The incredible collaboration behind the International Space Station - Tien Nguyen

687,059 views ใƒป 2015-09-29

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:10
Have you ever been gazing at a starry sky
0
10332
2126
ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืฆืคื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืœืื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื
00:12
when suddenly a bright dot glided into view?
1
12458
3751
ื›ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื’ืœืฉื” ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืจืื™ื”?
00:16
If it wasn't blinking, then you've had the distinct pleasure
2
16209
2932
ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ
00:19
of seeing one of mankind's greatest collaborative feats with your own eyes:
3
19141
5141
ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื:
00:24
The International Space Station.
4
24282
3273
ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
00:27
Roughly the size of six-bedroom house, and weighing more than 320 cars,
5
27555
5465
ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉื•ืงืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 320 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:33
the International Space Station is so large
6
33020
3076
ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
00:36
that no single rocket could have lifted it into orbit.
7
36096
3955
ืฉืืฃ ื˜ื™ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉื’ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ.
00:40
Instead, it was assembled piece by piece
8
40051
2706
ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืœืง
00:42
while hurtling through space at 28,000 kilometers per hour,
9
42757
4812
ื‘ืขื•ื“ื” ื˜ืกื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 28,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”,
00:47
lapping the Earth once every 90 minutes.
10
47569
3338
ืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ 90 ื“ืงื•ืช.
00:50
It all started when sixteen nations signed
11
50907
2602
ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืฉืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืชืžื•
00:53
the Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement,
12
53509
3082
ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
00:56
laying out each partner's expected contributions to the ISS,
13
56591
4827
ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื ื”,
01:01
from modules and maintenance to sharing information and finances.
14
61418
4399
ืžืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
01:05
At an estimated 100 billion U.S. dollars,
15
65817
2866
ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
01:08
the Space Station would be the most expensive object ever built.
16
68683
5317
ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื™ ืคืขื.
01:14
The whole world watched
17
74000
1094
ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืคื”
01:15
as a Russian rocket launched the first module of the ISS into the sky.
18
75094
5466
ื›ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืจื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืœื—ืœืœ.
01:20
Zarya, meaning sunrise, was equipped with two solar panels
19
80560
4555
ื–ืจื™ื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ื–ืจื™ื—ื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
01:25
and a propulsion system that had the important task
20
85115
2604
ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
01:27
of keeping the young station from crashing into the Earth
21
87719
3474
ื‘ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืžืœื”ืชืจืกืง ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:31
by staying a safe 400 kilometers away.
22
91193
3985
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ 400 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
01:35
The U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour followed two weeks later
23
95178
3946
ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืื ื“ื•ื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:39
carrying Unity, a node module to which other modules could be connected,
24
99124
4530
ื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:43
and an international six-person assembly crew.
25
103654
4109
ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:47
Then came Zvezda, which brought communications and living accommodations.
26
107763
5526
ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื–ื•ื•ื–ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.
01:53
Ever since the International Space Station's first tenants arrived,
27
113289
3596
ืžืื– ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื•,
01:56
it's been continually occupied
28
116885
1921
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช
01:58
with more than 200 visitors spending an average of six months on board.
29
118806
6014
ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 200 ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
02:04
Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti holds the record
30
124820
2668
ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืช ืกืžื ืชื” ื›ืจื™ืกื•ืคื•ืจื˜ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื
02:07
for the longest single space flight by a woman at 199 days on the ISS.
31
127488
7227
ื‘ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ 199 ื™ืžื™ื.
02:14
2001 saw the arrival of Destiny, the first of four research modules,
32
134715
5080
2001 ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ื“ืกื˜ื™ื ื™, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ,
02:19
where astronauts spend approximately 36 hours a week
33
139795
3656
ืฉื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืจืš 36 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข
02:23
conducting extraordinary experiments in microgravity.
