Who IS Sherlock Holmes - Neil McCaw

Translator: Aprilia Agatha Gunawan Reviewer: Dewi Barnas

More than a century after first emerging

Lebih dari satu abad setelah penampilan perdananya

into the fog-bound, gas-lit streets of Victorian London,

di jalanan London zaman Victoria yang berkabut dan diterangi cahaya redup,

Sherlock Holmes is universally recognizable.

Sherlock Holmes dikenal di seluruh dunia.

Even his wardrobe and accessories are iconic:

Bahkan pakaian dan aksesorinya ikonis:

the Inverness cape,

mantel inverness-nya,

deerstalker hat,

topi pemburu rusa

and calabash pipe,

dan pipa tembakau,

and figures such as his best friend and housemate Doctor Watson,

serta orang-orang seperti teman terdekat dan serumahnya Dokter Watson,

arch-nemesis Moriarty,

musuh bebuyutannya Moriarty,

and housekeeper Mrs. Hudson

dan sang penjaga rumah Nyonya Hudson,

have become part of the popular consciousness,

familiar di mata publik,

as have his extraordinary, infallible powers of deduction

seperti halnya kemampuan deduksi Holmes yang tak tertandingi

utilized in the name of the law,

dalam menegakkan hukum,

his notorious drug use,

kecanduannya akan obat-obatan,

and his popular catchphrase, "Elementary, my dear Watson."

dan kalimatnya yang terkenal, "Mudah saja, Watson sahabatku."

And yet many of these most recognizable features of Holmes

Tetapi banyak aspek yang paling dikenal dari sosok Holmes ini

don't appear in Arthur Conan Doyle's original stories.

tidak ada di cerita-cerita asli Arthur Conan Doyle.

Doyle's great detective solves crimes in all sorts of ways,

Detektif hebat ciptaan Doyle ini memecahkan kasus dengan berbagai cara,

not just using deduction.

tidak hanya dengan melakukan deduksi.

He speculates, and at times even guesses, and regularly makes false assumptions.

Ia berspekulasi, dan kadang bahkan menebak dan membuat asumsi yang salah.

Furthermore, Mrs. Hudson is barely mentioned,

Terlebih lagi, Nyonya Hudson hampir tak pernah disebut,

no one says, "Elementary, my dear Watson,"

tidak ada yang mengatakan "Mudah saja, Watson sahabatku,"

and the detective and his sidekick live apart for much of the time.

dan mereka berdua biasanya tinggal terpisah.

Moriarty, the grand villain, only appears in two stories,

Moriarty, sang penjahat utama, hanya muncul di dua cerita,

the detective's drug use is infrequent after the first two novels,

Holmes tak lagi sering menggunakan obat-obatan setelah dua novel pertama,

and Holmes is rarely enthralled to the English legal system;

dan jarang sekali Holmes mengabdi pada sistem hukum Inggris;

He much prefers enacting his own form of natural justice

Ia lebih senang menegakkan keadilan menurutnya standarnya sendiri

to sticking to the letter of the law.

daripada mengikuti hukum seratus persen.

Finally, many of the most iconic elements of the Holmesian legend

Akhirnya, banyak elemen ikonis dari legenda Sherlock Holmes

aren't Doyle's either.

bukan milik Doyle.

The deerstalker cap and cape were first imagined by Sidney Paget,

Topi dan mantelnya pertama kali dibuat oleh Sidney Paget,

the story's initial illustrator.

ilustrator pertama cerita.

the curved pipe was chosen by American actor William Gillette

Pipa melengkungnya dipilih oleh aktor Amerika William Gillette

so that audiences could more clearly see his face on stage,

agar para penonton dapat melihat jelas wajahnya di panggung,

and the phrase, "Elementary, my dear Watson,"

dan kalimat, "Mudah saja, Watson sahabatku,"

was coined by author and humorist P.G. Wodehouse.

diciptakan oleh aktor dan pelawak P. G. Wodehouse.

So who exactly is Sherlock Holmes?

Jadi siapa sebenarnya Sherlock Holmes?

Who's the real great detective, and where do we find him?

Siapa detektif hebat sesungguhnya, dan dimana kita dapat menemukannya?

Purists might answer that the original Sherlock

Para tradisionalis mungkin menjawab bahwa Sherlock yang asli

inspired by Arthur Conan Doyle's university mentor Dr. Joseph Bell

terinspirasi dari dosen Arthur Conan Doyle,Dr. Joseph Bell,

is the real one.

adalah yang asli.

