The Secret Life of Plankton

2,065,878 views ใƒป 2012-04-02

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Orr Schlesinger ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
00:17
[Stories from the Sea]
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"ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ื"
"ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื“ื’ื™ื: ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ"
00:21
[Fish Tale My Secret Life as Plankton]
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
00:29
How did I get here?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ?
00:32
Well, it's a stranger story than you might think.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
00:37
I came from a world of drifters,
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื,
00:40
a place few humans have ever seen.
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ืžืงื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืจืื• ืžืขื•ืœื.
00:43
The world of plankton.
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ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:47
I came from a batch of a million eggs, and only a few of us survived.
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื,
ื›ืฉืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืจื“ื•.
00:55
When I became a larva, I moved among other drifters.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ื—ืœ,
ืฉื—ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
00:59
["Plankton" comes from the Greek "planktos" for wandering]
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ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืก" ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” "ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜".
01:08
My fellow plankton came in all sizes, from tiny algae and bacteria
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ืื—ื™ ื”ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
ืžื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื•ืช
01:13
to animals longer than a blue whale.
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ื•ืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
01:20
I shared my nursery with other embryos and juveniles,
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ื—ืœืงืชื™ ืืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
ืขื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:25
from clams and crabs to sea urchins and anemones.
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ืžืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื.
(ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ)
01:32
(High pitch sound)
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01:33
We drifting animals are called zooplankton.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืกื—ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ืงืจืื™ื ื–ื•ืื•ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ.
01:38
The most common animals here are copepods and krill.
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืŸ
ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืคื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ืœ.
01:43
(Buzzing)
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:46
You could search the world over,
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01:48
but you'd never find a place more diverse than my childhood home.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžืฆื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื“ืœืชื™.
01:53
A teaspoon of seawater
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ื›ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื™ื
01:55
can contain more than a million living creatures.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:01
It can be a pretty tough existence, though.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื–ื•.
02:04
Trillions are born here, but only a few make it to adulthood.
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ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืกื™ื›ื”,
02:14
He may be no larger than a pin head,
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02:16
but this crab larva is an arrow worm's worst nightmare.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื—ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื”ื—ืฅ.
02:22
(Bumping noises)
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(ืจืขืฉื™ ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ)
02:32
(Buzzing)
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02:35
Epic battles between carnivores like these are just one way to get food.
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ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
02:41
But the real powers of this place come from phytoplankton.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืคื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ:
ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“-ืชืื™
02:47
Single-celled life
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02:48
that transforms sunlight and carbon dioxide
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™
02:51
into edible gold.
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ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ื”ื‘.
03:00
Phytoplankton are the base for the largest food web in the world.
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ืคื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:06
During the night,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
03:08
many animals like me would rise up from the depths
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ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื
03:11
to feed on this sun-powered feast.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
(ืจืขืฉื™ ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ)
03:15
(Maraca sound)
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03:18
I was part of the largest daily migration of life on Earth.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:25
During the day,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:26
I'd return to the darkness, where I'd join my bizarre companions.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ืืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ืืจื™ื™ื.
(ืจืขืฉื™ ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ)
03:32
(High pitch buzz)
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03:34
(Flapping noises)
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03:35
Cannibals, like this sea butterfly mollusk,
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ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื™ื›ืช ืคืจืคืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื•,
03:38
that eats its next of kin.
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ืฉืื•ื›ืœืช ืืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”.
03:44
And comb jellies,
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ื•ืžืกืจืงื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื,
03:46
that beat cilia like rainbowed eyelashes.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืงืฉืช.
03:55
Some of these snare their prey with sticky tentacles,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืจืคื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช,
03:59
while others just take a bite out of their cousins.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืกื” ืžื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:05
And siphonophores
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ื•ืกื™ืคื•ื ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื
04:06
that catch prey with toxic fishing lures.
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ืฉืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคืชื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ ืจืขื™ืœื™ื.
04:15
But my favorite would have to be the crustacean Phronima.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
04:20
Its monstrous looks inspired the movie "Aliens."
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ืฉืžืจืื ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืกืจื˜ "ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™"
04:25
It can catch tiny bits in its bristles,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื–ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
04:28
but prefers larger prey like salps.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื˜ืจืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืชืจื ื™ื (ื˜ื•ื ื™ืงื˜ื•ืช).
04:34
With two sets of eyes, this female prowls the deeper water.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื.
04:41
Prey in hand,
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ืขื ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ื™ื“,
04:43
she performs one of the strangest behaviors
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ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:45
in the entire animal kingdom.
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04:50
With body parts from her victims,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื”,
04:53
she delicately assembles a barrel-like home
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื‘ื™ืช
04:56
feeding her young until they can drift off and survive on their own.
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ื•ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฆืืฆืื™ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืกื—ืฃ ื”ืœืื” ื•ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื.
05:04
Best of all, they make the perfect snack for a small fish like me.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื’ ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
05:12
Here among the plankton,
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ,
05:14
the food web is so tangled and complex,
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ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื•ืขืคืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
05:18
even scientists don't know who eats whom.
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ืžื™.
05:23
But I do.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
05:28
At least now you know a bit of my story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™.
05:32
There's so much more to me than just a tasty meal.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื”.
ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™: ื˜ื™ืจื ื™ ืช'ื™ื™ืก ื•ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืกืืจื“ื˜
ืงืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช: ืงื™ืจืง ืœื•ืžื‘ืืจื“
ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”: ื ื•ืื™ ืกืืจื“ื˜

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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