A year in the life of one of Earth's weirdest animals - Gilad Bino

1,309,963 views ใƒป 2021-07-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:10
Waddling along the parched Australian earth,
0
10038
2583
ืžื“ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ืช,
00:12
this female platypus is searching for fresh water.
1
12621
3375
ื”ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
00:16
Over the past year, a severe drought turned rivers and streams
2
16621
4375
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืงืฉื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื
00:20
to mere trickles.
3
20996
1333
ืœื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
00:22
She barely survived and was unable to reproduce.
4
22413
3750
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืจื“ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
00:26
Could the next year bring a change in luck?
5
26413
2708
ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื–ืœ?
00:30
It's autumn and fat raindrops finally come spilling from the sky.
6
30454
4375
ื–ื” ืกืชื™ื• ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ืฉืžื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืฉืคื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
00:35
Within days, the platypus finds a river and begins to hunt.
7
35537
4000
ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืืช ื ื”ืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฆื•ื“.
00:39
Her webbed feet propel her along
8
39537
2542
ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืชื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
00:42
and her waterproof coat traps heat close to her body.
9
42079
3500
ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื” ืœืžื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื•ื›ื“ืช ื—ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื•ืคื”.
00:45
Underwater, she senses her surroundings with her duck-like bill,
10
45912
4584
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ื•ื– ืฉืœื”,
00:50
which is fitted with about 40,000 electroreceptors.
11
50496
3833
ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 40,000 ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
00:54
This allows her to detect the minuscule electrical signals
12
54746
3625
ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื
00:58
coming from a glass shrimpโ€™s nerves and muscles.
13
58371
3083
ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืžืค ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.
01:01
She makes it a quick meal.
14
61787
1917
ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืืจื•ื—ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.
01:04
And once she clambers back on land to construct a burrow,
15
64121
3542
ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืกืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื“ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืœื”,
01:07
she waddles in a lizard-like posture,
16
67663
2916
ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช ืœื˜ืื”,
01:10
her limbs moving horizontally to her spine.
17
70579
3167
ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื ืขื™ื ืื•ืคืงื™ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœื”.
01:14
The platypus has many quirks.
18
74954
2375
ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื–ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:17
As a monotreme, she's part of the most ancient lineage of mammals alive today.
19
77579
5084
ื›ืžื•ื ื•ื˜ืจื, ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:22
Consequently, she has a curious mix of mammalian, avian, and reptilian features,
20
82954
6042
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืจื•ื‘ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื,
01:28
which is reflected in her genome.
21
88996
2292
ืฉืžืฉืชืงืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
01:31
For instance, mammals usually have one pair of chromosomes that determine sex.
22
91621
5375
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื•ื’ ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ.
01:36
But the platypus has five, which more closely resemble a birdโ€™s.
23
96996
4875
ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”, ืฉื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
01:42
Let's hope she gets to put them to use.
24
102246
2417
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
01:45
She regains her strength and, as winter turns to spring,
25
105788
3916
ื”ื™ื ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉืช, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืื‘ื™ื‘,
01:49
itโ€™s time to mate.
26
109704
1500
ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’.
01:51
However, she canโ€™t raise her young here.
27
111579
2667
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื” ืคื”.
01:54
The surrounding land has begun to be deforested,
28
114579
2917
ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช,
01:57
causing the riverbank to erode.
29
117496
2000
ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื’ื“ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœื”ืฉื—ืง.
01:59
Instead, she journeys upstream
30
119829
2625
ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื™ื ื ืขื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื–ืจื
02:02
and settles in a clear, deep pool sheltered by a river red gum tree.
31
122454
5167
ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฆืœื•ืœื” ื•ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืžื•ื’ื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฅ ื’ื•ืžื™ ื ื”ืจ ืื“ื•ื.
02:08
Suddenly, a rustle flushes birds from the undergrowth and a fox appears.
32
128204
5292
ืคืชืื•ื, ืจืฉืจื•ืฉ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ืขืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข.
