Do personality tests work? - Merve Emre

1,125,064 views ・ 2020-12-22

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sohee Park κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
In 1942, a mother-daughter duo
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1942λ…„, μ—„λ§ˆμ™€ 딸인
00:10
Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
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μΊμ„œλ¦° μΏ‘ λΈŒλ¦­μŠ€μ™€ 이사벨 브릭슀 λ§ˆμ΄μ–΄μŠ€λŠ”
00:13
developed a questionnaire that classified people’s personalities into 16 types.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 성격을 16κ°€μ§€λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„μ§“λŠ” 섀문을 κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
Called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI,
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μ΄λŠ” λ§ˆμ΄μ–΄μŠ€-브릭슀 μ„±κ²©μœ ν˜•κ²€μ‚¬, ν˜Ήμ€ MBTI둜 뢈리며
00:22
it would go on to become
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”
00:23
one of the world’s most widely-used personality tests.
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성격 검사가 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:27
Today, personality testing is a multi-billion dollar industry
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 성격 κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 개인, 학ꡐ, νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”
00:31
used by individuals, schools, and companies.
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 규λͺ¨μ˜ μ‚°μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
But none of these tests, including the MBTI, the Big Five,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ MBTI, λΉ…νŒŒμ΄λΈŒ,
00:39
the DiSC assessment, the Process Communication Model,
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DiSC 검사, PCM,
00:42
and the Enneagram,
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μ—λ‹ˆμ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
00:44
actually reveal truths about personality.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 검사듀 쀑 κ·Έ 무엇도 성격에 κ΄€ν•œ 진싀을 λ°ν˜€λ‚΄μ§„ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
00:47
In fact, it’s up for debate whether personality
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사싀, μ„±κ²©μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이
00:50
is a stable, measurable feature of an individual at all.
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μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄κ³  μΈ‘μ •κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 개인의 νŠΉμ„±μΈμ§€λŠ” λ…Όμ˜μ˜ 여지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Part of the problem is the way the tests are constructed.
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문제의 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 검사가 κ΅¬μ„±λœ 방식인데
00:58
Each is based on a different set of metrics to define personality:
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각자 성격을 μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μΈ‘μ • 기쀀이 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
the Myers-Briggs, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ MBTI의 경우,
01:03
focuses on features like introversion and extroversion
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 성격 β€œμœ ν˜•β€μ„ ꡬ뢄짓기 μœ„ν•΄
01:07
to classify people into personality "types,"
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λ‚΄ν–₯μ„±, μ™Έν–₯μ„±κ³Ό 같은 νŠΉμ„±μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 반면
01:09
while the Big Five scores participants on five different traits.
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λΉ…νŒŒμ΄λΈŒλŠ” λ‹€μ„― κ°€μ§€μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 점수λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
Most are self-reported,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 검사듀은 보톡 μžκ°€ 보고식인데,
01:16
meaning the results are based on questions participants answer about themselves.
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μ΄λŠ” κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ΄ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹΅ν•œ 것에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
So it’s easy to lie, but even with the best intentions,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ±°μ§“μœΌλ‘œ λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μš°λ©°,
쒋은 μ˜λ„λΌκ³  해도 객관적인 자기 ν‰κ°€λŠ” 쉽지 μ•Šμ£ .
01:24
objective self-evaluation is tricky.
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01:27
Take this question from the Big Five:
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λΉ…νŒŒμ΄λΈŒμ˜ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:30
How would you rate the accuracy of the statement "I am always prepared"?
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β€œλ‚˜λŠ” 항상 μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ–΄μžˆλ‹€.β€λΌλŠ” 말이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ •ν™•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:36
There’s a clear favorable answer here, which makes it difficult to be objective.
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μ΄μ—λŠ” λͺ…ν™•νžˆ 더 쒋은 λŒ€λ‹΅μ΄ μžˆκΈ°μ— 객관적이 되기 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
People subconsciously aim to please:
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„μœ„λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ”λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
when asked to agree or disagree, we show a bias
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ ν˜Ήμ€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μœΌλ©΄
01:46
toward answering however we believe the person or institution
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 기관이 λ“£κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜
01:50
asking the question wants us to answer.
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치우치게 되죠.
01:53
Here’s another questionβ€”
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:54
what do you value more, justice or fairness?
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μ •μ˜μ™€ 평등 쀑 무엇을 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:58
What about harmony or forgiveness?
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쑰화와 μš©μ„œ μ€‘μ—λŠ”μš”?
02:02
You may well value both sides of each pair,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 두 가지 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
02:05
but the MBTI would force you to choose one.
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MBTIλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ κ³ λ₯Ό 것을 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜μ£ .
02:08
And while it’s tempting to assume the results of that forced choice
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ°•μ œμ μΈ μ„ νƒμ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€
02:11
must somehow reveal a true preference, they don’t:
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  μ§„μ§œ μ„ ν˜Έλ„λ₯Ό λ“œλŸ¬λ‚Ό 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ² μ§€λ§Œ, 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
When faced with the same forced choice question multiple times,
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κ°•μ œλ‘œ μ„ νƒν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λ°›μœΌλ©΄,
02:19
the same person will sometimes change their answer.
