Should you care what your parents think?

655,666 views ใƒป 2022-10-04

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:08
If I told you not to press this big red button,
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ืœื• ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืœื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
00:14
what would you do?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
00:16
For many people, thereโ€™s no greater motivation to do something
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื
00:19
than being told they canโ€™t.
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ืžื–ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ.
00:22
So, what is it about being told โ€œnoโ€ that triggers this response?
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื โ€œืœืโ€ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•?
ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื•
00:29
One of the most enduring explanations for this behavior
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00:32
is what psychologists call reactance theory.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
00:36
Reactance is a motivational state that occurs
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช
00:40
when people feel their freedom is being threatened,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ืžืื•ื™ื,
00:43
and it compels them to take actions they see as restoring that freedom.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
00:48
Sometimes this emerges as general frustration or direct argument,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ,
00:53
but the most straightforward response
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
00:55
is to simply do the thing they were told not to.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
00:59
This behavior plays out in public spaces,
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
01:02
like when people ignore health campaigns they perceive as overbearing,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื›ืฉืชืœื˜ื ื™ื,
01:06
and in private spaces, like parent-child relationships.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:10
However, there are situations where something being forbidden
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืืกื•ืจ
01:14
actually makes it less tempting.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคืชื”.
01:17
In 1972, psychologists at the University of Colorado
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1972, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื•
01:22
wanted to know if a romantic relationship facing parental disapproval
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ืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื
01:27
was more likely to strengthen or crumble under the pressure.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืชื—ื–ืง ืื• ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืจืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ.
01:32
To answer this question, they surveyed 140 couples,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื ืกืงืจื• 140 ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช,
01:36
varying widely in measures of happiness,
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ
01:38
but all fairly serious in terms of commitment.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
01:42
Only some couples reported perceived parental opposition to their relationship
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ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
01:47
over the studyโ€™s six-month period.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ.
01:49
But those that did also reported a steady increase in love for one another.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
01:55
The researchers named this trend the Romeo and Juliet Effect
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ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ื™ื ื• ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืืคืงื˜ ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื”
02:00
after literatureโ€™s most famous forbidden lovers
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ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช
02:03
and concluded that the results were largely motivated by reactance.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
02:07
But in the decades since this publication,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืžืื– ืคืจืกื•ื ื–ื”,
02:10
most follow-up studies have suggested the opposite is true.
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ืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:15
In fact, the long-term success of a romantic relationship
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช
02:19
can be predicted by the perceived approval or disapproval
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ื”ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช
02:23
of the coupleโ€™s friends and family.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’.
02:26
This trend is known as the Social Network Effect.
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ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
02:31
So why doesnโ€™t reactance win out over the Social Network Effect?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืืช ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช?
02:36
You might think itโ€™s because we value our existing relationships
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:39
over our potential relationships.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:41
But in most cases, disapproving friends and family
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื
02:45
are just voicing negative opinions or passively not supporting a relationship.
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ืจืง ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
02:50
Itโ€™s rarely a dramatic choice of us or them.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืฉืœื”ื.
02:54
And when it comes to parents,
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื,
02:56
most people with good relationships with their parents
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
02:58
feel they can ignore their parentโ€™s advice without serious consequences,
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืขืฆืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœืœื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช,
03:03
while people with bad parental relationships
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื
03:06
often donโ€™t care what they think anyway.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”.
03:09
So if disapproved relationships are more likely to fail,
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ืื– ืื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ,
03:13
does this mean weโ€™re not willing to fight to date who we want?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
03:17
Well, it might vary from person to person.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื.
03:20
One theory is that thereโ€™s actually two types of reactance:
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ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”:
03:24
defiant reactance, which is impulsively doing the opposite of what weโ€™re told,
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืจื™ืกื”, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืš ืžืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•,
03:29
and independent reactance, which reflects our deeper desire to make our own choices.
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ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,ื”ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:35
For example, if you tell someone with high defiant reactance to lower their voice,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืจื™ืกื” ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืืช ืงื•ืœื,
03:41
theyโ€™ll probably start shouting.
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ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆืขื•ืง.
03:44
Whereas someone with high independent reactance is more likely
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:48
to simply ignore the request and do what they believe is appropriate.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืœื.
03:53
So when it comes to relationship disapproval,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
03:56
a defiant person might respond by pursuing their romance in secret,
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ืื“ื ืžืชืจื™ืก ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืกืชืจ,
04:00
but that doesnโ€™t change how the groupโ€™s opinion
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื™ืš ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
04:03
negatively impacts their relationship.
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:06
Conversely, someone with a particularly independent personality might be capable
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
04:12
of ignoring their friendsโ€™ concerns and loving whomever they want.
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
04:18
The idea of defiant and independent reactance is fairly new,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื’ื‘ ืžืชืจื™ืก ื•ืขืฆืžืื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
04:22
and researchers are still working to uncover all the motivations
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื
04:26
behind the Social Network Effect.
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
04:28
But these theories help illuminate the important relationship
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘
04:32
between reactance and our competing needs for independence and inclusion.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ืœืœื”.
04:37
How we balance these desires varies across individuals and cultures.
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืื–ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:43
But no matter how prone to reactance we may be,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
04:46
our social networks are vital to our sense of identity and well-being.
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ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:52
This is especially true in our romantic relationships.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:56
Studies have found that support from a few close companions
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
05:00
can help buffer against disapproval from others.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืกื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื.
05:04
And most relationships do better once the individuals involved
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
05:07
find supportive social networks.
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช.
05:10
This outcome might not seem as romantic as a forbidden love affair,
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ืชื•ืฆืื” ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืจืฉืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืืกื•ืจื”,
05:14
but itโ€™s actually in keeping with the story of Romeo and Juliet,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื”,
05:19
whose embattled relationship couldn't endure the threats of extreme disapproval.
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ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœืช ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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