What is obesity? - Mia Nacamulli

1,102,921 views ・ 2016-06-30

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sungho Yoo κ²€ν† : Katherine Cho
00:08
The most basic function of bodily fat is self-storage of food reserves.
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신체 μ§€λ°©μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 κΈ°λŠ₯은 μ˜μ–‘λΆ„ μ €μž₯λŠ₯λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
In prehistoric times, natural selection favored genotypes
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μ„ μ‚¬μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μžμ—°μ„ νƒμ€ ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ 이겨내기 μœ„ν•΄
00:15
that could endure harsh conditions by stocking the most fat.
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지방을 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 많이 μ €μž₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ „μžν˜•μ„ μ„ ν˜Έν–ˆμ£ .
00:19
With chronic malnutrition being the norm for most of human history,
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인λ₯˜ 역사 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„, λ§Œμ„± μ˜μ–‘κ²°ν•μ΄ μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:23
genetics evolved to favor fat storage.
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지방 μ €μž₯을 μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λ„λ‘ μ§„ν™”ν•œ 것이죠.
00:26
So when did body fat become problematic?
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그럼 체내지방은 μ–Έμ œλΆ€ν„° 문제되기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:29
The negative impacts of being overweight were not even noted in medical literature
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18μ„ΈκΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ” λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ 뢀정적 영ν–₯이 μ˜ν•™ μ„œμ λ“€μ—μ„œ
00:33
until as late as the 18th century.
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μ–ΈκΈ‰μ‘°μ°¨ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
Then, technological advances coupled with public health measures
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그리곀 곡쀑 μœ„μƒ λ²•μ•ˆ μ œμ •κ³Ό 기술의 λ°œμ „μ΄
00:40
resulted in the betterment of the quantity, quality, and variety of food.
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μŒμ‹μ˜ μ–‘, 질, 그리고 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ λ°œμ „μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λƒˆμ£ .
00:45
Sustained abundance of good food enabled a healthier population
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쒋은 μŒμ‹μ˜ μ§€μ†λœ 풍뢀함은 인ꡬ가 λ”μš± κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ³ 
00:49
to boom economically.
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λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ§€λŠ”λ° 큰 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Output increased, and with it, leisure time
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μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ΄ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬κ³ , 그와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ—¬κ°€μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό
00:54
and waistlines.
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ν—ˆλ¦¬ λ‘˜λ ˆκ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μ£ .
00:56
By the mid 19th century, being excessively overweight, or obese,
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19μ„ΈκΈ° μ€‘λ°˜μ— 이λ₯΄λŸ¬ λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ 건강에 μ•…μ˜ν–₯을
01:00
was recognized as a cause of ill health,
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λΌμΉœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀이 μ•Œλ €μ‘Œκ³ 
01:04
and another century later, declared deadly.
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ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ°λ’€μ—”, 치λͺ…적이라고 μΈμ‹λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
What is the distinction between being overweight and being obese?
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그럼 과체쀑과 λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:12
A calculation called the BMI breaks it down for us.
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 BMIλΌλŠ” 계산방법에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
For example, if someone weighs 65 kilgorams
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ§Œμ•½ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œκ°€ 65 kg이고
01:20
and is 1.5 meters tall,
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ν‚€κ°€ 1.5 m라면
01:22
they have a BMI of about 29.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 29μ •λ„μ˜ BMIλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Obesity is a condition of excess body fat
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λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λž€ κ³Όλ„ν•œ μ²΄μ§€λ°©μ˜ μ§ˆν™˜μ΄λ©°
01:29
that occurs when a person's BMI is above 30,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ BMIκ°€ 과체쀑인 25와 29.9보닀 쑰금 더 높은
01:32
just over the overweight range of 25 to 29.9.
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30보닀 높을 λ•Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
While BMI can be a helpful estimate of healthy weight,
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비둝 BMIλŠ” κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œμ˜ μΆ”μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό 내릴 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ΅ν•œ λ„κ΅¬μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:41
actual body fat percentage can only really be determined
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μ‹€μ œ 체지방λ₯ μ€
01:44
by also considering information like waist circumference
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ν—ˆλ¦¬λ‘˜λ ˆλ‚˜ 근윑 μ§ˆλŸ‰κ°™μ€ 정보λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ ν›„μ—λ‚˜
01:47
and muscle mass.
