Why do some people go bald? - Sarthak Sinha

3,443,059 views ใƒป 2015-08-25

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:06
What do Charles Darwin, Michael Jordan, and Yoda have in common?
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ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื’'ื•ืจื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ื•ื“ื”?
00:11
They, like many other historical and fictive individuals, are bald,
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ื”ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืงืจื—ื™ื,
00:16
in some cases by their own choice.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
00:19
For centuries, a shining dome has been a symbol of intelligence,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื”,
00:23
but despite this, many balding people still wish their hair would return.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื—ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื• ืฉืฉื™ืขืจื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
00:28
Scientists have long pondered,
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ืžื“ืขื™ื ืชื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
00:30
"Why do some people lose their hair, and how can we bring it back?"
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"ืœืžื” ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื, ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•?"
00:35
The full-headed among us have about 100,000 to 150,000 hairs on our scalps,
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 100,000 ืขื“ 150,000 ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืคืช,
00:41
and scientists have discovered two things about this dense thicket.
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจืขืžื” ื”ื“ื—ื•ืกื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:45
Firstly, the sprouting hair we see is mostly made up of keratin,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืงืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
00:50
the protein leftover from dead cells that are forced upwards
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ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืฉื ื“ื—ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื”
00:54
as new cells grow beneath them.
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ื›ืฉืชืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืชื.
00:57
Secondly, the structures that drive hair growth
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืขืจ
01:00
are called hair follicles,
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ื ืงืจืื™ื ื–ืงื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ,
01:02
a network of complex organs that forms before we're born,
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ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื,
01:06
and grows hair in an everlasting cycle.
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ื•ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™.
01:10
This cycle has three main phases.
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ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
01:12
The first is anagen, the growth phase,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื ื’ืŸ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”,
01:15
which up to 90% of your hair follicles are experiencing right now,
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ืฉืขื“ 90% ืžื”ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
01:20
causing them to push up hair at a rate of one centimeter per month.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
01:24
Anagen can last for two to seven years, depending on your genes.
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ืื ื’ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืข, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
01:29
After this productive period,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
01:31
signals within the skin instruct some follicles to enter a new phase
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ืื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืฉืœื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ
01:36
known as catagen, or the regressing stage,
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืงื˜ื’ืŸ, ืื• ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื ืกื•ื’,
01:39
causing hair follicles to shrink to a fraction of their original length.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ืงื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœืงื™ืง ืžื”ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
01:44
Catagen lasts for about two to three weeks
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ืงื˜ื’ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”
01:47
and cuts blood supply to the follicle, creating a club hair,
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ื•ืžื ืชืง ืืช ื–ืจื ื”ื“ื ืœื–ืงื™ืง, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžืช,
01:51
meaning it's ready to be shed.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืฉื•ืจ.
01:54
Finally, hairs enter telogen, the resting phase,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื˜ืœื•ื’ืŸ, ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”,
01:57
which lasts for ten to twelve weeks,
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ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
01:59
and affects about 5-15% of your scalp follicles.
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ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 5-15% ืžื–ืงื™ืงื™ ื”ืงืจืงืคืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:03
During telogen, up to 200 club hairs can be shed in a day,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ืœื•ื’ืŸ, ืขื“ 200 ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
02:08
which is quite normal.
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
02:10
Then, the growth cycle begins anew.
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ืื–, ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘.
02:13
But not all heads are hairy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ื ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื,
02:15
and, in fact, some of them grow increasingly patchy over time
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื“ื™ ื“ืœื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
02:19
in response to bodily changes.
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
02:22
95% of baldness in men can be attributed to male pattern baldness.
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95% ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช.
02:28
Baldness is inherited,
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ืงืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉืช,
02:29
and in people with this condition,
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ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
02:31
follicles become incredibly sensitive to the effects of dihydrotestosterone,
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ื”ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื”ื™ื™ื“ืจื•-ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
02:36
a hormonal product made from testosterone.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
02:40
DHT causes shrinkage in these overly sensitive follicles,
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DHT ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
02:45
making hair shorter and wispier.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืœืงืฆืจ ื•ื“ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:47
But loss isn't sudden.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื ืคืชืื•ืžื™.
02:49
It happens gradually, along a metric known as the Norwood Scale,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื“ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืžื“ื“ ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื“,
02:54
which describes the severity of hair loss.
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ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ.
02:57
First, hair recedes along the temples,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ืกื•ื’ ื‘ืจืงื•ืช,
02:59
then hair on the crown begins to thin in a circular pattern.
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ืื– ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื“ืœื“ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช.
03:04
At the highest rating on the scale,
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ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื“,
03:06
these balding areas meet and expand dramatically,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช,
03:10
eventually leaving only a ring of sparse hair around the temples
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื“ืœื™ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืงื•ืช
03:15
and the back of the head.
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ื•ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ.
03:17
Genetics isn't all that drives hair loss.
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ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืจ.
03:19
Long periods of stress can release signals that shock follicles
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ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง
03:24
and force them into the resting phase prematurely.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื™.
03:27
Some women experience this after childbirth.
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ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ื”.
03:30
Follicles might also lose the ability to go into anagen, the growth phase.
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ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื ื’ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.
03:35
People going through chemotherapy treatment temporarily experience this.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื–ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
03:40
But while balding may look permanent,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชืงืจื—ื•ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
03:42
scientific investigation has revealed the opposite.
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ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืš.
03:46
Below the skin's surface,
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ,
03:48
the roots that give rise to our hair actually remain alive.
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ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:52
Using this knowledge,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
03:53
scientists have developed drugs that shorten the resting phase,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืžืงืฆืจืช ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”,
03:57
and force follicles into anagen.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืื ื’ืŸ.
04:00
Other drugs combat male pattern baldness
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืงืจื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช
04:02
by blocking the conversion of testosterone to DHT
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืœ DHT
04:06
so that it doesn't affect those sensitive follicles.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:10
Stem cells also play a role in regulating the growth cycle,
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ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”,
04:13
and so scientists are investigating whether they can manipulate
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ื•ื›ืš ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
04:17
the activity of these cells to encourage follicles to start producing hair again.
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ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื‘.
04:23
And in the meantime,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื,
04:24
while scientists hone their hair-reviving methods,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืฉื—ื™ื–ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
04:27
anyone going bald, or considering baldness,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื—, ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืงืจื—ื•ืช,
04:30
can remember that they're in great company.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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