A year in the life of one of Earth's weirdest animals - Gilad Bino

1,158,375 views

2021-07-27 ・ TED-Ed


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A year in the life of one of Earth's weirdest animals - Gilad Bino

1,158,375 views ・ 2021-07-27

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sohee Park κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:10
Waddling along the parched Australian earth,
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λ©”λ§ˆλ₯Έ 호주 땅을 따라 λ’€λš±κ±°λ¦¬λ©°
00:12
this female platypus is searching for fresh water.
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μ•”μ»· μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 물을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
Over the past year, a severe drought turned rivers and streams
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μ§€λ‚œ ν•œ ν•΄ λ™μ•ˆ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ κ°€λ­„μœΌλ‘œ
κ°•κ³Ό 개울이 κ·Έμ € μ‘Έμ‘Έ 흐λ₯΄λŠ” μ‹œλ‚΄κ°€ λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ Έμ£ .
00:20
to mere trickles.
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00:22
She barely survived and was unable to reproduce.
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이 암컷은 겨우 μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ²ˆμ‹ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Could the next year bring a change in luck?
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λ‚΄λ…„μ—λŠ” 상황이 쑰금 λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
00:30
It's autumn and fat raindrops finally come spilling from the sky.
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가을이 λ˜μ–΄ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ ꡡ은 λΉ—λ°©μšΈμ΄ μŸμ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
Within days, the platypus finds a river and begins to hunt.
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λ©°μΉ  μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„, μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” 강을 μ°Ύμ•„ 사λƒ₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Her webbed feet propel her along
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λ¬Όκ°ˆν€΄ 달린 λ°œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³ 
00:42
and her waterproof coat traps heat close to her body.
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λ°©μˆ˜ν„Έμ€ λͺΈ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— 온기λ₯Ό 가둬두죠.
00:45
Underwater, she senses her surroundings with her duck-like bill,
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λ¬Ό μ†μ—μ„œλŠ” 였리 같은 λΆ€λ¦¬λ‘œ 주변을 νƒμ§€ν•˜λŠ”λ°
00:50
which is fitted with about 40,000 electroreceptors.
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λΆ€λ¦¬μ—λŠ” μ „κΈ° μˆ˜μš©κΈ°κ°€ μ•½ 4만 개 μž₯μ°©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
This allows her to detect the minuscule electrical signals
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 유리 μƒˆμš°μ˜ μ‹ κ²½κ³Ό κ·Όμœ‘μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”
00:58
coming from a glass shrimp’s nerves and muscles.
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λ―Έμ„Έν•œ μ „κΈ° μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 감지할 수 있죠.
01:01
She makes it a quick meal.
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μ΄λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν•œ 끼가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
And once she clambers back on land to construct a burrow,
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꡴을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ•…μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄λ©΄,
01:07
she waddles in a lizard-like posture,
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€ 같은 μžμ„Έλ‘œ λ’€λš±κ±°λ¦¬λ©°
01:10
her limbs moving horizontally to her spine.
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μ‚¬μ§€λŠ” 척좔에 μˆ˜ν‰ν•˜κ²Œ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
The platypus has many quirks.
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μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” λ³„λ‚œ 점이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
As a monotreme, she's part of the most ancient lineage of mammals alive today.
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단곡λ₯˜ λ™λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 였래된 포유λ₯˜μ˜ ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
Consequently, she has a curious mix of mammalian, avian, and reptilian features,
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결둠적으둜, 포유λ₯˜, μ‘°λ₯˜, 파좩λ₯˜μ˜ νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ΄
01:28
which is reflected in her genome.
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μœ μ „μžμ— λͺ¨λ‘ λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
For instance, mammals usually have one pair of chromosomes that determine sex.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 포유λ₯˜λŠ” 보톡 성별을 κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 염색체 ν•œ 쌍이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:36
But the platypus has five, which more closely resemble a bird’s.
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μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” 5쌍이 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ‘°λ₯˜μ™€ 더 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Let's hope she gets to put them to use.
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이λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 있기λ₯Ό 바라죠.
01:45
She regains her strength and, as winter turns to spring,
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암컷이 νž˜μ„ 되찾고 κ²¨μšΈμ—μ„œ λ΄„μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ©΄ 짝짓기 μ² μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
it’s time to mate.
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01:51
However, she can’t raise her young here.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μƒˆλΌλ₯Ό κΈ°λ₯Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ£ .
01:54
The surrounding land has begun to be deforested,
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μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 땅에 삼림이 없어지기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:57
causing the riverbank to erode.
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강둑이 μΉ¨μ‹λ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
01:59
Instead, she journeys upstream
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹ , 상λ₯˜λ‘œ 이동해
02:02
and settles in a clear, deep pool sheltered by a river red gum tree.
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리버 λ ˆλ“œ κ²€ λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό 맑고 κΉŠμ€ 웅덩이에 μ •μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Suddenly, a rustle flushes birds from the undergrowth and a fox appears.
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κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λΆ€μŠ€λŸ­κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬μ— 덀뢈 속 μƒˆλ“€μ΄ 도망가고
μ—¬μš°κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
These predators have threatened platypuses
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μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” 이 ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ€
02:16
ever since they were introduced to Australia by white settlers in 1855.
