David Logan: Tribal leadership

翻译人员: Alex Liu 校对人员: Chunlei Chang

What we're really here to talk about is the "how."

我们在此真正讨论的是怎么做

Okay, so how exactly do we create this

好的，那么我们究竟是怎么创造这

world-shattering, if you will, innovation?

世界震惊的创新，如果你愿意

Now, I want to tell you a quick story.

现在，我想跟大家分享一个小故事

We'll go back a little more than a year.

让我们把时间倒回一年多以前

In fact, the date -- I'm curious to know

事实上，关于那个日子，我很好奇地想知道

if any of you know what happened on this momentous date?

你们当中是否有人知道在哪个重大的日子发生了什么

It was February 3rd, 2008.

那是2008年2月3号

Anyone remember what happened,

有人知道那天发生了什么，

February 3rd, 2008?

2008年2月3号

Super Bowl. I heard it over here. It was the date of the Super Bowl.

超级碗。我从那听见了。那正是超级碗的日子

And the reason that this date was so momentous

正是这个原因这个日子才如此重大

is that what my colleagues, John King

我的同事，约翰.金

and Halee Fischer-Wright, and I noticed

和 海利，华特和我注意到

as we began to debrief various Super Bowl parties,

当我们开始调查一些超级碗团体时

is that it seemed to us

我们发现似乎

that across the United States,

贯穿全美

if you will, tribal councils had convened.

如果你愿意，部落委员会已经召集了

And they had discussed things of great national importance.

并且他们讨论了一些有国家重要性的事

Like, "Do we like the Budweiser commercial?"

比如，我们喜欢百威的广告吗

and, "Do we like the nachos?" and, "Who is going to win?"

我们喜欢墨西哥玉米片吗以及哪一方会赢

But they also talked about which candidate they were going to support.

但是他们也讨论他们将会支持哪一个候选人

And if you go back in time to February 3rd,

如果把时间倒回2月3号

it looked like Hilary Clinton was going to get the Democratic nomination.

当时希拉里看似将要得到民主党的提名

And there were even some polls that were saying she was going to go all the way.

甚至一些民调表示她将会一路走下去

But when we talked to people,

但是当我们与民众交谈时

it appeared that a funnel effect had happened

我们发现貌似一个漏斗效应已经发生

in these tribes all across the United States.

在这些遍布在美国大地上的部落之中

Now what is a tribe? A tribe is a group of

那么部落是什么呢？ 部落是一个小组

about 20 -- so kind of more than a team --

包括20人，看上去更像一个团队

20 to about 150 people.

20到大约150人

And it's within these tribes that all of our work gets done.

我们的研究成果正是基于这些部落

But not just work. It's within these tribes

不仅仅是研究工作。由于这些部落

that societies get built,

社会得以建立

that important things happen.

重要的事情得以发生

And so as we surveyed the, if you will, representatives

所以如果你愿意，当我们调查一些代表

from various tribal councils that met,

他们来自各种部落委员会，他们相见

also known as Super Bowl parties,

他们也知道超级碗团体

we sent the following email off to 40 newspaper editors the following day.

第二天我们发送了如下的电子邮件给40位报纸编辑

February 4th, we posted it on our website. This was before Super Tuesday.

2月4号，我们将结果发布在我们的网站上，这一切都早于超级星期二

We said, "The tribes that we're in

我们说：我们所在的部落表明

are saying it's going to be Obama."

胜出者将会是奥巴马

Now, the reason we knew that

我们知道这个结果的原因是

was because we spent the previous 10 years

我们花费了过去的十年

studying tribes, studying these naturally occurring groups.

研究部落，研究自然地形成的团体

All of you are members of tribes.

你们所有人都是部落的一员

In walking around at the break,

当你在休息散步时

many of you had met members of your tribe. And you were talking to them.

你们中的许多人会遇见你们部落的成员，然后你们相互交谈

And many of you were doing what great, if you will, tribal leaders do,

并且，如果你们愿意，你们当中许多人做着一些伟大的部落领导者所作的事

which is to find someone

那就是找到

who is a member of a tribe,

你部落的一个人

and to find someone else who is another member of a different tribe,

然后找到一个属于另一个的部落的人

and make introductions.

最后相互介绍他们

That is in fact what great tribal leaders do.

事实上这就是伟大的部落领导人所做的

So here is the bottom line.

