Do personality tests work? - Merve Emre

1,169,324 views ใƒป 2020-12-22

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
In 1942, a mother-daughter duo
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ื‘ 1942, ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื ื•ื‘ืช
00:10
Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
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ืงืช'ืจื™ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก ื•ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก ืžืื™ื™ืจืก
00:13
developed a questionnaire that classified peopleโ€™s personalities into 16 types.
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืฉืงื˜ืœื’ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœ 16 ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
00:18
Called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก, ืื• MBTI,
00:22
it would go on to become
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:23
one of the worldโ€™s most widely-used personality tests.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:27
Today, personality testing is a multi-billion dollar industry
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
00:31
used by individuals, schools, and companies.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉื™, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
00:35
But none of these tests, including the MBTI, the Big Five,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื” MBTI, ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
00:39
the DiSC assessment, the Process Communication Model,
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ื”ืขืจื›ืช DiSC , ืžื•ื“ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
00:42
and the Enneagram,
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ื•ื”ืื ื™ืื’ืจื,
00:44
actually reveal truths about personality.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
00:47
In fact, itโ€™s up for debate whether personality
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
00:50
is a stable, measurable feature of an individual at all.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
00:55
Part of the problem is the way the tests are constructed.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
00:58
Each is based on a different set of metrics to define personality:
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช:
01:02
the Myers-Briggs, for instance,
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ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:03
focuses on features like introversion and extroversion
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ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืคื ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช
01:07
to classify people into personality "types,"
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
01:09
while the Big Five scores participants on five different traits.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:13
Most are self-reported,
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ืจื•ื‘ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
01:16
meaning the results are based on questions participants answer about themselves.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
01:20
So itโ€™s easy to lie, but even with the best intentions,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืงืœ ืœืฉืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:24
objective self-evaluation is tricky.
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ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
01:27
Take this question from the Big Five:
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื:
01:30
How would you rate the accuracy of the statement "I am always prepared"?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” โ€œืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ืŸ/ื ื”?โ€
01:36
Thereโ€™s a clear favorable answer here, which makes it difficult to be objective.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืคื”, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
01:40
People subconsciously aim to please:
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืช ืžื•ื“ืข ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช:
01:43
when asked to agree or disagree, we show a bias
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื”
01:46
toward answering however we believe the person or institution
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ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื• ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ
01:50
asking the question wants us to answer.
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ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืขื ื”.
01:53
Hereโ€™s another questionโ€”
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ื”ื ื” ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช --
01:54
what do you value more, justice or fairness?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆื“ืง ืื• ื”ื•ื’ื ื•ืช?
01:58
What about harmony or forgiveness?
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ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืื• ืกืœื™ื—ื”?
02:02
You may well value both sides of each pair,
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืชืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื–ื•ื’,
02:05
but the MBTI would force you to choose one.
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ืื‘ืœ ื” MBTI ื™ื›ืจื™ื— ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“.
02:08
And while itโ€™s tempting to assume the results of that forced choice
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžืคืชื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—
02:11
must somehow reveal a true preference, they donโ€™t:
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืŸ ืœื:
02:15
When faced with the same forced choice question multiple times,
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ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ืœืฆืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื,
02:19
the same person will sometimes change their answer.
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ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื•.
02:22
Given these design flaws, itโ€™s no surprise that test results can be inconsistent.
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ื‘ื”ื ืชืŸ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช.
ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืžืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
02:28
One study found that nearly half of people who take the Myers-Briggs a second time
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02:32
only five weeks after the first get assigned a different type.
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ืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ.
02:36
And other studies on the Myers-Briggs have found that people with very similar scores
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื•ืช
02:40
end up being placed in different categories,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
02:43
suggesting that the strict divisions between personality types
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
02:46
donโ€™t reflect real-life nuances.
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ืœื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
02:50
Complicating matters further,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:52
the definitions of personality traits are constantly shifting.
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ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”.
02:55
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung,
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืฆืจื™ ืงืืจืœ ื™ื•ื ื’,
02:58
who popularized the terms introvert and extrovert,
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ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ,
03:01
defined an introvert as someone who sticks to their principles
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ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ื ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
03:05
regardless of situation,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื‘,
03:07
and an extrovert as someone who molds their self according to circumstance.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
03:11
Introversion later came to mean shyness, while an extrovert was someone outgoing.
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ืžื•ืคื ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
03:16
Today, an introvert is someone who finds alone time restorative,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื•ืคื ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ืฆื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื“ ื›ืžืฉืงื,
03:20
an extrovert draws energy from social interaction,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ืžื•ืฉืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
03:23
and an ambivert falls somewhere between these two extremes.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื™ืคื•ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:27
The notion of an innate, unchanging personality
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื”, ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”
03:31
forms the basis of all these tests.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:33
But research increasingly suggests that personality shifts during key periodsโ€”
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืคืชื— --
03:39
like our school years, or when we start working.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
03:41
Though certain features of a personโ€™s behavior
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื
03:44
may remain relatively stable over time,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
03:47
others are malleable, moulded by our upbringing, life experiences, and age.
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ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ืฆืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืœ.
03:52
All of this matters more or less depending on how a personality test is used.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
03:57
Though anyone using them should take the results with a grain of salt,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื’ืจื’ืจ ืžืœื—,
04:01
there isnโ€™t much harm in individual useโ€”
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™ --
04:03
and users may even learn some new terms and concepts in the process.
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ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
04:07
But the use of personality tests extends far beyond self discovery.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™.
04:12
Schools use them to advise students what to study and what jobs to pursue.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ.
04:17
Companies use them decide who to hire and for what positions.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื™ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“.
04:21
Yet the results donโ€™t predict how a person will perform in a specific role.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื“ื ื™ืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
04:25
So by using personality tests this way,
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ืื– ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•,
04:28
institutions can deprive people of opportunities theyโ€™d excel at,
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื•,
04:31
or discourage them from considering certain paths.
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ืื• ื™ื ื™ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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