34
143451
4113
ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื• ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
02:27
Their schedules are packed with exercise,
35
147564
2155
ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื—ื•ืก ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื,
02:29
two hours a day to fend off muscle atrophy,
36
149719
2541
ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื,
02:32
station maintenance and repair,
37
152260
2603
ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื,
02:34
and connecting with family or awe-inspired minds around the world.
38
154863
4562
ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
02:39
But they still find time for fun, with regular movie nights
39
159425
2974
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื™ืฃ, ืขื ืขืจื‘ื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืจืชื™ื™ื
02:42
and even shooting the first music video in space.
40
162399
4122
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
02:46
Destiny also controls the seven-jointed robotic Canadarm2.
41
166521
5392
ื“ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื’ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืงื ื“ืืจื2 ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื.
02:51
Capable of moving more than 100,000 kilograms,
42
171913
3282
ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 100,000 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื,
02:55
it's perfect for unloading new arrivals from shuttles.
43
175195
4848
ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืคืจื™ืงืช ื”ื’ืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืขื‘ื•ืจื•ืช.
03:00
2001 was a busy year for the Space Station with the addition of Quest,
44
180043
4141
2001 ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืขืžื•ืกื” ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ืกื˜,
03:04
the main airlock for strolls outside,
45
184184
2796
ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
03:06
and Pirs, a pier for Russian spacecrafts to dock
46
186980
3635
ื•ืคื™ืจืก, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขื’ื™ื ื” ืœื—ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช
03:10
including the ever-ready emergency escape vehicle, Soyuz.
47
190615
4631
ื›ื•ืœืœื” ืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“, ืกื•ื™ื•ื–.
03:15
Then, on February 1st, 2003,
48
195246
3658
ืื–, ื‘-1 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2003,
03:18
after delivering research modules to the ISS,
49
198904
2925
ืื—ืจื™ ืืกืคืงืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ,
03:21
the space shuttle Columbia exploded during reentry
50
201829
3950
ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
03:25
tragically killing the seven-member crew on board.
51
205779
4208
ื•ื”ืจื’ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ืืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
03:29
After a four-year hiatus, work quickly picked up pace
52
209987
3338
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชืคืกื” ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื”ืจื”
03:33
with the addition of more hubs, airlocks, docks,
53
213325
3563
ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื‘ื™ื, ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ ืื•ื™ืจ, ืžืขื’ื ื•ืช,
03:36
and an observation cupola for stunning 360-degree views of our world and beyond.
54
216888
8185
ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืœืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 360 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ.
03:45
Other critical components included platforms and trusses to support radiators
55
225073
4251
ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื
03:49
that direct all the heat generated by the station's electronics into space
56
229324
5298
ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ืœื—ืœืœ
03:54
and solar panels that are efficient enough to power 55 homes.
57
234622
4889
ื•ืชืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ื›ื•ื— ืœ 55 ื‘ืชื™ื.
03:59
It took ten years and over 30 missions,
58
239511
2402
ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 30 ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช,
04:01
but finally, the International Space Station was complete,
59
241913
4337
ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”,
04:06
coinciding with the U.S. Space Shuttle Program's retirement.
60
246250
3314
ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
04:09
The Space Station continues to serve as an incredible model
61
249564
3375
ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืจืช ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
04:12
for international collaboration.
62
252939
2599
ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
04:15
This year, two people began a one-year stay on the ISS,
63
255538
3730
ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ,
04:19
allowing scientists to study the long-term physical and psychological effects
64
259268
4526
ืžื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—
04:23
of being in space,
65
263794
2052
ืฉืœ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
04:25
which would prove useful for increasingly ambitious space travel,
66
265846
3373
ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ื— ื›ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœืžืกืข ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
04:29
like trips to Mars.
67
269219
2376
ื›ืžื• ืžืกืขื•ืช ืœืžืื“ื™ื.
04:31
Over its lifetime, we've learned an immense amount scientifically,
68
271595
3730
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
04:35
but also about our capacity to work together
69
275325
2851
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“
04:38
and accomplish truly remarkable acts.
70
278176
2824
ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7