这就是一条底限

If you focus in on a group like this --

如果你关注一个像这样的部落

this happens to be a USC game --

它刚好是终极格斗冠军赛

and you zoom in with one of those super satellite cameras

你拉近那些超级人造卫星照相机的镜头

and do magnification factors so you could see individual people,

放大图像直到你可以看到单一的个人

you would in fact see not a single crowd,

事实上你看到的将不再是一个单一的群组

just like there is not a single crowd here,

就像这儿也没有一个单一群组一样

but you would see these tribes that are then coming together.

但你会看到这些部落正逐步聚合

And from a distance it appears that it's a single group.

所以从一定距离看来它就像一个单一的团体

And so people form tribes.

人们所以形成部落

They always have. They always will.

他们总是这么做，他们总是愿意做

Just as fish swim and birds fly,

好比鱼儿水中游，鸟儿天上飞

people form tribes. It's just what we do.

人类组成部落。天性使然

But here's the rub.

但是这其中也有摩擦

Not all tribes are the same,

并不是所有的部落都是一模一样的

and what makes the difference is the culture.

文化让部落产生不同

Now here is the net out of this.

这就是从中产生的网络

You're all a member of tribes.

你们都是部落中的一员

If you can find a way to take the tribes that you're in

如果你可以找到一途径带领你所在部落

and nudge them forward,

并推动他们向前

along these tribal stages

沿着部落的那些发展阶段

to what we call Stage Five, which is the top of the mountain.

直到我们所谓的顶峰——阶段五

But we're going to start with what we call Stage One.

但是我们必须从我们称之阶段一的地方开始

Now, this is the lowest of the stages.

这是最底层的阶段

You don't want this. Okay?

你们不想要这个。对吧？

This is a bit of a difficult image to put up on the screen.

把这张图放上屏幕可能有点困难

But it's one that I think we need to learn from.

但是我认为我们应该从中有所学习

Stage One produces people

阶段一产生

who do horrible things.

做出可怕事情的人

This is the kid who shot up Virginia Tech.

这是制造弗吉尼亚校园枪击案的那个孩子

Stage One is a group where people

阶段一是一些人

systematically sever relationships from functional tribes,

他们系统地从功能性的部落切断联系

and then pool together

然后汇集到一起

with people who think like they do.

和那些认同他们所作所为的人一起

Stage One is literally the culture of gangs

阶段一仅仅是字面意义上的一群人

and it is the culture of prisons.

并且还是犯罪的温床

Now, again, we don't often deal with Stage One.

重申一遍，我们并不常常同阶段一打交道

And I want to make the point

但我同时需要指出的是

that as members of society, we need to.

作为社会的成员，我们有这个必要

It's not enough to simply write people off.

简简单单地将他们忽略是远远不够的

But let's move on to Stage Two.

现在让我们转移到阶段二

Now, Stage One, you'll notice, says, in effect, "Life Sucks."

实际上你会注意到阶段一代表生活糟透了

So, this other book that Steve mentioned,

这是史蒂夫提到的另一本书

that just came out, called "The Three Laws of Performance,"

这本书刚刚出版，书名是《执行的三条定律》

my colleague, Steve Zaffron and I,

我的同事，史蒂夫和我

argue that as people see the world, so they behave.

探讨认为人们怎么看待世界，他们就怎么做

Well, if people see the world in such a way that life sucks,

如果人们以生活糟透了的方式来看待世界的话

then their behavior will follow automatically from that.

然后他们的行为就会自动地遵循这个

It will be despairing hostility.

那将会是绝望中的反抗

They'll do whatever it takes to survive,

为了生存他们会做任何事

even if that means undermining other people.

哪怕这意味着要伤害其他人

Now, my birthday is coming up shortly,

我的生日快到了

and my driver's license expires.

并且我的驾照已经期满了

And the reason that that's relevant is that very soon

这一切相关的原因是很快

I will be walking into what we call

我将会步入一个我们称之为

a Stage Two tribe,

阶段二的部落

which looks like this.

它看起来像这样

(Laughter)

现场笑声

Now, am I saying that in every Department of Motor Vehicles

我有说过在每一个车辆管理局

across the land, you find a Stage Two culture?

在全国各地，你会发现一个阶段二的文化

No. But in the one near me,

不，（我没这么说），但是在我附近的那一个

where I have to go in just a few days,

最近几天我不得不去的那一个

what I will say when I'm standing in line is,

当我排队时我会说

"How can people be so dumb, and yet live?"

“怎么会有人这么笨，但还活得好好的呢？”

(Laughter)

（现场笑声）

Now, am I saying that there are dumb people working here?

我有说是一帮蠢人在这工作吗？

Actually, no, I'm not.

实际上，我没有

But I'm saying the culture makes people dumb.