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계산할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Athletes, for instance, have a naturally higher BMI.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μš΄λ™μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” μžμ—°νžˆ 비ꡐ적 높은 BMIλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
So how does a person become obese?
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그럼 λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ 원인은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:56
At its most basic, obesity is caused by energy imbalance.
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기본적으둜, λΉ„λ§Œμ€ μ˜ˆλ„ˆμ§€ λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ—μ„œ κΈ°μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
If the energy input from calories
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ν‘μˆ˜ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŸ‰μ΄
02:03
is greater than the energy output from physical activity,
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신체 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œλͺ¨ν•œ μ˜ˆλ„ˆμ§€μ–‘λ³΄λ‹€ λ§Žμ„ λ•Œ
02:06
the body stores the extra calories as fat.
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λͺΈμ€ κ·Έ 남은 칼둜리λ₯Ό μ§€λ°©μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯ν•˜μ£ .
02:10
In most cases, this imbalance comes from a combination of circumstances
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우, 이 λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬ 상황과 κ²°μ •μ˜ κ²°ν•©μ—μ„œ
02:14
and choices.
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κΈ°μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Adults should be getting at least 2.5 hours of exercise each week,
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성인듀은 맀주 μ΅œμ†Œ 2.5μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μš΄λ™μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ°€μ Έμ•Όν•˜λ©°
02:21
and children a whole hour per day.
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아이듀은 맀일 ν•œμ‹œκ°„μ”© μš΄λ™μ„ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
But globally, one in four adults and eight out of ten adolescents
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ, 성인 8λͺ… 쀑 4λͺ…, 그리고 μ²­μ†Œλ…„ 10λͺ…쀑 8λͺ…은
02:28
aren't active enough.
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μš΄λ™ 뢀쑱이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Calorie-dense processed foods and growing portion sizes
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칼둜리 높은 가곡 μ‹ν’ˆλ“€, μ»€μ§€λŠ” 1인뢄 μ œκ³΅λŸ‰
02:33
coupled with pervasive marketing
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그리고 λ§Œμ—°ν•˜λŠ” λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ…μ€
02:35
lead to passive overeating.
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μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ κ³Όμ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
And scarce resources,
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그리고 μžμ› λΆ€μ‘±κ³Ό
02:39
and a lack of access to healthy, affordable foods
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ν•©λ‹Ήν•œ κ°€κ²©μ˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹ν’ˆμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  기회의 뢀쑱은
02:42
creates an even greater risk in disadvantaged communities.
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λΉˆκ³€ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—κ² λ”μš± 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
Yet, our genetic makeup also plays a part.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우리의 μœ μ „μž ꡬ성 λ˜ν•œ λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ 원인 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Studies on families and on separated twins
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κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό λ”°λ‘œ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μ‚¬λŠ” 쌍λ‘₯이듀을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 연ꡬ듀은
02:51
have shown a clear causal hereditary relationship to weight gain.
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μœ μ „κ³Ό 체쀑 μ¦κ°€μ˜ λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Recent studies have also found a link between obesity
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졜근 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λΉ„λ§Œκ³Ό μ†Œν™”κΈ°κ΄€μ— μ‚¬λŠ”
02:59
and variations in the bacteria species that live in our digestive systems.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 관계 λ˜ν•œ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
No matter the cause, obesity is an escalating global epidemic.
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원인에 상관없이, λΉ„λ§Œμ€ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 퍼지고 μžˆλŠ” μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ΄λ©°
03:09
It substantially raises the probability of diseases,
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당뇨병, 심μž₯병
03:12
like diabetes,
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ¦
03:14
heart disease,
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κ³ ν˜ˆμ••
03:15
stroke,
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그리고 μ•”κ³Ό 같은
03:16
high blood pressure,
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각쒅 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— μ·¨μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
and cancer.
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03:19
It affects virtually all ages, genders, and socioeconomic groups
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λΉ„λ§Œμ€ 선진ꡭ λ˜λŠ” κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  μ—°λ ΉλŒ€, 성별, 그리고
03:24
in both developed and developing countries.