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1855년에 백인 정착민듀이 ν˜Έμ£Όμ— λ“€μ—¬μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
The fox doesn’t see her this time, but the platypus will need to stay alert.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ—¬μš°κ°€ 암컷을 보지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 항상 경계해야 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
Two males also occupy this area and, soon enough,
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이 μ§€μ—­μ—λŠ” μˆ˜μ»·λ„ 두 마리 μžˆλŠ”λ° 이 μˆ˜μ»·λ“€μ€ λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•„
02:31
they begin competing for her affections.
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μ•”μ»·μ˜ 애정을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ²½μŸν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
Each has spurs on its hind legs containing a potent snake-like venom.
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 뒷닀리에 μžˆλŠ” λ©°λŠλ¦¬λ°œν†±μ—λŠ” λ±€μ²˜λŸΌ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 독이 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
02:40
One male fights the other off and courts the female over several weeks,
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ν•œ 수컷이 λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜μ»·μ„ μ«“μ•„λ‚΄κ³  λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ 암컷을 μœ ν˜Ήν•˜κ³ 
02:44
swimming alongside her, and occasionally biting her tail.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μˆ˜μ˜ν•˜λ©°, λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ•”μ»·μ˜ 꼬리λ₯Ό 물기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Eventually, she reciprocates,
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 암컷이 이에 μ‘ν•˜λ©΄,
02:51
and they swim around in circles before doing the deed.
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그듀은 μ‹œμž‘ 전에 원을 그리며 헀엄을 치죠.
02:55
The male platypus has a penis with eccentric features
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수컷 μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬ μƒμ‹κΈ°μ˜ κΈ°μ΄ν•œ νŠΉμ§•μΈ
두 개의 머리와 κ°€μ‹œν„Έμ€ μˆ˜μ •μ„ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
like two heads and spines that aid and fertilization.
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03:02
Over the following week, the female constructs an extensive burrow
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 주에 걸쳐
암컷은 μ•„λŠ‘ν•œ λ‘₯지λ₯Ό κ°–μΆ˜ 넓은 ꡴을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
furnished with a cozy nest.
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03:09
She plugs up the tunnels leading in,
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암컷은 ꡴의 μž…κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ§‰μ•„μ„œ
03:11
making them appear as dead ends to potential predators.
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잠재적인 ν¬μ‹μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 막닀λ₯Έ 골λͺ©μ²˜λŸΌ 보이게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Then, much like a reptile or bird, she lays eggs from her cloaca,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬κ³ λŠ” 파좩λ₯˜λ‚˜ μƒˆμ²˜λŸΌ 배섀강을 톡해 μ•Œμ„ λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
a single opening that's used for both reproduction and excretion.
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이것은 생식과 배섀에 같이 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
She incubates her eggs, and as the river red gum tree blooms,
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암컷은 μ•Œμ„ ν’ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
리버 λ ˆλ“œ κ²€ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— 꽃이 ν•„ λ•Œ μ•Œμ΄ λΆ€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
her offspring hatch.
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03:33
Like other mammals, she feeds them milk.
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암컷은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 포유λ₯˜μ²˜λŸΌ μƒˆλΌμ—κ²Œ 젖을 λ¨Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
But unlike other mammals, she has no nipples.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 포유λ₯˜ λ™λ¬Όλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 μ•”μ»·μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 젖꼭지가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Instead, her milk oozes from mammary glands onto her belly,
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λŒ€μ‹  배에 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ„ μ—μ„œ 젖이 μŠ€λ©°λ‚˜μ™€
03:44
where her babies slurp it up.
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ΄ 이λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œκ²Œ 되죠.
03:46
This pooled milk invites bacteria,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 고인 μ –μ—λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μžλΌμ§€λ§Œ,
03:49
but the platypus also produces potent antibacterial proteins,
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μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ν•­κ·  λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
03:54
ensuring her newborns are safe.
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μƒˆλΌμ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ„ 보μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
She continues nursing them for four monthsβ€”
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암컷은 4κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ μƒˆλΌλ₯Ό λ³΄μ‚΄ν•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
hunting, evading the fox, and repairing her burrow all the while.
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사λƒ₯ν•˜κ³  μ—¬μš°λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜κ³  ꡴을 고치죠.
04:05
By the time her young are ready to make their debut,
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ΄ 세상에 λ‚˜κ°ˆ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 될 λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄ 여름이 μ €λ¬Όμ–΄ κ°€μ£ .
04:08
the summer is waning.
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04:10
One evening, after the female platypus returns from hunting,
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  저녁 μ•”μ»· μ˜€λ¦¬λ„ˆκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ 사λƒ₯μ—μ„œ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ ν›„,
04:14
she finds that one nestling has already struck off on its own.
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μƒˆλΌ ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 이미 슀슀둜 λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ©°
04:19
A few days later, the other also leaves the borough.
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λ©°μΉ  ν›„μ—” λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ„ λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Soon, her young are living completely independently.
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곧이어 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μƒˆλΌλ“€μ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ…λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
And eventually they’ll leave this part of the river to make homes of their own.
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κ²°κ΅­ μƒˆλΌλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 집을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이곳을 λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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