A day in the life of a Celtic Druid - Philip Freeman

1,784,812 views ใƒป 2019-09-17

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:07
As the sun rises on a fall morning in 55 BCE,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืกืชื™ื• ื‘ 55 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”,
00:12
Camma lays two pigeons on the altar at the center of her village.
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ื›ืืžื” ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ืคืจ.
00:17
She offers a prayer to Matrona mother goddess of the Earth,
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
00:20
and Lugus chief of the gods.
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ื•ืœื•ื’ื•ืก ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ื”ืืœื™ื.
00:23
Then, she wrings the birdsโ€™ necks
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื ืžืœืงื” ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
00:25
and cuts them open to examine their entrails for divine messages.
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ื•ื—ืชื›ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืกืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™.
00:30
Camma is a druid.
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ื›ืืžื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ืช.
00:32
This means she conducts religious rites,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื,
00:35
but she also serves as a judge, healer, and scholar,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉืจืชืช ื›ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช, ืžืจืคืื”, ื•ืžืœื•ืžื“ืช,
00:38
teaching children and mediating conflict between Celtic tribes.
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ืžืœืžื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื›ืช ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ื.
00:43
She began her studies as a child,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื” ื›ื™ืœื“ื”,
00:45
memorizing the countless details necessary to perform her many roles,
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ืฉื™ื ื ื” ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช,
00:49
since the druidsโ€™ knowledge is considered too sacred to record in writing.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ืœืชืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘.
00:55
Like many druids, she spent years studying in Britain.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
00:58
Now, she is a resident Druid of the Veneti tribe
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื”ื ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ื ื˜ื™
01:01
in a small farming village near the western coast of Gaul,
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืืœื™ื”,
01:05
in what is now France.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืฆืจืคืช.
01:07
Since returning to Gaul, she has received many offers of marriageโ€“
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ืžืื– ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืœื’ืืœื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ --
01:11
but she has decided to devote herself to her work, at least for now.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
01:16
This morning, the omens are troubling.
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ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื.
01:18
They tell of war and strife, as they often have in recent months.
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืงื•ืฉื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
01:23
A neighboring tribe, the Redones,
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ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื,
01:25
have raided their village and stolen cattle in broad daylight twice this fall.
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ืคืฉื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ ื‘ืงืจ ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกืชื™ื•.
01:30
The children have gathered around to watch her work.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืชืืกืคื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.
01:33
Camma plays her lyre and sings to them.
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ื›ืืžื” ืžื ื’ื ืช ื‘ืœื™ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื.
01:36
She weaves stories of the powerful kings who once ruled their land โ€“
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืคืขื ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ --
01:40
brave warriors who were slain naked in combat but who will be reborn,
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ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ืขื™ืจื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
01:45
as will all the Celts.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ื™ื.
01:47
When the children go off to help in the fields,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช,
01:49
Camma heads across the village to visit an old woman with an eye infection.
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ื›ืืžื” ืคื•ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื™ืฉื” ื–ืงื ื” ืขื ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขื™ืŸ.
01:54
On the way to the old womanโ€™s hut,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืงืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ืงื ื”,
01:56
she passes men salting pigs for the winter food supply
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืžืœื™ื—ื™ื ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ
02:00
and women weaving clothing from dyed wool.
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžืฆืžืจ ืฆื‘ื•ืข.
02:03
She delivers a remedy for the injured eyeโ€“
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืขื™ืŸ ื”ืคื’ื•ืขื” --
02:05
itโ€™s made from mistletoe, a sacred healing plant,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืŸ, ืฆืžื— ืžืจืคื ืงื“ื•ืฉ,
02:08
but deadly if used incorrectly.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
02:11
From there, Camma visits the chieftain to discuss the omens.
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ืžืฉื, ื›ืืžื” ืžื‘ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืฆ'ื™ืคื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ื.
02:15
She convinces him to go and talk through their problems with their neighbors.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื.
02:18
Accompanied by several warriors,
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ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื,
02:20
they head through the forest and demand a meeting
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื™ืขืจ ื•ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื”
02:23
outside the Redonesโ€™ village walls.
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ืžื—ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืคืจ ื”ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื.
02:25
The Redonesโ€™ representatives bring their own druid,
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ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืจื“ื•ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืฉืœื•,
02:28
who Camma recognizes from the annual gathering in central Gaul
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ืฉื›ืืžื” ืžื–ื”ื” ืžื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื’ืืœื™ื”
02:32
where head druids are elected.
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ืฉื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื.
02:34
The chieftains immediately begin to argue and threaten each other.
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ื”ืฆ'ื™ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ื•ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:38
Camma steps between the opposing sides to stop them from fightingโ€”
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ื›ืืžื” ืคื•ืกืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืœื”ืœื—ื --
02:42
they must honor her authority.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
02:44
Finally, the Redones agree to pay Cammaโ€™s tribe several cattle.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืืžื” ื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืงืจ.
02:48
In spite of this resolution, Camma still feels uneasy on the long walk home.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืืžื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
02:54
As they approach the village walls, a bright streak shoots across the skyโ€”
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจ, ืคืก ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื --
02:58
another omen, but of what?
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ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”?
03:01
Back home, Camma sits among the elders for her evening meal of porridge,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืืžื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืกื”,
03:05
a bit of meat, and a cup of wine.
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ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:08
While they were out during the day, an intercepted parchment arrived.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืงืœืฃ ืžื™ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข.
03:12
Camma recognizes the writing immediately.
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ื›ืืžื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื“.
03:16
Although the druids are forbidden from recording their knowledge,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื,
03:19
she and many other young druids can read Latin.
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ื”ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
03:23
From the message, she learns that the Romans are drawing closer to their lands.
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ืžื”ืžืกืจ, ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืฉื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื.
03:28
Some of the elders say that the tribe should flee to the nearby hills and hide,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื,
03:33
but Camma counsels them to trust in the gods and remain in their home.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืžื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื.
03:37
Privately, she has her doubts.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”.
03:39
Should the Romans reach them, her power to help might be limited.
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ืื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื™ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
03:43
Unlike the other Celtic tribes,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:45
Roman legions have no regard for the druidsโ€™ sacred role as peacemakers.
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ืœืœื’ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ื.
03:50
Before going to bed,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ,
03:51
she observes the course of the planets and consults her charts,
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ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
03:55
trying to make sense of the meteor she saw earlier.
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ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจ ืฉืจืืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
03:58
The signs are converging on a larger threat than their neighbors.
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ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื™ ืื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื›ื ื™ื”ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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