但是，我要说是文化让人变笨了

So in a Stage Two culture --

所以在阶段二

and we find these in all sorts of different places --

我们可以从所有不同的地方发现这一点

you find them, in fact, in the best organizations in the world.

实际，你可以从世界上最优秀的组织中发现这些

You find them in all places in society.

你可以从社会中的所有地方发现这些

I've come across them at the organizations

我已经在一些组织中遇到这种情况

that everybody raves about as being best in class.

在组织中，所有人都叫嚷着要成为最棒的

But here is the point. If you believe and you say

但问题是，如果你相信这一点并向

to people in your tribe, in effect,

你所在部落其他人说了，那事实上

"My life sucks.

我的生活糟透了

I mean, if I got to go to TEDx USC

我的意思是如果我去TED南加州大学演讲，

my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does."

我的生活不会变糟。但我没去，所以它变糟了。

If that's how you talked, imagine what kind of work would get done.

如果那是你说话的方式，想象一下，你能够做成什么？

What kind of innovation would get done?

什么样的革新可以完成？

The amount of world-changing behavior that would happen?

一些改变世界的行为可能发生吗？

In fact it would be basically nil.

实际上这个数字将会是零

Now when we go on to Stage Three: this is the one

那么，我们转移到阶段三，这个阶段

that hits closest to home for many of us.

与我们每个人的家庭联系最紧密

Because it is in Stage Three that many of us move.

因为在这个阶段，我们许多人前进

And we park. And we stay.

我们暂停，我们静止

Stage Three says, "I'm great. And you're not."

阶段三说：“我很伟大，但你没有”

(Laughter)

（现场笑声）

I'm great and you're not.

我很伟大，但你没有

Now imagine having a whole room of people

想象一下，一整个屋子的人

saying, in effect, "I'm great and you're not."

都在说，“我很伟大，但你没有”

Or, "I'm going to find some way to compete with you

或者“我将找到一些与你竞争的方法

and come out on top as a result of that."

并且得到最好的结果”

A whole group of people communicating that way, talking that way.

一整个团体的人都这样交流，这样谈话

I know this sounds like a joke. Three doctors walk into a bar.

我知道听起来想一个笑话。三个医生进了一家酒吧

But, in this case, three doctors walk into an elevator.

但是，在这个例子中，三个医生进了一个电梯

I happened to be in the elevator collecting data for this book.

我刚好在那个电梯里，为本书收集数据

And one doctor said to the others, "Did you see my article

一个医生说道：“你们看到了我的论文

in the New England Journal of Medicine?"

发表在了新英格兰医学期刊上了”

And the other said, "No. That's great. Congratulations!"

其他人说：“不。那很棒。恭喜你”

The next one got kind of a wry smile on his face and said,

下一个人面带扭曲的微笑说道，

"Well while you were, you know, doing your research," --

“你知道的，当你做你的研究时

notice the condescending tone --

注意那种居高临下的语气

"While you were off doing your research, I was off doing more surgeries

当你做研究时，我做了更多的手术

than anyone else in the department of surgery at this institution."

比其他任何在这个部门的人还要多

And the third one got the same wry smile and said,

第三个人面带同样扭曲的微笑说道

"Well, while you were off doing your research,

当你做你的研究时

and you were off doing your monkey meatball surgery,

而你做你的猴子肉丸手术时

that eventually we'll train monkeys to do,

最终我们将训练猴子做那个手术

or cells or robots, or maybe not even need to do it at all,

或者是细胞，或者是机器人，或者其他可能的需要

I was off running the future of the residency program,

我一直在运作居民项目的未来

which is really the future of medicine."

那才真正是医学的未来

And they all kind of laughed and they patted him on the back.

另外两个人略带笑意并轻拍了他的后背

And the elevator door opened, and they all walked out.

然后电梯门开了，他们都走了出去

That is a meeting of a Stage Three tribe.

这就是一个阶段三下的会谈

Now, we find these in places

我们发现这些

where really smart, successful people show up.

会在一些真正聪明和成功的人中发生

Like, oh, I don't know, TEDx USC.

比如，我不是很明确，TED南加州大学演讲

(Laughter)

（现场笑声）

Here is the greatest challenge we face in innovation.

这里我们将遇到革新中的最大的挑战

It is moving from Stage Three

这就是从阶段三

to Stage Four.

过渡到阶段四

Let's take a look at a quick video snippet.

让我们来看一小段视频

This is from a company called Zappos, located outside Las Vegas.

这是一家叫Zappos，坐落在拉斯维加斯城外的公司

And my question on the other side is just going to be,

我的问题将会是

"What do you think they value?"

“你认为他们珍惜的价值是什么”

It was not Christmas time. There was a Christmas tree.

