Why do we dream? - Amy Adkins

8,722,561 views ・ 2015-12-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Saechan Park κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:06
In the third millenium BCE,
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기원전 3000λ…„ 경에
00:08
Mesopotamian kings recorded and interpreted their dreams on wax tablets.
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λ©”μ†Œν¬νƒ€λ―Έμ•„μ˜ 왕듀은 λ°€λž νŒμ— κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κΏˆμ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ³  ν•΄μ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
A thousand years later,
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κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 천 λ…„ 후에
00:15
Ancient Egyptians wrote a dream book
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κ³ λŒ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈλ“€μ€
00:17
listing over a hundred common dreams and their meanings.
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100가지가 λ„˜λŠ” 꿈과 κ·Έ 해석을 담은 책을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
And in the years since,
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κ·Έ ν›„λΆ€ν„°
00:21
we haven't paused in our quest to understand why we dream.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΏˆμ„ κΎΈλŠ” μ΄μœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 탐ꡬλ₯Ό λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
So, after a great deal of scientific research,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 연ꡬ와
00:28
technological advancement,
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기술적인 진보
00:29
and persistence,
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끈질긴 λ…Έλ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
00:31
we still don't have any definite answers, but we have some interesting theories.
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아직 λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 닡을 찾지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” 이둠듀을 λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:36
We dream to fulfill our wishes.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ„ 이루기 μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
In the early 1900s,
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1900λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆμ—
00:42
Sigmund Freud proposed that while all of our dreams, including our nightmares,
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μ§€κ·Έλ¬ΈνŠΈ ν”„λ‘œμ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ•…λͺ½μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  κΏˆλ“€μ΄
00:46
are a collection of images from our daily conscious lives,
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μΌμƒμ—μ„œ λ³΄μ•˜λ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μŒμ΄λ©°
00:49
they also have symbolic meanings,
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상징적인 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 있고
00:51
which relate to the fulfillment of our subconscious wishes.
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것과 연관이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Freud theorized that everything we remember when we wake up from a dream
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ν”„λ‘œμ΄νŠΈλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΏˆμ—μ„œ 깼을 λ•Œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
00:59
is a symbolic representation
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ˜ μ›μ‹œμ  생각, 좩동, μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό
01:01
of our unconscious primitive thoughts, urges, and desires.
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μƒμ§•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 이둠을 μ„Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Freud believed that by analyzing those remembered elements,
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ν”„λ‘œμ΄νŠΈλŠ” 기얡에 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
01:08
the unconscious content would be revealed to our conscious mind,
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 생각듀이 μ˜μ‹μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 있으며
01:12
and psychological issues stemming from its repression
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ–΅μ œν•΄μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λ˜λŠ” 심리적 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄
01:14
could be addressed and resolved.
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닀뀄지고 ν•΄μ†Œλ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
We dream to remember.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
To increase performance on certain mental tasks,
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정신적 업무 λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:23
sleep is good,
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μžλŠ” 것은 μ’‹μ§€λ§Œ
01:24
but dreaming while sleeping is better.
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μžλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ κΏˆμ„ κΎΈλŠ” 것은 더 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
In 2010, researchers found
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2010년에 이루어진 ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
01:28
that subjects were much better at getting through a complex 3-D maze
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μžλ©΄μ„œ λ―Έλ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΏˆμ„ κΎΌ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
01:32
if they had napped and dreamed of the maze prior to their second attempt.
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μž…μ²΄ 미둜λ₯Ό 훨씬 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜κ²Œ 톡과할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
In fact, they were up to ten times better at it
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κΉ¨μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ— 미둜λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λ‚˜
01:39
than those who only thought of the maze while awake between attempts,
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μž μ„ μž€μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΏˆμ„ κΎΈμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
01:44
and those who napped but did not dream about the maze.
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μ—΄ λ°°λŠ” 더 잘 ν•΄κ²°ν–ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
01:48
Researchers theorize that certain memory processes
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연ꡬ원듀은 νŠΉμ •ν•œ κΈ°μ–΅ 과정듀이
01:51
can happen only when we are asleep,
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μž μ„ μžλŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ—λ§Œ 일어날 수 있으며
01:53
and our dreams are a signal that these processes are taking place.
