Let's launch a satellite to track a threatening greenhouse gas | Fred Krupp

67,532 views ・ 2018-09-27

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: SF Huang
00:13
We've got a big problem on our hands with global warming.
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我們手上有個很棘手的 全球暖化問題。
00:16
A lot of you, a lot of people have been watching the floods,
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很多人都看到
00:21
the droughts, the storms, the fires.
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洪水、乾旱、暴風、火災。
00:26
When I leave this stage today, I don't want you to have hope.
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今天在我離開這個講台時, 我不要你們只是懷抱著希望。
00:32
I want you to have certainty, real certainty
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我要你們確信、
無庸置疑地確信我們能在 這個問題上有所進展,
00:36
that we can make a dent in this problem and live to see it.
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並在有生之年看到它。
00:42
I want to give you a vision of what that would look like.
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我想讓各位看這遠景的樣子。
00:46
This is the first time we've shared this publicly.
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這是我們頭一次公開分享這個遠景。
00:50
You're the first audience to hear it.
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你們是最早聽到的觀眾。
00:54
We are going to launch a rocket.
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我們將會發射一枚火箭。
00:57
And on that rocket will be a satellite.
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火箭上會載著衛星。
00:59
And that satellite will collect data about pollution
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衛星會針對讓地球暖化的污染源
01:02
that is warming the planet.
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來收集相關資料。
01:05
We will put that data in the hands of people
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我們會把資料交給
01:08
who can make simple fixes
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能夠以簡易方式,
01:12
that will change the course of global warming in our lifetime.
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在我們的有生之年 改變全球暖化過程的人手上。
01:17
That's a lot to take in, maybe I should back up.
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這樣說好像太難以消化, 也許我該從頭說起。
01:21
First, let me introduce myself, I'm Fred,
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首先,讓我自我介紹, 我是佛列德,
01:23
I've been an environmentalist since I was a kid,
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我從小就是個環保主義者了。
01:26
when I watched the fish and the frogs in my neighborhood pond
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當我看到住家附近 池塘裡的魚兒和青蛙,
01:29
die from a chemical spill.
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因為化學物質的排放而致死。
01:32
That bothered me.
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我感到很煩憂。
01:34
Later, a professor inspired me to think about environmentalism differently.
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後來,有位教授給了我靈感,
讓我用不同方式來思考環保主義。
01:41
How the best solutions come from
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最好的解決方案應該來自於
01:44
answering people's aspirations for prosperity,
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回應大家對於繁榮的嚮往,
01:47
things like being safe and healthy and thriving in this world.
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像是能安全、健康及生氣盎然地 生活在這世上。
01:54
So I joined the Environmental Defense Fund to build those kind of solutions.
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於是我加入了環境防衛基金 來打造解決方案。
01:59
And I've worked my whole career for a moment like this --
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我畢生職涯的努力, 就是為了成就這樣的時刻——
02:03
the moment, when we can stop fighting headwinds
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我們可以停止對抗逆風,
02:07
and start to have the wind at our backs.
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開始乘風而行、讓問題迎刃而解。
02:10
Because of the power of information,
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因為資訊的力量,
02:13
information from technology
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來自科技的資訊
02:15
that is coming down in price and going up in precision.
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在價格上是遞減的, 但精準度上卻是遞升的。
02:21
You see, there's something about climate change that we didn't grasp
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關於氣候變遷,有些東西 是我們在十年前還不理解的。
02:24
just a decade ago.
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02:26
The world was so focused on carbon dioxide
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世人太聚焦在二氧化碳上,
02:30
that we overlooked another important gas.
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卻忽略了另一種重要的氣體。
02:34
We didn't appreciate methane.
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我們沒重視甲烷的影響。
02:37
Methane pollution causes one quarter of the global warming
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我們目前所經歷的全球暖化,
有 1/4 是甲烷污染所造成的。
02:40
that we're experiencing right now.
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02:43
Pound for pound, its immediate impact is far greater than carbon dioxide.
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等重的甲烷所造成的 立即性影響遠高於二氧化碳。
02:49
Eighty four times greater over a 20-year period.