这不是在圣诞期间，那有一棵圣诞树

This is their lobby.

这是他们的工作间

Employees volunteer time in the advice booth.

雇员志愿在他们的工作台上花费时间

Notice it looks like something out of a Peanuts cartoon.

注意，这像是从花生卡通中出来的某物

Okay, we're going through the hallway here at Zappos.

好的，现在我们将穿过Zappos的门厅

This is a call center. Notice how it's decorated.

这是一个呼叫中心，注意一下它是怎么装修的

Notice people are applauding for us.

看，人们在向我们鼓掌

They don't know who we are and they don't care. And if they did

他们不知道我们是谁，他们也不在乎。如果他们是的话

they probably wouldn't applaud.

他们很可能就不鼓掌了

But you'll notice the level of excitement.

但是你将注意到兴奋的程度

Notice, again, how they decorate their office.

再看一次，他们怎么装修他们的办公室的

Now, what's important to people at Zappos,

那么，对Zappos的员工来说什么是重要的

these may not be the things that are important to you.

那也许并不是对你来说很重要的事

But they value things like fun. And they value creativity.

他们珍重像乐趣之类的事。他们珍重创造力。

One of their stated values is, "Be a little bit weird."

他们宣告的一条价值观就是：变得一点点古怪。

And you'll notice they are a little bit weird.

你会发现他们确实有点古怪

So when individuals come together

所以当个体聚集

and find something that unites them

并且发现一些团结起他们的事

that's greater than their individual competence,

这比他们间的竞争更伟大

then something very important happens.

然后一些很重要的事发生了

The group gels. And it changes

这个团体凝聚成一体，而且它从

from a group of highly motivated

一个团体高动力

but fairly individually-centric people

但是平均个人自我为中心

into something larger,

变得更大

into a tribe that becomes aware of its own existence.

变成一个开始关注自我存在的部落

Stage Four tribes can do remarkable things.

阶段四的部落能过做出非凡的事情

But you'll notice we're not at the top of the mountain yet.

但你也注意到了我们还没有到达顶峰

There is, in fact, another stage.

事实上，那还有一个阶段

Now, some of you may not recognize the scene that's up here.

现在，你们当中一些人可能还没有认识到上面的那一阶段

And if you take a look at the headline of Stage Five, which is "Life is Great,"

如果你看一下阶段五的标题，生活很伟大

this may seem a little incongruous.

这看上去有一点不协调

This is a scene or snippet

这是一个场景或片断

from the Truth and Reconciliation process in South Africa

摘自于 在南非的真相与和解的进程

for which Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Prize.

因为这个德斯蒙德 图图获得了诺贝尔奖

Now think about that. South Africa,

现在想一想，在南非

terrible atrocities had happened in the society.

社会中，过去曾经发生过可怕的暴行

And people came together

人们走到一起

focused only on those two values: truth and reconciliation.

仅仅关注两条价值：真相与和解

There was no road map. No one had ever done

那里没有道路的地图。以前没有人曾经做过

anything like this before.

任何像这样的事

And in this atmosphere, where the only guidance

在这种氛围中，唯一的指导

was people's values and their noble cause,

就是人们的价值，他们的崇高事业

what this group accomplished was historic.

这个团体完成的是历史性的

And people, at the time, feared that South Africa

在那时，人们担心南非

would end up going the way that Rwanda has gone,

会在卢旺达曾经走过的那条路上走向灭亡

descending into one skirmish after another

不断分解的小冲突

in a civil war that seems to have no end.

在内战中似乎没有尽头

In fact, South Africa has not gone down that road.

事实上，南非并没有走这条道路

Largely because people like Desmond Tutu

很大程度上是由于像德斯蒙德 图图这样的人

set up a Stage Five process

建立起一个阶段五程序

to involve the thousands and perhaps millions

涉及到上千个也可能是上百万个

of tribes in the country, to bring everyone together.

这个国家中的部落，来让每个人到一起

So, people hear this and they conclude the following,

所以人们听到这些并且他们得到以下结论

as did we in doing the study.

就像我们在这个研究中所作的

Okay, got it. I don't want to talk Stage One.

好的，明白。我不想再谈阶段一

That's like, you know, "Life sucks." Who wants to talk that way?

那就像，生活糟透了。谁愿意那么说

I don't want to talk like they do

我和他们一样不愿谈

at the particular DMV that's close to where Dave lives.

特别是在机动车管理局，那里离戴夫住的地方很近

I really don't want to just say "I'm great,"

我确实不愿意仅仅就说我很伟大

because that kind of sounds narcissistic, and then I won't have any friends.

