The legend of Annapurna, Hindu goddess of nourishment - Antara Raychaudhuri & Iseult Gillespie

3,847,704 views

2020-02-13 ใƒป TED-Ed


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The legend of Annapurna, Hindu goddess of nourishment - Antara Raychaudhuri & Iseult Gillespie

3,847,704 views ใƒป 2020-02-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:08
Lord Shivaโ€” primordial destroyer of evil, slayer of demons,
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ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื” -- ืžืฉืžื™ื“ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืงื“ื•ื, ืงื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื™ื,
00:13
protector, and omniscient observer of the universeโ€”
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ืžื’ืŸ, ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื --
00:17
was testing his wifeโ€™s patience.
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ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•.
00:19
Historically, the union between Shiva and Parvati was a glorious one.
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ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
00:25
They maintained the equilibrium between thought and action
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ื”ื ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”
ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื”.
00:29
on which the well-being of the world depended.
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00:31
Without Parvati as the agent of energy, growth, and transformation on Earth,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ื›ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:37
Shiva would become a detached observer, and the world would remain static.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฆื•ืคื” ืžื ื•ืชืง, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ืกื˜ื˜ื™.
00:42
But together, the two formed a divine union known as Ardhanarishvaraโ€“โ€“
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืื“ื”ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื•ืืจื” --
00:48
a sacred combination
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืงื“ื•ืฉ
00:49
which brought fertility and connection to all living things.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:54
For these reasons, Parvati was worshipped far and wide
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ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขืจืฆืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
00:57
as the mother of the natural worldโ€“โ€“
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ื›ืื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ --
00:59
and the essential counterpart to Shivaโ€™s powers of raw creation.
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช.
01:04
She oversaw humanityโ€™s material comforts;
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ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืงื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช;
01:07
and ensured that the Earthโ€™s inhabitants were bonded to each other
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™
01:12
physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
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ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
01:15
Yet a rift had grown between these two formidable forces.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืข ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:19
While Parvati sustained daily life with care and control,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืื’ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
01:24
Shiva had begun to belittle his wifeโ€™s essential workโ€”
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ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• --
01:28
and insisted on quarreling about their roles in the universe.
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ื•ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ื.
01:32
He believed that Brahma, the Creator of the world,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืื”ืžื”, ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:35
had conceived the material plane purely for his own fancy.
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ื”ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ.
01:40
And therefore, all material things were merely distractions called mฤyฤโ€”
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืžืื™ื” --
01:44
nothing but a cosmic illusion.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืœื™ื” ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช.
01:47
For millennia Parvati had merely smiled knowingly
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื”
01:51
as Shiva dismissed the things she nurtured.
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ื›ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื—ื”.
01:54
But upon His latest rebuke,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•,
01:56
she knew she had to prove the importance of her work
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”
01:59
once and for all.
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื•ืœืชืžื™ื“.
02:01
She took flight from the world,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืขื•ืคืคื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:03
withdrawing her half of the cosmic energy that kept the Earth turning.
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ืžืกื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
02:07
At her disappearance, a sudden, terrifying and all-encompassing scarcity
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ืขื ื”ืขืœืžื•ืชื”, ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืคืชืื•ืžื™, ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ
02:13
enveloped the world in eerie silence.
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ื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
02:16
Without Parvati, the land became dry and barren.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™, ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ืฉื—ื•ื ื”.
02:19
Rivers shrank and crops shriveled in the fields.
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ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืงืžืœื• ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช.
02:22
Hunger descended on humanity.
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ืจืขื‘ ื™ืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
02:25
Parents struggled to console their starving children
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื• ืœื ื—ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื
02:28
while their own stomachs rumbled.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืงืจืงืจื”.
02:30
With nothing to eat, people no longer gathered over heaped bowls of rice,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืชืืกืคื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืงืขืจื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ืื•ืจื–,
02:34
but withdrew and shrank from the darkening world.
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ืืœื ื”ืกืชื’ืจื• ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื• ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš.
02:37
To His shock and awe,
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ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•,
02:39
Shiva also felt the profound emptiness left by his wifeโ€™s absence.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉื—ืกืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• ื”ืฉืื™ืจื”.
02:44
Despite His supreme power,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•,
02:46
He too realized that He was not immune to the need for sustenance,
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ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื–ื ื”,
02:51
and His yearning felt bottomless and unbearable.
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ื•ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœืช.
02:54
As Shiva despaired over the desolate Earth,
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ื›ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงืข ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉื•ืžื,
02:57
He came to realize that the material world
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
03:00
could not be so easily dismissed.
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™.
03:03
At her husbandโ€™s epiphany,
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ืขื ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”,
03:05
the compassionate Parvati could no longer stand by
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ืคืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ ื”ืจื—ืžื ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:08
and watch her devotees wasting away.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื.
03:11
To walk among them and restore their health,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื,
03:13
she took the form of a new avatar,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ,
03:16
carrying a golden bowl of porridge and armed with a jewel-encrusted ladle.
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ื ื•ืฉืืช ืงืขืจืช ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืžื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆืงืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ.
03:22
As word of this hopeful figure spread,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืœืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื”,
03:24
she was worshipped as Annapurna, the Goddess of food.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืขืจืฆื” ื›ืื ืคื•ืจื ื”, ืืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
03:29
With the arrival of Annapurna, the world blossomed anew.
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ืขื ื”ื’ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืื ืคื•ืจื ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืคืจื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
03:33
People rejoiced at fertility and food, and communed together to give thanks.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื• ืžื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืืช ืชื•ื“ื”.
ื›ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืคื•ืจื ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืงืืฉื™,
03:39
Some believe that Annapurna first appeared in the sacred city of Kashi,
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03:43
or the Place of Freedom, on the banks of the Gangesโ€”
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ืื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื’ืก --
03:46
where she opened a kitchen to fill the bellies of the people
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ืฉื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื›ืจืกื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
03:50
until they could eat no more.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:52
But it was not only mere mortals who were served at her feast.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ืฉืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืฉืœื”.
03:56
Humbled at the scenes of earthly pleasure blooming all around him,
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ืขื ื™ื• ืžื”ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•,
04:00
Lord Shiva himself approached the goddess with an empty bowl
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ืœื•ืจื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืืœื” ืขื ืงืขืจื” ืจื™ืงื”
04:04
and begged for food and forgiveness.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
04:07
For this reason, the supreme deity is sometimes portrayed as a poor beggar
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืงื‘ืฆืŸ ืขื ื™
ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืคื•ืจื ื”;
04:12
at the mercy of Annapurna;
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04:14
holding her golden bowl in her left hand, while the right forms the abhaya mudraโ€“โ€“
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ืงืขืจืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื” --
04:19
a gesture of safety and assurance.
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
04:22
With these symbols, this powerful avatar makes it clear
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ืขื ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ
04:26
that the material world is anything but an illusion.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืœื™ื”.
04:29
Rather, it is a cycle of life that must be sustainedโ€”
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื --
ืžื”ืื›ืœืช ืคื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืจื•ืช,
04:33
from the feeding of open mouths and rumbling bellies,
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04:36
to the equilibrium of the Earth.
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ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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