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以 20 年期間來算, 會比二氧化碳高 84 倍。
02:56
One of the largest sources of methane pollution
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甲烷污染最大的來源之一
02:58
is the oil and gas industry.
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就是石油天然氣產業。
03:01
But that's not obvious, because methane is invisible.
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但那並不明顯, 因為甲烷是看不見的。
03:05
Let's take a look at this natural gas storage facility
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咱們來看看這個天然氣儲存設施,
03:08
outside of Los Angeles.
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它位在洛杉磯外圍。
03:10
Can you see the methane?
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你們能看見甲烷嗎?
03:14
Neither can I.
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我也看不見。
03:15
How about now?
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現在呢?
03:17
We shot this using an infrared camera, at the same spot,
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這是我們在同一個地點 用紅外線攝影機拍的,
03:21
exposing one of the worst methane leaks in the history of the United States.
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這是美國史上最嚴重的 甲烷外洩事件之一。
03:26
That's a very different picture.
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這是個非常不同的畫面。
03:29
It turns out that natural gas is displacing our dependence on coal,
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結果是天然氣取代了 我們對於煤的依賴,
03:33
which emits far more carbon dioxide.
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因為煤會釋放出更多的二氧化碳。
03:37
But natural gas is mostly methane.
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但天然氣大部分都是甲烷。
03:40
So, as it's produced and processed
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所以,當它在製造、加工處理
03:42
and transported to homes and businesses across America,
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並運送到全美各地的家庭和企業時,
03:47
it escapes from wells and pipes and other equipment.
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它會從井、管線和其他設備中外洩。
03:53
It gets up into the sky and contributes
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外洩後擴散在大氣中,
03:56
to the disasters that we're now experiencing.
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導致我們現在面臨的災難。
04:00
That does not have to happen.
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那是可以避免的。
04:03
But nobody had paid much attention to it
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但過去都沒有人把注意力放在這裡,
04:05
until we launched a nationwide study to understand the problem.
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直到我們進行了一項全國性的研究 來了解這個問題。
04:10
We used drones, planes, helicopters, even Google Street View cars.
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我們用無人機、飛機、直升機,
甚至 Google 街景車。
04:16
It turns out there's far more of this methane pollution
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結果發現,甲烷污染的情況遠比
04:19
than what the government is reporting.
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政府所公佈的數據更為廣泛嚴重。
04:22
It also turns out that when we find where the gas is being vented and leaked,
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結果還發現,
那些氣體排放或外洩的地方
04:29
most of those sources can be fixed easily and inexpensively,
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大部分的源頭都是可以 簡單修復且花費不高,
04:33
saving the gas that would have otherwise been wasted.
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且可避免無謂的氣體浪費。
04:38
And finally, we learn that when you put information like that into people's hands,
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最後,我們發現當你把 這樣的資訊交到大家手中時,
04:43
they act.
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大家會採取行動。
04:45
Leading companies replaced valves and tightened loose-fitting pipes.
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龍頭大公司會更換新閥, 鎖緊鬆脫的管線。
04:50
Colorado became the first state in the nation to limit methane pollution;
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科羅拉多成為全國第一個 限制甲烷污染的州;
04:54
California followed suit, and the public joined in.
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加州也跟進,大眾開始參與。
04:59
Tweets started flying -- #cutmethane.
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推特推文滿天飛——#削減甲烷。
05:04
And everybody's paying more attention now.
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現在大家都更注重這個議題了。
05:09
We're doing this because we can't wait for Washington, especially not now.
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我們會這麼做,
是因為我們等不及華盛頓的回應了, 特別是現在。
05:16
In fact, we have to take what we've done so far
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事實上,我們得把目前 已運用到的科技範疇
05:22
and go higher, to the sky.
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往上擴展到太空中。
05:25
The United Stated represents about 10 percent of this pollution.
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這種污染有 10% 是美國造成的。
05:30
To find the rest, we have to go global.
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我們還得到全球去找剩餘的污然源。
05:33
Remember that rocket I mentioned?
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記得我剛提到的火箭嗎?
