What is obesity? - Mia Nacamulli

Translator: Arofat Akhundjanova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

The most basic function of bodily fat is self-storage of food reserves.

Tanadagi yog’ning asosiy vazifasi oziq-ovqat zaxiralarini saqlashdir.

In prehistoric times, natural selection favored genotypes

Qadimgi davrlarda yuqori yog' zaxiralari hisobiga og'ir sharoitlarga

that could endure harsh conditions by stocking the most fat.

bardosh bera oluvchi genotiplar tabiiy tanlanish jarayonida omon qolgan.

With chronic malnutrition being the norm for most of human history,

Surunkali to'yib ovqatlanmaslik insoniyat tarixida odatiy hol bo'lganligi sababli

genetics evolved to favor fat storage.

asta-sekin tanada yog' yig'ishga moyillik paydo bo'lgan.

So when did body fat become problematic?

Qachondan beri tanadagi yog' zaxirasi muammoga aylandi?

The negative impacts of being overweight were not even noted in medical literature

XVIII asrga qadar semizlikning salbiy oqibatlari haqida

until as late as the 18th century.

tibbiy adabiyotlarda hech qanday ma'lumot uchramaydi.

Then, technological advances coupled with public health measures

Keyinchalik, texnologiya taraqqiyoti va sog'liqni saqlash chora-tadbirlari

resulted in the betterment of the quantity, quality, and variety of food.

tufayli oziq-ovqat sifati, miqdori va uning xilma-xilligi yaxshilandi.

Sustained abundance of good food enabled a healthier population

Sifatli oziq-ovqatning mo'l-ko'lligi sog'lom aholining

to boom economically.

iqtisodiy rivojlanishiga imkon berdi.

Output increased, and with it, leisure time

Ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi va bu bilan birga bo'sh vaqt miqdori

and waistlines.

hamda bel aylanasi o’lchami ham oshdi.

By the mid 19th century, being excessively overweight, or obese,

XIX asrning o'rtalariga kelib, ortiqcha vazn yoki semizlik

was recognized as a cause of ill health,

sog'liq yomonlashganiga sabab sifatida ko'rsatila boshlandi.

and another century later, declared deadly.

Bir asr o'tgach esa uning o'limga olib kelishi mumkinligi aniqlandi.

What is the distinction between being overweight and being obese?

Ortiqcha vazn va semizlik o'rtasidagi farq nimada?

A calculation called the BMI breaks it down for us.

TVI – tana vazni indeksi orqali bunga javob topish mumkin.

For example, if someone weighs 65 kilgorams

Masalan, agar kishi vazni 65 kg,

and is 1.5 meters tall,

bo'yi 1,5 metr bo'lsa,

they have a BMI of about 29.

TVI taxminan 29 ni tashkil etadi.

Obesity is a condition of excess body fat

Semizlik tanadagi ortiqcha yog'larning mavjudligi bo'lib,

that occurs when a person's BMI is above 30,

bu odamda TVI darajasi 30 dan oshganda yuzaga keladi.

just over the overweight range of 25 to 29.9.

Ortiqcha vazn esa odatda 25-29,9 atrofida bo'ladi.

While BMI can be a helpful estimate of healthy weight,

TVI sog'lom vaznni aniqlash uchun foydali ko'rsatkich bo'lsa-da,

actual body fat percentage can only really be determined

yog'ning haqiqiy foizini faqat bel aylanasi

by also considering information like waist circumference

va mushak massasini

and muscle mass.

hisobga olgan holda aniqlash mumkin.

Athletes, for instance, have a naturally higher BMI.

Masalan, sportchilarda TVI darajasi doim yuqori bo'ladi.

So how does a person become obese?

Xo'sh, odam qanday qilib semiradi?

At its most basic, obesity is caused by energy imbalance.

Semizlik ko'pincha energiya nomutanosibligidan kelib chiqadi.

If the energy input from calories

Agar kaloriyadan hosil bo'lgan energiya miqdori

is greater than the energy output from physical activity,

jismoniy faoliyatga sarflangan energiya miqdoridan ko'p bo'lsa,

the body stores the extra calories as fat.

organizm ortiqcha kaloriyani yog' shaklida saqlay boshlaydi.

In most cases, this imbalance comes from a combination of circumstances

Ko'p hollarda bu nomutanosiblik turli shart-sharoit va

and choices.

inson tanlovi natijasida yuzaga keladi.

Adults should be getting at least 2.5 hours of exercise each week,

Kattalar jismoniy mashg'ulotlarga haftasiga kamida 2,5 soat,

and children a whole hour per day.

bolalar esa kuniga bir soatdan vaqt ajratishlari kerak.

But globally, one in four adults and eight out of ten adolescents

Ammo dunyo bo'ylab har to'rt kishidan bittasi va har o'nta boladan

aren't active enough.

sakkiztasi jismonan nofaol.