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μ‚¬νšŒ 경제적 집단듀에 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
With a 60% rise in child obesity globally over just two decades,
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μ†Œμ•„λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ 60% μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμ„ 정도이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:32
the problem is too significant to ignore.
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이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ·Έμ € λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹¬κ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Once a person is obese, the climb to recovery becomes progressively steeper.
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일단 λΉ„λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ νŒμ •λ˜λ©΄, νšŒλ³΅μ„ ν–₯ν•œ 였λ₯΄λ§‰κΈΈμ€ 점점 κ°€νŒ”λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
Hormonal and metabolic changes reduce the body's response to overeating.
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호둜λͺ¬κ³Ό μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬ μž‘μš©μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ” 과식에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜λŠ” λͺΈμ˜ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ•½ν™”μ‹œν‚€μ£ .
03:45
After losing weight, a formerly overweight person burns less calories
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과거에 λΉ„λ§Œμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μš΄λ™μ„ 해도
03:50
doing the same exercises
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그와 같은 λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€
03:52
as a person who is naturally the same weight,
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더 적은 μ–‘μ˜ 칼둜리λ₯Ό μ†Œλͺ¨ν•΄μ„œ
03:55
making it much more difficult to shed the excess fat.
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ν•„μš”μ—†λŠ” 지방을 νƒœμš°λŠ” 것을 λ”μš± νž˜λ“€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
03:58
And as people gain weight,
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그리고 체쀑이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ κ°€μ¦λ˜λŠ”
04:00
damage to signaling pathways makes it increasingly difficult
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μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬μ²΄κ³„ 손상은 λ‡Œμ˜ μŒμ‹ μ„­μ·¨λŸ‰κ³Ό
04:03
for the brain to measure food intake and fat storage.
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지방 μ €μž₯λŸ‰ 츑정을 점점 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
There is, however, some evidence
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κΎΈμ€€ν•œ μŠ΅κ΄€ κ°œμ„ μ΄
04:08
that well-monitored, long-term changes in behavior
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λΉ„λ§Œ κ΄€λ ¨ 건강 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데
04:11
can lead to improvements in obesity-related health issues.
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큰 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 증거가 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
And weight loss from sustained lifestyle changes,
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그리고 κΎΈμ€€ν•œ μƒν™œ λ°©μ‹μ˜ λ³€ν™”
04:18
or invasive treatments like bariatric surgery,
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ν˜Ήμ€ λ°°λ¦¬μ• νŠΈλ¦­ 수술과 같은 μ™Έκ³Όμˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν†΅ν•œ
04:21
can improve insulin resistance and decrease inflammation.
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체쀑 κ°λŸ‰μ€ 인슐린 저항을 κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚€κ³  염증을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
What was once an advantage for survival is now working against us.
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ν•œλ•Œ 생쑴을 μœ„ν•œ μž₯점이 이제 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
As the world's population continues to slow down and get bigger,
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인ꡬ가 점점 λΉ„ν™œλ™μ μ΄κ³ , 뚱λ‘₯ν•΄μ§ˆ λ•Œ
04:33
moving and consciously eating our way towards a healthier weight
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적극적인 ν™œλ™κ³Ό, κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ˜μ‹μ μΈ λ…Έλ ₯은
04:37
is essential to our overall well-being.
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우리의 쒅합적인 행볡에 ν•„μˆ˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
And with the epidemic affecting every country in the world
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전세계 λͺ¨λ“  ꡭ가듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬νšŒκ²½μ œμ μΈ μ΄μœ λ“€λ‘œ
04:42
for different socioeconomic reasons,
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이 μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ˜ 영ν–₯을 받을 λ•Œ
04:45
obesity cannot be seen as an isolated issue.
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λΉ„λ§Œμ„ κ·Έμ € 동떨어진 문제둜만 λ³Όμˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
More global measures for prevention
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전세계 인ꡬ의 λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œλ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:50
are essential to manage the weight of the world.
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λΉ„λ§Œμ˜ˆλ°©μ„ μœ„ν•œ 세계적인 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ‹œκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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