05:35
It will launch a compact satellite, called MethaneSAT,
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它會發射一顆精巧的衛星, 叫做「甲烷衛星」,
05:39
to do what no one has been able to do until now:
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去處理之前無人能做到的事:
05:43
measure methane pollution from oil and gas facilities worldwide,
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測量全球石油天然氣設施的甲烷污染,
05:48
with exacting precision.
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且是高精密度的量測。
05:50
Its data stream will allow us to map that pollution,
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有了衛星的資料流,我們就可以 把污染狀況繪製在地圖上,
05:54
so that everyone can see it.
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讓大家都能看見。
05:56
Then it's all about turning data into action,
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接著就要把資料轉換成行動了,
05:59
just as we did in the United States.
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就如同我們在美國所做的一樣。
06:01
We've seen that when we present companies with data,
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我們已經知道當我們 把資料提供給公司時,
06:06
many of them will cut the pollution.
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許多公司會去減少那些污染源。
06:10
Citizens will be empowered to take action;
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公民將能據以採取行動;
06:13
governments will tighten the regulations.
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政府會制定更嚴格的法規。
06:17
And because all of our data will be free and public,
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因為我們所有的資料 都是免費、公開的,
06:21
there will be transparency --
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具透明度——
06:22
we'll all be able to see how much progress is being made and where.
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大家都能看到進度與進程之所在。
06:27
Which brings me to our goal:
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這就要談到我們的目標了:
06:29
to cut this methane pollution by 45 percent by 2025.
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到 2025 年要減少 45% 的甲烷污染。
06:35
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:42
That will have the same near-term impact
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這效果等同於短期內
06:46
as shutting down 1,300 coal-fired power plants.
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關閉 1,300 座燃煤發電廠。
06:51
That's one third of all the coal-fired power plants in the world.
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也就是全世界 1/3 的 燃煤發電廠。
06:55
Nothing else can have this sort of near-term impact at such a low cost.
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沒有其他方法能在短期內, 以這麼低的成本達到這種效果。
07:02
The fact that a single satellite
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單一顆衛星就能減緩全球暖化,
07:04
can help us put the brakes on global warming is truly remarkable.
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是很了不起的事。
07:10
This is our chance to create change in our lifetimes,
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這是此生我們能做出改變的機會,
07:14
and we can do it now.
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我們現在就能做到。
07:17
Thanks to the generous giving of the Audacious Project,
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感謝「大無畏計畫」的大方協助,
07:20
we are on a path toward liftoff.
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我們已朝發射的目標邁進。
07:23
But my time is running short, and I promised you a vision
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但我的時間所剩無幾,而且 我剛剛曾允諾要給各位一個遠景,
07:27
of what a critical piece of the solution would look like.
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看看解決方案的關鍵部分 會是什麼樣子。
07:32
Can you see it?
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各位能看到嗎?
07:35
Can you see how this satellite leverages
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各位能看到這顆衛星
07:37
the best of science and data and technology?
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如何把科學、資料和技術 發揮到極致嗎?
07:42
Can you see we're entering a whole new era of innovation
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你們能看到我們正邁入一個
以超速在進展的創新紀元嗎?
07:45
that is supercharging progress?
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07:47
Can you see that it's in our hands?
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你們能看到這一切都在掌控之中嗎?
07:51
We've set an aggressive goal of three years till liftoff,
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我們定下要在三年後 發射火箭的雄心壯志,
07:55
and when that satellite is ready, we'll have a launch party.
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當那顆衛星一切就緒之後, 我們將會啟動發射派對。
08:00
A literal launch party.
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名副其實的發射派對。
08:03
So imagine a blue-sky day, crowds of people,
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想像在一個萬里晴空的日子, 擁擠的人潮、
08:08
television cameras,
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電視台攝影機,
08:10
kids staring up toward the sky
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孩子們抬頭盯著天空
08:12
at a thing that will change their future.
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看著這個將會改變 他們未來的東西。
08:16
What an amazing day that will be.
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那會是非常棒的一天。
08:18
What a big opportunity we have.
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那會是我們的大好機會。
08:21
I can't wait.
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我等不及了。
08:23
Thank you.
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謝謝各位。
08:24
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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