But the fact remains that that version of Sherlock has been largely eclipsed

Tapi faktanya adalah, Sherlock versi itu telah sangat pudar

by the sheer volume of interpretation,

dan tertutupi oleh begitu banyak interpretasi tentangnya

leaving Doyle's detective largely unrecognizable.

sehingga detektif milik Doyle ini hampir tak bisa dikenali lagi.

So there's another, more complex,

Ada jawaban lain yang lebih kompleks,

but perhaps more satisfying answer to the question,

tapi mungkin juga lebih memuaskan,

but to get there, we must first consider the vast body of interpretations

namun untuk kesana, kita harus memperhitungkan multi-interpretasi

of the great detective.

dari detektif hebat ini.

Since Conan Doyle's first story in 1887,

Sejak cerita pertama Conan Doyle tahun 1887,

there have been thousands of adaptations of Holmes,

sudah ada ribuan adaptasi Sherlock Holmes,

making him perhaps the most adapted fictional character in the world.

menjadikannya karakter fiktif yang paling sering diadaptasi di dunia.

That process began with Victorian stage adaptations,

Proses tersebut mulai dari adaptasi teater zaman Victoria,

and accelerated with the emergence of film.

dan semakin meningkat dengan kemunculan film.

There were more than 100 film adaptations of Holmes

Ada lebih dari 100 adaptasi film Sherlock Holmes

in the first two decades of the 20th century alone.

hanya dalam dua dekade pertama abad ke-20.

And since then, there have many thousands more in print,

Sejak itu, ada ribuan lebih dalam bentuk cetak,

and on film,

film,

television,

televisi,

stage,

and radio.

panggung teater,

Holmes has been reinterpreted by people everywhere,

dan radio.

Holmes telah diinterpretasi oleh banyak orang di banyak tempat

in remarkably different, and often contradictory ways.

secara sangat berbeda, dan seringkali juga berlawanan.

These adaptations demonstrate both Holmes's popularity

Ini menunjukan popularitas Holmes

and his malleability.

sekaligus fleksibilitasnya.

For instance, he featured in a number of allied anti-Nazi propaganda films

Sebagai contoh, ia muncul dalam beberapa film propaganda anti-Nazi Sekutu

during World War II.

selama Perang Dunia II.

And both Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Winston Churchill dan Franklin Delano Roosevelt

were avid enthusiasts,

adalah penggemar berat Holmes;

the latter even joining the Baker Street Irregulars,

Roosevelt bahkan bergabung dalam satu komunitas pengapresiasi Holmes,

a Holmesian appreciation society,

Baker Street Irregulars,

and nicknaming one secret service hideout Baker Street.

dan menamai salah satu markas agen rahasia AS: Baker Street.

And yet, at the very same time,

Tetapi dalam waktu yang bersamaan,

Holmes also appeared in various German-language film adaptations,

Holmes juga muncul di berbagai film berbahasa Jerman,

some of which were said to have been much-loved favorites of Adolf Hitler.

beberapa di antaranya disebutkan sebagai favorit Adolf Hitler.

So let's return to our question.

Jadi, kembali ke pertanyaan kita.

Would the real Sherlock Holmes please stand up?

Bisakah Sherlock Holmes yang asli berdiri?

The truth is that this world of adaptation has made him into a palimpsest.

Kenyataannya, dunia adaptasi ini menjadikannya "palimpsest."

Sherlock is a cultural text,

Sherlock adalah teks kultural,

repeatedly altered over time as each new interpretation becomes superimposed

yang berkali-kali diubah, dengan setiap interpretasi baru menutupi

over those that proceed it.

interpretasi yang lama.

This means that Sherlock continually evolves,

Ini berarti Sherlock terus berkembang,

embodying ideas and values often far removed

mewujudkan ide dan nilai yang semakin

from those found in Conan Doyle.

berbeda dari yang diciptakan Conan Doyle.

And after each particular story ends, Sherlock rises again,

Setelah satu cerita berakhir, Sherlock bangkit lagi,

a little changed, perhaps,

mungkin sedikit berbeda,

with a new face and fresh mannerisms or turns of phrase,

dengan wajah, sikap dan gaya baru, atau kosakata baru,

but still essentially Sherlock, our Sherlock.

tapi ia tetap Sherlock, Sherlock milik kita.