269
3003
곡뢀 μ‹œκ°„λ“€ 사이에 λ³€ν™˜λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:49
and perhaps most crucially during sleep.
31
109272
2878
κ°€μž₯ 유λ ₯ν•˜κ²ŒλŠ” 수면 쀑에 λ³€ν™˜λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Here the new knowledge is integrated with other related concepts you already know,
32
112400
4880
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 지식은 이미 μ•Œκ³  있던 κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ°œλ…λ“€κ³Ό ν†΅ν•©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
such as how to measure heart rate, or the anatomy of other organs.
33
117280
4462
심μž₯ 박동 수λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯기의 ꡬ쑰 같은 것 말이죠.
02:02
And the process doesn’t end there.
34
122160
2252
κ·Έ 과정은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Each time you recall heart anatomy, you reactivate the long-term memory,
35
124412
4671
심μž₯의 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦΄ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μž₯κΈ° 기얡이 λ‹€μ‹œ ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•΄μ„œ
02:09
which makes it susceptible to change.
36
129250
2252
λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 받아듀이기 μ‰¬μ›Œμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
The knowledge can be updated, strengthened,
37
131502
2461
지식은 κ°±μ‹ λ˜κ³ , 강해지고
02:13
and reintegrated with other pieces of information.
38
133963
3462
λ‹€λ₯Έ 정보듀과 μž¬ν†΅ν•©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
This is where our first study technique comes in.
39
137717
2919
μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 첫 번째 기술이 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Testing yourself with flashcards and quizzes
40
140970
3045
ν•™μŠ΅ μΉ΄λ“œμ™€ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ 슀슀둜 확인해 λ³΄λŠ” 것은
02:24
forces you to actively retrieve knowledge,
41
144015
2752
λŠ₯λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 지식을 νšŒμƒν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ 
02:26
which updates and strengthens the memory.
42
146767
2503
기얡을 κ°±μ‹ ν•˜κ³  κ°•ν™”ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Students often prefer other study methods,
43
149645
2878
학생듀은 ν”νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법듀을 μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:32
like rereading textbooks and highlighting notes.
44
152523
3003
ꡐ재λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ½κ±°λ‚˜ λ…ΈνŠΈμ— 밑쀄을 μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
But these practices can generate a false sense of competence,
45
155526
4046
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방법은 λ°”λ‘œ λˆˆμ•žμ— 정보가 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:39
since the information is right in front of you.
46
159572
2461
λ‹€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 거짓 λŠλ‚Œμ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Testing yourself, however,
47
162116
1627
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 슀슀둜 μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ³΄λŠ” 것은
02:43
allows you to more accurately gauge what you actually know.
48
163743
3712
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 무엇을 μ•„λŠ”μ§€ 더 μ •ν™•νžˆ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όμ§€μš”.
02:47
But what if, while doing this, you can’t remember the answers?
49
167663
3796
그런데 도쀑에 정닡이 μƒκ°λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:51
Not to worryβ€”
50
171709
1043
κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
02:52
making mistakes can actually improve learning in the long term.
51
172835
4338
사싀 μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” μž₯기적으둜 ν•™μŠ΅μ„ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
It’s theorized that as you rack your brain for the answer,
52
177298
3545
정닡을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄λ‚΄λ €κ³  μ• λ₯Ό μ“Έ λ•Œ
03:00
you activate relevant pieces of knowledge.
53
180843
2628
κ΄€λ ¨λœ 정보듀을 λ˜μƒˆκΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Then, when the correct answer is later revealed,
54
183512
2795
그러고 λ‚˜μ„œ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 닡을 μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:06
the brain can better integrate this information with what you already know.
55
186307
3962
λ‡ŒλŠ” 이 정보와 이미 μ•Œκ³  있던 정보λ₯Ό 더 잘 ν†΅ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Our second technique builds on the first.
56
190603
2753
두 번째 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 첫 번째 기술이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
When using flashcards to study, it's best to mix the deck with multiple subjects.