02:13
These predators have threatened platypuses
33
133913
2416
ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื
02:16
ever since they were introduced to Australia by white settlers in 1855.
34
136329
5167
ืžืื– ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ 1855.
02:21
The fox doesnโ€™t see her this time, but the platypus will need to stay alert.
35
141871
5250
ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ืคืขื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืขืจื ื™ืช.
02:27
Two males also occupy this area and, soon enough,
36
147621
4000
ืฉื ื™ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”,
02:31
they begin competing for her affections.
37
151621
2542
ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ืชื”.
02:34
Each has spurs on its hind legs containing a potent snake-like venom.
38
154579
5042
ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืจืก ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืœ ื ื—ืฉื™ื.
02:40
One male fights the other off and courts the female over several weeks,
39
160121
4667
ื–ื›ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืื—ืจ ื•ืžื’ืจืฉื• ื•ืžื—ื–ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
02:44
swimming alongside her, and occasionally biting her tail.
40
164788
3791
ืฉื•ื—ื” ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ืฉืš ืืช ื–ื ื‘ื”.
02:49
Eventually, she reciprocates,
41
169538
1916
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจืฆื”,
02:51
and they swim around in circles before doing the deed.
42
171454
3459
ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื”ื.
02:55
The male platypus has a penis with eccentric features
43
175204
3667
ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืŸ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช
02:58
like two heads and spines that aid and fertilization.
44
178871
3458
ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ื ื•ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื”.
03:02
Over the following week, the female constructs an extensive burrow
45
182913
4291
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช
03:07
furnished with a cozy nest.
46
187204
2209
ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืงืŸ ื ืขื™ื.
03:09
She plugs up the tunnels leading in,
47
189621
2167
ื”ื™ื ืื•ื˜ืžืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”,
03:11
making them appear as dead ends to potential predators.
48
191788
3333
ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืคื•ื ื˜ืฆื™ืืœื™ื.
03:15
Then, much like a reptile or bird, she lays eggs from her cloaca,
49
195371
5375
ืื–, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืงืœื•ืืงื” ืฉืœื”,
03:20
a single opening that's used for both reproduction and excretion.
50
200954
4625
ืคืชื— ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื.
03:26
She incubates her eggs, and as the river red gum tree blooms,
51
206163
4750
ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืขืฅ ื’ื•ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืคื•ืจื—,
03:30
her offspring hatch.
52
210913
1916
ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื.
03:33
Like other mammals, she feeds them milk.
53
213413
2583
ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื—ืœื‘.
03:36
But unlike other mammals, she has no nipples.
54
216288
3416
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืคื˜ืžื•ืช.
03:39
Instead, her milk oozes from mammary glands onto her belly,
55
219704
4459
ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœื” ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื”,
03:44
where her babies slurp it up.
56
224371
1833
ืฉื ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื•ื’ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
03:46
This pooled milk invites bacteria,
57
226913
2583
ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:49
but the platypus also produces potent antibacterial proteins,
58
229496
4625
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
03:54
ensuring her newborns are safe.
59
234413
2541
ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
03:57
She continues nursing them for four monthsโ€”
60
237746
2750
ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื --
04:00
hunting, evading the fox, and repairing her burrow all the while.
61
240496
4417
ืฆื“ื”, ืžืชื—ืžืงืช ืžื”ืฉื•ืขืœ, ื•ืžืชืงื ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
04:05
By the time her young are ready to make their debut,
62
245496
3042
ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื•ืœื,
04:08
the summer is waning.
63
248538
1458
ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื.
04:10
One evening, after the female platypus returns from hunting,
64
250788
3708
ืขืจื‘ ืื—ื“, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื“,
04:14
she finds that one nestling has already struck off on its own.
65
254496
4458
ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
04:19
A few days later, the other also leaves the borough.
66
259788
3500
ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื—ืจ ื’ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
04:24
Soon, her young are living completely independently.
67
264163
3875
ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:28
And eventually theyโ€™ll leave this part of the river to make homes of their own.
68
268454
5042
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7