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κΏˆμ€ κ·Έ 과정듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜ΈλΌκ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
We dream to forget.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 잊기 μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‡Œ μ†μ—λŠ” 무렀 1κ²½μ—¬ 개의
02:02
There are about 10,000 trillion neural connections
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02:05
within the architecture of your brain.
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μ‹ κ²½ 연결이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
They are created by everything you think and everything you do.
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이 연결듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μƒκ°μ΄λ‚˜ 행동을 ν•  λ•Œ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
A 1983 neurobiological theory of dreaming, called reverse learning,
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'μ—­ν•™μŠ΅'μ΄λΌλŠ” 1983λ…„μ˜ 신경생물학 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
02:15
holds that while sleeping, and mainly during REM sleep cycles,
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μž μ„ μžλ©΄μ„œ, 특히 렘 수면 쀑에
02:19
your neocortex reviews these neural connections
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μ‹ ν”Όμ§ˆμ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연결듀을 κ²€ν† ν•˜κ³ 
02:22
and dumps the unnecessary ones.
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λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 연결듀을 μ œκ±°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Without this unlearning process,
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꿈 μ†μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•™μŠ΅ ν•΄μ†Œ 과정이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
02:27
which results in your dreams,
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02:28
your brain could be overrun by useless connections
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머리가 μ“Έλ°μ—†λŠ” μ—°κ²°λ‘œ 가득찰 수 있고
02:31
and parasitic thoughts could disrupt the necessary thinking
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κΉ¨μ–΄μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” ν•„μš”ν•œ 생각을
02:34
you need to do while you're awake.
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λ°©ν•΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
We dream to keep our brains working.
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λ‡Œκ°€ 제 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆκΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
The continual activation theory proposes that your dreams result
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지속적 ν™œμ„±ν™” 이둠에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄
κΏˆμ€ μž₯κΈ° 기얡을 계속 ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κ³  λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ μš”κ΅¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
from your brain's need to constantly consolidate and create long-term memories
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λ‡Œκ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 것이죠.
02:51
in order to function properly.
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02:53
So when external input falls below a certain level,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μž μ„ 잘 λ•Œμ²˜λŸΌ
02:55
like when you're asleep,
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μ™ΈλΆ€ 자극이 νŠΉμ • μˆ˜μ€€ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 떨어지면
λ‡ŒλŠ” μžλ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ μ €μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ
02:57
your brain automatically triggers
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02:58
the generation of data from its memory storages,
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데이터λ₯Ό μƒμ„±μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
which appear to you in the form of the thoughts and feelings
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이것이 κΏˆμ—μ„œ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ”
μƒκ°μ΄λ‚˜ κ°μ •μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ£ .
03:04
you experience in your dreams.
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03:06
In other words,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말해,
03:07
your dreams might be a random screen saver your brain turns on
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κΏˆμ€ λ‡Œκ°€ μΌœλŠ” ν™”λ©΄ 보호기 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
so it doesn't completely shut down.
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λ‡ŒλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ 꺼지지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
We dream to rehearse.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œ 상황에 λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μœ„ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν˜‘μ μΈ 상황은 꿈 μ†μ—μ„œ 자주 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Dreams involving dangerous and threatening situations are very common,
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03:21
and the primitive instinct rehearsal theory
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λ³ΈλŠ₯적 λ¦¬ν—ˆμ„€ 이둠은
03:24
holds that the content of a dream is significant to its purpose.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΏˆλ“€μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Whether it's an anxiety-filled night of being chased through the woods by a bear
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숲 μ†μ—μ„œ κ³°μ—κ²Œ μ«“κΈ°λŠ” λ‘λ €μš΄ 밀이든
03:31
or fighting off a ninja in a dark alley,
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μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 골λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ‹Œμžμ™€ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” κΏˆμ΄λ“ 
03:34
these dreams allow you to practice your fight or flight instincts
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΏˆλ“€μ€ μ‹Έμš°κ±°λ‚˜ λ„λ§μΉ˜λŠ” λ³ΈλŠ₯을 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
03:37
and keep them sharp and dependable in case you'll need them in real life.