57
193356
5297
ν€΄μ¦ˆ μΉ΄λ“œλ‘œ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œμ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 주제둜 μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ„žλŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Interleaving, or mixing the concepts you focus on in a single session,
58
198653
4754
ν•œλ²ˆμ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 κ°œλ…λ“€μ„ μ„žκ±°λ‚˜ λΌμ›Œλ„£μœΌλ©΄
03:23
can lead to better retention than practicing a single skill
59
203407
3838
ν•œ λ²ˆμ— ν•œ 가지 μ£Όμ œλ‚˜ ν•œ 가지 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀
더 잘 κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
or topic at a time.
60
207245
1626
03:28
One hypothesis of why this works is that, similar to testing,
61
208913
4129
이게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ΄μœ μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ν•œ κ°€μ„€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œν—˜κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ
03:33
cycling through different subjects forces your brain to temporarily forget,
62
213042
4630
λ‹€λ₯Έ 주제λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 것은 λ‡Œκ°€ μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ 정보λ₯Ό μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ³ 
03:37
then retrieve information, further strengthening the memory.
63
217672
3545
λ‹€μ‹œ 뢈러옴으둜써 기얡을 더 κ°•ν™”ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
You may also find connections across the topics,
64
221259
3169
그러면 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ£Όμ œλ“€ κ°„μ˜ 연관성을 찾을 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
03:44
and better understand their differences.
65
224428
2294
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό 더 잘 이해할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:46
Now that you know how and what to study, our final technique concerns when.
66
226889
5297
무엇을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 곡뢀해야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄€μœΌλ‹ˆ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 관문인 β€˜μ–Έμ œβ€™λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:52
Spacing your review across multiple days
67
232812
3128
λ©°μΉ  간격을 두고 λ³΅μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜λ©΄
03:55
allows for rest and sleep between sessions.
68
235940
3211
각 볡슡 사이에 νœ΄μ‹κ³Ό μˆ˜λ©΄μ„ μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
While β€œoffline,” the brain is actively at work,
69
239277
3670
β€˜μ‰¬κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œβ€™ λ‡ŒλŠ” ν™œλ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌν•˜κ³ 
04:02
storing and integrating knowledge in the neocortex.
70
242947
3503
μ‹ ν”Όμ§ˆμ— 지식을 μ €μž₯ν•˜κ³  ν†΅ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
So while cramming the night before the exam may seem logicalβ€”
71
246450
3754
μ‹œν—˜ ν•˜λ£¨ 전에 벼락치기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 보일 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:10
after all, won’t the material be fresh in your mind?β€”
72
250204
2878
κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것듀이 μƒˆλ‘­μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:13
the information won’t stick around for the long term.
73
253082
3420
κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 정보듀은 μž₯기적으둜 기얡에 남지 μ•Šκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
This brings us back to our medical residents.
74
257128
2878
이 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ•žμ„œ λ³Έ μ „κ³΅μ˜λ“€μ—κ²Œ λŒ€μž…ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:20
Both groups studied the surgery for the same amount of time.
75
260172
3379
두 집단 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Yet one group’s training was crammed in a single day,
76
263551
3628
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•œ 집단은 ν•˜λ£¨ λ§Œμ— 벼락치기λ₯Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
04:27
while the other more successful group’s training was spread over four weeks.
77
267388
4421
λ‹€λ₯Έ 집단은 4주에 걸쳐 κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλŠ”λ° 더 μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
04:32
The reason all three of these study techniques work
78
272310
3003
이 μ„Έ 가지 곡뢀 기술이 효과적인 μ΄μœ λŠ”
04:35
is because they’re designed with the brain in mind.
79
275313
2836
λ‡Œλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
They complement and reinforce the incredible way the brain works,
80
278274
4254
이 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ€ λ‡Œκ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 방식을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κ³  κ°•ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
sorting through and storing the abundance of information
81
282528
3378
λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” ν’λΆ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό λ‚ λ§ˆλ‹€ μ •λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
04:45
it’s fed day after day.
82
285906
1919
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7