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같은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ„ 가끔씩 λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Given these design flaws, it’s no surprise that test results can be inconsistent.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 섀계적 결함을 κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄, 검사 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 일관성이 없닀해도 λ†€λžμ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
ν•œ 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 첫 번째 κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 5μ£Ό ν›„ λ‹€μ‹œ 검사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
02:28
One study found that nearly half of people who take the Myers-Briggs a second time
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02:32
only five weeks after the first get assigned a different type.
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거의 μ ˆλ°˜μ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이전과 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
And other studies on the Myers-Briggs have found that people with very similar scores
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λ˜ν•œ MBTI에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 연ꡬ듀은 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 점수λ₯Ό 받은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λΌν•΄λ„
02:40
end up being placed in different categories,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ ν˜•μ— μ†ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:43
suggesting that the strict divisions between personality types
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μ΄λŠ” 성격 μœ ν˜•λ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ—„κ²©ν•œ ꡬ뢄이
02:46
don’t reflect real-life nuances.
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μ‹€μ œμ˜ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
Complicating matters further,
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λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 성격 νŠΉμ„±μ˜ μ •μ˜λŠ” λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λ©°
02:52
the definitions of personality traits are constantly shifting.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό λ”μš± λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  있죠.
02:55
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung,
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λ‚΄ν–₯적, μ™Έν–₯μ μ΄λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό λŒ€μ€‘ν™”μ‹œν‚¨
02:58
who popularized the terms introvert and extrovert,
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ μ •μ‹ κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬ μΉΌ μœ΅μ€
03:01
defined an introvert as someone who sticks to their principles
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λ‚΄ν–₯인은 상황에 관계없이
03:05
regardless of situation,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 원칙을 κ³ μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ©°,
03:07
and an extrovert as someone who molds their self according to circumstance.
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μ™Έν–₯인은 상황에 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ”λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  μ •μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Introversion later came to mean shyness, while an extrovert was someone outgoing.
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이후 λ‚΄ν–₯성은 λΆ€λ„λŸ¬μ›€μ„ 타고, μ™Έν–₯성은 μ‚¬κ΅μ μ΄λΌλŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 생겼죠.
03:16
Today, an introvert is someone who finds alone time restorative,
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μ΄μ œλŠ” λ‚΄ν–₯인은 슀슀둜의 μ‹œκ°„μ„ 톡해 κΈ°μš΄μ„ νšŒλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λ©°,
03:20
an extrovert draws energy from social interaction,
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μ™Έν–₯인은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  관계λ₯Ό 톡해 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„,
03:23
and an ambivert falls somewhere between these two extremes.
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μ–‘ν–₯인은 이 두 μ’…λ₯˜ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ°€λ₯΄ν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
The notion of an innate, unchanging personality
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이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²€μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 기본이 λ˜λŠ” 것은
03:31
forms the basis of all these tests.
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성격은 μ„ μ²œμ μ΄λ©° λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
But research increasingly suggests that personality shifts during key periodsβ€”
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•™μ°½μ‹œμ ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 직μž₯ μƒν™œμ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°κ°„κ³Ό 같은 μ£Όμš” μ‹œκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ
03:39
like our school years, or when we start working.
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성격이 λ³€ν™”ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ œμ‹œλ˜κ³  있죠.
03:41
Though certain features of a person’s behavior
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비둝 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν–‰λ™μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ€
03:44
may remain relatively stable over time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ„ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:47
others are malleable, moulded by our upbringing, life experiences, and age.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ€ 우리의 κ°€μ •κ΅μœ‘, κ²½ν—˜, λ‚˜μ΄μ— 따라 λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
All of this matters more or less depending on how a personality test is used.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것은 성격 검사가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠλƒμ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯Έλ°,
03:57
Though anyone using them should take the results with a grain of salt,
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이λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬λ“  κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ±ΈλŸ¬μ„œ λ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:01
there isn’t much harm in individual useβ€”
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개인적인 μš©λ„λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데에 큰 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ—†μœΌλ©°
04:03
and users may even learn some new terms and concepts in the process.
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μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” 이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μš©μ–΄λ‚˜ κ°œλ…μ„ 배울 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
But the use of personality tests extends far beyond self discovery.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 성격 κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μžμ•„ λ°œκ²¬μ„ 훨씬 λ„˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ£ .
04:12
Schools use them to advise students what to study and what jobs to pursue.
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ν•™κ΅λŠ” 학생듀이 무엇을 곡뢀해야 ν•˜κ³ 
μ–΄λ– ν•œ 직업을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό 할지에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ–Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©°,
04:17
Companies use them decide who to hire and for what positions.
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νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–€ μ§μ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ±„μš©ν• μ§€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Yet the results don’t predict how a person will perform in a specific role.
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검사 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 개인이 νŠΉμ • 역할을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν• μ§€λŠ” μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ”데 말이죠.
04:25
So by using personality tests this way,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 성격 검사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
04:28
institutions can deprive people of opportunities they’d excel at,
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기관듀은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 그듀이 잘 ν•΄λ‚Ό 기회λ₯Ό λ°•νƒˆν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:31
or discourage them from considering certain paths.
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그듀이 νŠΉμ • 경둜λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ‹¨λ…μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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