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μ‹€μƒν™œμ—μ„œ 이 λ³ΈλŠ₯이 μ˜ˆλ―Όν•˜κ³  μ‹ λ’°μ„± 있게 μž‘λ™ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
But it doesn't always have to be unpleasant.
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이런 κΏˆλ“€μ΄ 항상 λΆˆμΎŒν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
For instance, dreams about your attractive neighbor
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 맀λ ₯적인 이웃에 κ΄€ν•œ κΏˆμ€
03:46
could actually give your reproductive instinct some practice, too.
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생식 λ³ΈλŠ₯을 μ—°μŠ΅ν•  기회λ₯Ό 쀄 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
03:50
We dream to heal.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νšŒλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Stress neurotransmitters in the brain are much less active
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슀트레슀 κ΄€λ ¨ μ‹ κ²½ 전달 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€
03:57
during the REM stage of sleep,
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렘수면 μƒνƒœμΌ λ•Œ
03:59
even during dreams of traumatic experiences,
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νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κΏˆμ„ κΏ€ λ•Œλ„ 덜 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
leading some researchers to theorize
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ 연ꡬ원듀은
04:04
that one purpose of dreaming is to take the edge off painful experiences
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κΏˆμ„ κΎΈλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 정신적 치료λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
04:08
to allow for psychological healing.
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κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ™„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것이라 μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Reviewing traumatic events in your dreams with less mental stress
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μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€κ°€ 적은 꿈 μ†μ—μ„œ 트라우마 상황을 μž¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:13
may grant you a clearer perspective
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더 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 관점을 μ£Όκ³ 
04:16
and enhanced ability to process them in psychologically healthy ways.
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μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν‚€μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
People with certain mood disorders and PTSD often have difficulty sleeping,
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μ •μ„œμž₯애와 PTSDλ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 자주 수면μž₯μ• λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ”λ°
04:25
leading some scientists to believe that lack of dreaming
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ κ³Όν•™μžλŠ” κΏˆκΎΈλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ λ‹€λŠ” 것이
04:28
may be a contributing factor to their illnesses.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μž₯μ•  μš”μΈμ΄ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
We dream to solve problems.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²°μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κΏˆμ„ κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
Unconstrained by reality and the rules of conventional logic,
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ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό ν‰λ²”ν•œ 논리에 μ œμ•½μ„ 받지 μ•Šκ³ 
04:40
in your dreams, your mind can create limitless scenarios
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κΏˆμ†μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμŒμ€ 문제 해결을 돕기 μœ„ν•œ
04:43
to help you grasp problems
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λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
04:45
and formulate solutions that you may not consider while awake.
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κΉ¨μ–΄μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ— μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 해결책듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
John Steinbeck called it the committee of sleep,
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μ‘΄ μŠ€νƒ€μΈλ²‘μ€ 이것을 '꿈 μœ„μ›νšŒ' 라고 이름뢙이고
04:51
and research has demonstrated
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연ꡬ원듀은 κΏˆμ„ κΎΈλŠ” 것이
04:53
the effectiveness of dreaming on problem solving.
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λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²°μ— νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μž…μ¦ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
It's also how renowned chemist August Kekule
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λ˜ν•œ 유λͺ…ν•œ ν™”ν•™μž μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€νŠΈ 케쿨은
04:58
discovered the structure of the benzene molecule,
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λ²€μ   λΆ„μžμ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ 
05:01
and it's the reason that sometimes the best solution for a problem
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 문제 ν•΄κ²°μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은
05:05
is to sleep on it.
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μž μ„ μžλŠ” 것이라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
And those are just a few of the more prominent theories.
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이것은 주된 이둠의 λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
As technology increases our capability for understanding the brain,
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기술이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‡Œλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 높여주기에
05:13
it's possible that one day
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ”
05:15
we will discover the definitive reason for them.
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κΏˆμ„ κΎΈλŠ” ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 이유λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
But until that time arrives, we'll just have to keep on dreaming.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ € 계속 κΏˆμ„ κΏ€ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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