Three anti-social skills to improve your writing - Nadia Kalman

3,356,668 views ใƒป 2012-11-20

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:17
Dialogue gives a story color,
1
17263
1817
ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื‘ืข ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
00:19
makes it exciting and moves it forward.
2
19080
2433
ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืจื’ืฉ ื•ืžืงื“ื ืื•ืชื•.
00:21
Romeo: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied?
3
21513
4867
ืจื•ืžืื•: ืื•, ื”ืื ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืง?
00:26
Juliet: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight?
4
26380
4223
ื™ื•ืœื™ื”: ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”?
00:30
Romeo: The exchange of thy love's faithful vows for mine.
5
30603
6327
ืจื•ืžื™ืื•: ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืขื ืฉืœื™.
00:36
Without dialogue: (cricket sounds)
6
36930
4067
ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื• ืฉื™ื—:(ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ืฆืจืฆืจื™ื)
00:40
So what goes into writing effective dialogue?
7
40997
3583
ืื– ืžื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ื™ืขื™ืœ?
00:44
Well, there are social skills:
8
44580
2550
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื:
00:47
making friends, solving conflicts, being pleasant and polite.
9
47130
4783
ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืคืชื™ืจืช ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื.
00:51
We won't be using any of those today.
10
51913
2501
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:54
Instead, we'll be working on -- let's call them "anti-social skills."
11
54414
4718
.ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ -- ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืจื ืœื”ื "ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื."
00:59
If you're a writer, you may already have a few of these.
12
59132
3899
ืื ืืชื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžืืœื”.
01:03
The first is eavesdropping.
13
63031
2349
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื ื” ื‘ืกืชืจ.
01:05
If you're riding a bus and hear an interesting conversation, you could write it all down.
14
65380
4902
ืื ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื”.
01:10
Of course, when you write fiction, you're not describing real people,
15
70282
4198
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช, ืืชื ืœื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
01:14
you're making up characters.
16
74480
1783
ืืชื ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:16
But sometimes the words you overhear can give you ideas.
17
76263
3717
ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:19
"I did not," says one person.
18
79980
2784
"ืื ื™ ืœื," ืื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ืื—ื“.
01:22
"I saw you," the other replies.
19
82764
2717
"ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชืš,"ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื ื”.
01:25
Who might be saying those words?
20
85481
2833
ืžื™ ืขืฉื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•?
01:28
Maybe it's two kids in a class, and the boy thinks the girl pushed him.
21
88314
5450
ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื“ื—ืคื” ืื•ืชื•.
01:33
Maybe it's a couple, but one of them is a vampire,
22
93764
3199
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื–ื•ื’, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขืจืคื“,
01:36
and the woman vampire saw the man flirting with a zombie.
23
96963
4250
ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื”ืขืจืคื“ื™ืช ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืคืœืจื˜ื˜ ืขื ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™.
01:41
Or maybe not.
24
101213
2036
ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
01:43
Maybe the characters are a teenager and his mother,
25
103249
2497
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืื™ืžื•,
01:45
and they're supposed to be vegetarians, but the mother saw him eating a burger.
26
105746
5250
ื•ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืจืืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ.
01:50
So let's say you've decided on some characters.
27
110996
2668
ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:53
This is anti-social skill number two:
28
113664
2320
ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ื:
01:55
start pretending they're real.
29
115984
2364
ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
01:58
What are they like? Where are they from? What music do they listen to?
30
118348
3499
ืื™ืš ื”ื? ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื? ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื?
02:01
Spend some time with them.
31
121847
1667
ื‘ืœื• ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืชื.
02:03
If you're on a bus, think about what they might be doing if they were there too.
32
123514
3099
ืื ืืชื ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื’ื.
02:06
Would they talk on the phone, listen to music,
33
126613
2084
ื”ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
02:08
draw pictures, sleep?
34
128697
2133
ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื™ื?
02:10
What we say depends on who we are.
35
130830
3152
ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•.
02:13
An older person might speak differently than a younger person.
36
133982
2821
ืื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจืช ืžืื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:16
Someone from the south might speak differently than someone from the north.
37
136803
3860
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื“ืจื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจืช ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ.
02:20
Once you know your characters, you can figure out how they talk.
38
140663
4383
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:25
At this stage, it's helpful to use anti-social skill number three:
39
145046
3819
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ:
02:28
muttering to yourself.
40
148865
1115
ืžืœืžื•ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื.
02:29
When you speak your character's words, you can hear whether they sound natural,
41
149980
3332
ื›ืฉืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื ื”ื ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
02:33
and fix them if necessary.
42
153312
2168
ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืื ืฆืจื™ืš.
02:35
Remember, most people are usually pretty informal when they speak.
43
155480
3651
ื–ื›ืจื•, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:39
They use simple language and contractions.
44
159131
2701
ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื•ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
02:41
So, "Do not attempt to lie to me" sounds more natural as "Don't try to lie to me."
45
161832
6200
ืื–, "ืืœ ืชื ืกื” ืœืฉืงืจ ืœื™" ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืž "ืืœ ืชื ืกื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉืงืจ."
02:48
Also keep it short.
46
168032
2198
ื’ื ืชื“ืื’ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืจ.
02:50
People tend to speak in short bursts,
47
170230
2001
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฆื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื,
02:52
not lengthy speeches.
48
172231
2133
ืœื ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.
02:54
And let the dialogue do the work.
49
174364
1849
ื•ืชื ื• ืœื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:56
Ask yourself: do I really need that adverb?
50
176213
3917
ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื: ื”ืื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ื”?
03:00
For instance, "'Your money or your life,' she said threateningly."
51
180130
4783
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, "'ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,' ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื™ื™ืžืช."
03:04
Here, "threateningly" is redundant, so you can get rid of it.
52
184913
3918
ื›ืืŸ, "ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื™ื™ืžืช" ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
03:08
But if the words and the actions don't match, an adverb can be helpful.
53
188831
4516
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืชื•ืืžื•ืช, ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
03:13
"'Your money or your life,' she said lovingly."
54
193347
4033
"'ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,' ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”."
03:17
So, to recap:
55
197380
2300
ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ:
03:19
First, eavesdrop. Next, pretend imaginary people are real.
56
199680
3818
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืฆื•ืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
03:23
Finally, mutter to yourself, and write it all down.
57
203498
4482
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืžืœืžืœ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื, ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”.
03:27
You already have everything you need.
58
207980
2718
ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
03:30
This is fictional dialogue, or "How to Hear Voices in Your Head."
59
210698
4115
ื–ื” ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™, ืื• "ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื."
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7