Why should you read "A Midsummer Night's Dream"? - Iseult Gillespie

842,127 views ใƒป 2018-12-03

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:07
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ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื—,
00:08
a group of youths sneak into the woods,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืงืช ืœื™ืขืจ,
00:11
where they take mind-altering substances,
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ืฉื ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกืžื™ื,
00:13
switch it up romantically,
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ืžืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช,
00:15
and brush up against creatures from another dimension.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื›ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื™ืžื“ ืื—ืจ.
00:18
"A Midsummerโ€™s Nightโ€™s Dream" sees Shakespeare get psychedelic โ€“
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"ื—ืœื•ื ืœื™ืœ ืงื™ืฅ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ --
00:22
and the result is a treat in the theatre and on the page.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืคื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.
00:26
First performed in the 1590's,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” 16,
00:29
this play is one of Shakespeareโ€™s friskiest works,
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ,
00:32
filled with trickery, madness and magic.
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ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืงืกื.
00:35
Set over the course of one night,
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“,
00:37
Midsummer progresses at a rollicking pace.
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ื—ืœื•ื ืœื™ืœ ืงื™ืฅ ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื ื”.
00:40
The plot is structured around patterns of collision and dissolution,
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ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช,
00:44
where characters from different worlds are thrown together and torn apart.
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ืฉื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื–ืจืงื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื ืงืจืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
00:48
Shakespeare uses these patterns to mock the charactersโ€™ self-obsession
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ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืขื•ื’ ืœืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
00:52
and question authority with a comic twist.
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ื•ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืงื•ืžื™.
00:56
The action is set in Ancient Greece,
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”,
00:58
but like many of Shakespeareโ€™s plays it reflects his contemporary concerns.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
01:02
The magical setting of the woods at night
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ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
01:04
disrupts the boundaries between separate groups, with bizarre results.
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ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช.
01:09
Here, the bard plays with the rigid class system of his own time,
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ืคื”, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื•,
01:13
taking three distinct groups and turning their society upside-down
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ืœื•ืงื— ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”
01:17
in a world where no mortal is in control.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
01:20
The play opens with young Hermia
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”
01:23
raging at her father Egeus and Theseus, the King of Athens,
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ื–ื•ืขืžืช ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื”, ืื’ืื•ืก, ื•ืชื–ืื•ืก, ืžืœืš ืืชื•ื ื”,
01:27
who have forbidden her to marry her lover Lysander.
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ืฉืืกืจื• ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ืกื ื“ืจ.
01:31
Hermia has no interest in her father's choice for her of Demetrius โ€“
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ืœื”ืจืžื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื” - ื“ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืก -
01:35
but her best friend Helena definitely does.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืœื ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
01:39
Furious at their elders, Hermia and Lysander elope under cover of darkness,
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ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื”ืจืžื™ื” ื•ืœื™ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื›ื”,
01:44
with Demetrius in hot pursuit.
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ื›ืฉื“ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืก ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื.
01:46
This is further complicated by Helenaโ€™s decision
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ื–ื” ืžืกืชื‘ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ื”
01:49
to follow them all into the woods, in the hope of winning Demetriusโ€™ heart.
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ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืœืขืฆื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืก.
01:54
At this point, the woods are getting crowded,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื™ื,
01:57
as the lovers are sharing the space with a group of โ€œrude mechanicalsโ€โ€”
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ "ืžื›ื ื™ืงืœื™ื ื’ืกื™ื" --
02:01
a troupe of workers drunkenly rehearsing a play, led by the jovial Nick Bottom.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื”, ืฉืžื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืง ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ื ื”ืขืœื™ื–.
02:06
Unbeknownst to them, the humans have entered into the world of the fairies.
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ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื•ืช.
02:11
Despite their magical splendor, Oberon and Titania,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจ ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืœืื•ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
02:15
the king and queen of the fairies, have their own romantic problems.
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ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื.
02:19
Furious at his inability to control Titania, the jealous Oberon
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ื–ื•ืขื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื•ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื ืื™
02:24
commands the trickster Puck to squeeze the juice of a magical flower over her eyes.
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ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืคืืง ื”ืชื›ืกื™ืกืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฅ ืžืคืจื— ืงืกื•ื ืขืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื”.
02:30
When she wakes up, sheโ€™ll fall in love with the first thing she sees.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืชืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืจืื”.
02:35
On his mission,
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ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžืชื•,
02:36
Puck gleefully sprinkles the juice over the eyes of the napping Demetrius
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ืคืืง ืžืคื–ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืก ื”ื™ืฉืŸ
02:40
and Lysander, and transforms Bottomโ€™s head into that of a donkey for good measure.
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ื•ืœื™ืกื ื“ืจ, ื•ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ื ืœืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ.
02:46
As eyes flicker open,
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ื›ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคืชื—ื•,
02:47
a night of chaos commences that includes broken hearts, mistaken identity,
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ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืื•ืก ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื’ื•ื™,
02:53
and transformations.
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ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื™ื.
02:55
Out of all the characters, Bottom probably fares the best โ€“
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ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ --
02:58
when the bewitched Titania lays eyes on him,
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ื›ืฉื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ืฉืคืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื•,
03:01
she calls on her fairies to lavish him with wine and treasures
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ื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ืœืคื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื”ืจืขื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช
03:05
and sweeps the transfigured donkeyman off his feet:
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ื•ืกื—ืคื” ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื•:
03:08
โ€œpluck the wings from painted butterflies/
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"ืœืžืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืžืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื
03:11
To fan the moonbeams from his sleeping eyes.
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ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ืงืจื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื— ืžืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช.
03:14
Nod to him, elves, and do him courtesies.โ€
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ืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ืืœื™ื•, ื’ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื•."
03:18
While magic is the catalyst to the action,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืงืกื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืจื– ืœืคืขื•ืœื”,
03:20
the play reflects the real drama of the things we do for love โ€“
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” --
03:24
and the nonsensical behavior of the people under its spell.
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฉื”.
03:28
The moon overlooks the action โ€œlike a silver bow,โ€
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ื”ื™ืจื— ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” "ื›ืžื• ืงืฉืช ื›ืกื•ืคื”,"
03:31
signifying erratic behavior, the dark side of love,
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ืฉืžืกืžืœืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชื–ื–ื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”,
03:35
and the bewitching allure of a world where the usual rules donโ€™t apply.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉืคืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื.
03:40
Although the characters eventually come to their senses,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืŸ,
03:43
"A Midsummer Night's Dream" raises the question
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"ื—ืœื•ื ืœื™ืœ ืงื™ืฅ" ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืœื”
03:46
of how much agency we have over our own daily lives.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
03:50
But itโ€™s not the more realistically rendered lovers, rulers or workers
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
03:54
who have the last word,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
03:56
but the impish Puck who queries whether we can ever truly trust what we see:
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ืืœื ืคืืง ื”ื’ืžื“ ืฉืžืชืฉืืœ ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื:
04:02
If we shadows have offended,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฆืœืœื™ื ืคื’ืขื ื•,
04:03
Think but this and all is mended:
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ื–ืืช ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกืชื“ืจ:
04:06
That you have but slumbered here
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ื–ื” ืฉืจืง ื™ืฉื ืชื ืคื”
04:09
While these visions did appear.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•.
04:11
And in so doing,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืš,
04:13
he evokes the effect of entering into the magical world of great theatre
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:17
that plays with the boundary between illusion and reality โ€“
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ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช --
04:21
and dramatizes the possibility that life is but a dream.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจืง ื—ืœื•ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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