Calorie-dense processed foods and growing portion sizes

Kaloriyaga boy tayyor ovqatlar, ular hajmining ko'payishi hamda keng

coupled with pervasive marketing

yoyilgan marketing nofaol turmush tarzi

lead to passive overeating.

va ko’p ovqatlanishga olib keladi.

And scarce resources,

Resurslarning yetishmasligi,

and a lack of access to healthy, affordable foods

sifatli va arzon oziq-ovqat tanqisligi

creates an even greater risk in disadvantaged communities.

jamiyatning nochor qatlami uchun yanada katta xavf tug'diradi.

Yet, our genetic makeup also plays a part.

Ammo bizning genetik tuzilishimiz ham muhim rol o’ynaydi.

Studies on families and on separated twins

Oilalar va ajratilgan egizaklar bilan olib borilgan

have shown a clear causal hereditary relationship to weight gain.

izlanishlar irsiyat va vazn ortishi o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni aniqladi.

Recent studies have also found a link between obesity

So'nggi yillarda o'tkazilgan tadqiqotlar ham semizlik va hazm

and variations in the bacteria species that live in our digestive systems.

qilish tizimining bakterial tarkibidagi farqlar o'rtasidagi aloqani aniqladi.

No matter the cause, obesity is an escalating global epidemic.

Muammo sabablaridan qat'iy nazar, semizlik global epidemiyaga aylandi.

It substantially raises the probability of diseases,

U diabet,

like diabetes,

yurak kasalligi, insult,

heart disease,

yuqori qon bosimi

stroke,

va saraton kabi kasalliklarning

high blood pressure,

paydo bo'lish ehtimolini

and cancer.

sezilarli darajada oshiradi.

It affects virtually all ages, genders, and socioeconomic groups

U rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda jinsi, yoshi va ijtimoiy

in both developed and developing countries.

kelib chiqishidan qat'i nazar, barchaga ta'sir qilishi mumkin.

With a 60% rise in child obesity globally over just two decades,

So'nggi 20 yil ichida dunyo bo'ylab bolalarda semizlik darajasi 60 %ga oshdi,

the problem is too significant to ignore.

shu bois bu o'tkir muammoni e'tiborsiz qoldirib bo'lmaydi.

Once a person is obese, the climb to recovery becomes progressively steeper.

Kishi semirar ekan, uning vazn yo'qotishi yanada qiyinlashadi.

Hormonal and metabolic changes reduce the body's response to overeating.

Gormonal va metabolik o'zgarish sabab tana ko’p ovqatlanishga qarshilik qilolmaydi.

After losing weight, a formerly overweight person burns less calories

Semiz odam vazn yo'qotgach, vazni o'zgarmagan odam bilan

doing the same exercises

bir xil mashq bajarsa-da,

as a person who is naturally the same weight,

ozroq miqdorda kaloriya sarflaydi,

making it much more difficult to shed the excess fat.

bu esa ortiqcha yog'dan qutulishni qiyinlashtiradi.

And as people gain weight,

Vazn ortishi signal yuborish

damage to signaling pathways makes it increasingly difficult

yo'llarini shikastlab, ma'lumot uzatishga xalaqit beradi, miyaning iste'mol

for the brain to measure food intake and fat storage.

qilingan oziq-ovqat miqdori va yog' zaxirasini o'lchashi qiyinlashadi.

There is, however, some evidence

Inson uzoq vaqt davomida o'z

that well-monitored, long-term changes in behavior

xatti-harakatlarini qat'iy o'zgartirsa, semizlik bilan bog'liq

can lead to improvements in obesity-related health issues.

muammoni bartaraf etishi mumkinligi haqida ayrim dalillar mavjud.

And weight loss from sustained lifestyle changes,

Turmush tarzining doimiy o'zgarishi

or invasive treatments like bariatric surgery,

yoki bariatrik jarrohlik orqali vazn yo'qotish

can improve insulin resistance and decrease inflammation.

insulin faoliyatini yaxshilaydi va yallig'lanishni kamaytiradi.

What was once an advantage for survival is now working against us.

Bir paytlar omon qolish uchun bizga ustunlik bergan narsa hozir o'zimizga

As the world's population continues to slow down and get bigger,

qarshi ishlamoqda. Dunyo aholisi kamharakat bo'lib, vazni ortib borar ekan,

moving and consciously eating our way towards a healthier weight

faol harakat va oziq-ovqatga xushyorlik tana salomatligi uchun

is essential to our overall well-being.

zarur bo'lgan sog'lom vazn kalitidir.

And with the epidemic affecting every country in the world

Epidemiya turli xil ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy sabablarga ko'ra

for different socioeconomic reasons,

barcha dunyo mamlakatlarida tarqalayotgan

obesity cannot be seen as an isolated issue.

ekan, semizlik muammosini yolg'iz hal etib bo'lmaydi.

More global measures for prevention

Sayyoramiz aholisi vaznini yaxshilash uchun

are essential to manage the weight of the world.

dunyo bo'ylab zarur chora-tadbirlarni kuchaytirish zarur.