The sleep disorder you might not know you have - Alayna Vaughan

443,494 views ใƒป 2021-11-09

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:06
A leather mask that clamps the mouth shut.
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ืžืกื›ืช ืขื•ืจ ืฉืกื•ื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ืคื”.
00:09
A cannonball sewn into a soldierโ€™s uniform.
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ืคื’ื– ืฉืชืคื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ.
00:12
And a machine that delivers sudden electrical pulses.
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
00:16
These old items were all intended treatments
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ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื
00:19
for a problem that has haunted humanity for millennia:
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื:
00:23
snoring.
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ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
00:24
It might seem harmless, but snoring can be a sign of something more dangerous.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื ืžื–ื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื ื—ื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
00:29
So, what exactly causes snoring? And when does it become a problem?
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ืื–, ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช? ื•ืžืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื”?
00:34
A snoreโ€™s quality can range from a gentle mew to a stuttering chainsawโ€”
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข ืžื™ืœืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื›ืื ื™ ืžื’ืžื’ื --
00:39
but all snores originate from the respiratory tract,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”,
00:43
which is lined with soft tissues.
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ืฉืžืจื•ืคื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืช.
00:45
During sleep, the muscles around these tissues relax,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืจื’ืขื™ื,
00:48
narrowing the airway.
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ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
00:50
Many factors, including congestion, anatomical features,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื•ื“ืฉ, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
00:54
and the position youโ€™re sleeping in,
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ื•ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ื™ืฉื ื™ื,
00:56
can further constrict this passage and lead to or exacerbate snoring.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืจ ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช.
01:01
The narrower the respiratory tract is, the stronger the airflow,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ืจื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:05
and the more those relaxed tissues may vibrate,
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ื•ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:08
producing sound.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆืœื™ืœ.
01:09
Most of us will snore at some point in our lives.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื ื ื—ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
01:12
But loud, chronic snoring is one sign of a sleep disorder
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื•ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืคืจืขืช ืฉื™ื ื”
01:16
known as obstructive sleep apnea.
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกื.
01:19
It affects about a quarter of all adults,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืจื‘ืข ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
01:21
but itโ€™s estimated that around 80% of people who suffer from it
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืขืจืš 80% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื”
01:25
arenโ€™t aware they have it.
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ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื”.
01:27
This is especially troublesome because it can lead to serious cardiovascular issues.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
01:32
Obstructive sleep apnea is usually caused by blockages in the airway
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ื”ืคืจืขืช ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžื—ืกื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ
01:37
and is mainly characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื”.
01:41
There's one other kind of sleep apnea called central sleep apnea,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
01:46
which occurs when the brain temporarily fails to regulate the body's breathing.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื›ื•ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื ืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
01:50
This condition isn't as common,
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ืคื•ืฅ,
01:52
and snoring is usually a less prominent featureโ€”
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ื•ื ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ืช --
01:55
though you can have both.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.
01:57
If youโ€™re experiencing obstructive sleep apnea,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”,
02:00
you might stop breathing for 10 or more seconds before waking,
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ืœ 10 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
02:03
sometimes without realizing it, to catch your breath.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื.
02:06
In doing so, you might make a snorting or a choking sound.
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ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื—ื•ืจ ืื• ื—ื ืง.
02:10
This may happen five times an hour,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื”,
02:13
though in severe cases, it could occur more than 30.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 30.
02:17
And it's a problem because your tissues are getting less oxygen.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ.
02:21
As you experience periods of low oxygen intake,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
02:24
your body releases stress hormones.
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ.
02:27
And your blood vessels constrict to get oxygenated blood to your vital organs.
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ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื ืžื—ื•ืžืฆืŸ ืœืื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
02:32
This increases your blood pressure and puts additional stress on your heart.
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘.
02:36
And this is why obstructive sleep apnea can be linked to hypertension
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืœื—ืฅ ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”
02:40
and other cardiovascular problems.
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ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:43
Your difficulty breathing and poor-quality rest may also lead to headaches,
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ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ,
02:47
decreased concentration, and chronic fatigue.
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ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžื•ืคื—ืช ื•ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช.
02:51
So what puts someone at risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea?
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื ืื“ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”?
02:55
Features like larger tongues, thicker necks, and smaller jaws
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ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:00
can make people more susceptible.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:02
Older people are more at risk because, as we age,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื,
03:05
our soft tissues loosen, further narrowing our airways.
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ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:09
Drinking alcohol before going to sleep can cause excessive relaxation
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ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืจื’ืขื•ืช ื™ืชืจ
03:13
of our throat and jaw muscles.
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ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœืกืช.
03:15
And one of the main contributors to obstructive sleep apnea is weight gain
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ
03:19
because more tissue around the neck can constrict the airway.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
03:23
Many researchers see weight loss as a solution to obstructive sleep apnea.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”.
03:28
Certain behavioral shifts, like limiting your alcohol consumption before bed,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”,
03:32
elevating your head, and avoiding sleeping on your back may also help.
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ื”ืจืžืช ื”ืจืืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
03:36
For people who have a milder condition,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:39
mouth and throat exercises have been shown to alleviate obstructive sleep apnea
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ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืคื” ื•ื’ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื• ื›ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”
03:43
in some preliminary trials.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
03:45
But these approaches, and devices like oral appliances,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืคื”,
03:49
may not always be sufficient.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื.
03:51
Sleep apnea can be reliably treated using CPAP machines,
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ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช CPAP
03:55
which keep the airway open by delivering a constant stream of pressurized air.
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ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื–ืจื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ.
04:00
Doctors will usually aim to remedy sleep apnea with non-invasive treatments
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื
04:04
like these first, but if they donโ€™t work, they may consider surgery.
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืงืœื• ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
04:08
Snores can be silly.
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ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉื•ืช.
04:10
But intense ones are well-worth investigating with a doctor.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขื ืจื•ืคื.
04:13
After all, everyone needs a chance to catch their breathโ€”
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื --
04:16
and some zโ€™s...
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ื•ืงืฆืช ืฉื™ื ื”...
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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