因为这听上去有点自恋，然后我将不会交到任何朋友

Saying, "We're great" -- that sounds pretty good.

说，我们很伟大，这听上去好多了

But I should really talk Stage Five, right? "Life is great."

但我将好好谈论阶段五，生活很伟大

Well, in fact, there are three somewhat counter-intuitive findings

事实上，这里有三条有悖直觉的发现

that come out of all this.

从所有这些研究结果中产生

The first one, if you look at the Declaration of Independence

第一条，如果你打开独立宣言

and actually read it,

并真正读一读

the phrase that sticks in many of our minds

在我们脑中不可磨灭的语句是

is things about inalienable rights.

关于不可剥夺的权利的一些事

I mean, that's Stage Five, right? Life is great,

我意思，那是阶段五，对吗？生活很伟大

oriented only by our values,

仅仅由我们的价值观引导

no other guidance.

而没有其他的导向

In fact, most of the document is written at Stage Two.

事实上，宣言大部分还停留在阶段二

"My life sucks because I live under a tyrant,

我的生活糟透了，因为我生活在专制之下

also known as King George.

也被称为国王乔治。

We're great! Who is not great? England!"

我们很伟大！谁又不伟大了？英格兰

Sorry. (Laughter)

对不起。（现场笑声）

Well, what about other great leaders? What about Gandhi?

那么，如果是其他伟大的领袖呢？甘地怎么样呢？

What about Martin Luther King?

马丁 路德 金 又怎么样呢？

I mean, surely these were just people who preached, "Life is great," right?

我意思是，显然他们都是宣扬生活很伟大的人，是吧？

Just one little bit of happiness and joy after another.

生命中总是充满了不断的幸福和快乐

In fact, Martin Luther King's most famous line was at Stage Three.

事实上，马丁 路德 金的大多数宣言是处在阶段三的

He didn't say "We have a dream." He said, "I have a dream."

他没有说，我们有一个梦想。他说，我有一个梦想

Why did he do that? Because most people

他为什么那么说？因为大多数人

are not at Stage Five.

并没有到达阶段五

Two percent are at Stage One.

2%的人处在阶段一

About 25 percent are at Stage Two,

大约25%的人在阶段二

saying, in effect, "My life sucks."

说着，“我的生活糟透了”

48 percent of working tribes say, these are employed tribes,

48%的工薪阶层，那些受雇的部落

say, "I'm great and you're not."

说道，“我很伟大，但你没有”

And we have to duke it out every day, so we resort to politics.

我们不得不每天，所以我们诉诸于政治

Only about 22 percent of tribes

只有22%的部落

are at Stage Four,

是处在阶段四

oriented by our values, saying "We're great.

在我们价值观的引导下，说,“我们很伟大

And our values are beginning to unite us."

我们的价值观开始将我们联合到一起

Only two percent, only two percent of tribes

仅仅只有2%，仅仅只有2%的部落

get to Stage Five.

到达了阶段五

And those are the ones that change the world.

那些才是改变世界的

So the first little finding from this

所以从中我们有一个小发现

is that leaders need to be able to talk all the levels

那就是领导者要能够与所有层次的人交流

so that you can touch every person in society.

那样他才可以解触到社会中的所有人

But you don't leave them where you found them. Okay?

但别离开他们所在的阶段，好吗？

Tribes can only hear one level above and below where they are.

部落仅仅可以听到与之相邻的上下两个阶段的

So we have to have the ability to talk

所以我们得拥有与所有层次交谈的能力

all the levels, to go to where they are.

有到达他们所在的能力

And then leaders nudge people

然后领导者推动部落中的

within their tribes to the next level.

人们到达下一个阶段

I'd like to show you some examples of this.

我将给你们展示几个例子

One of the people we interviewed was Frank Jordan,

弗兰克 乔丹是我们的一个访谈对象

former Mayor of San Francisco. Before that

他是旧金山前任市长，在此之前

he was Chief of Police in San Francisco.

他是旧金山警察局局长

And he grew up essentially in Stage One.

基本上，他在阶段一中长大

And you know what changed his life? It was walking into

你们认为是什么改变了他的生活？那是步入

one of these, a Boys and Girls Club.

一个男孩女孩俱乐部

Now here is what happened to this person

这就是发生在他身上的事

who eventually became Mayor of San Francisco.

最终让他成为了旧金山市长

He went from being alive and passionate

他从有活力有激情地活在

at Stage One -- remember, "Life sucks,

阶段一，记着，“生活糟透了

despairing hostility, I will do whatever it takes to survive" --

令人绝望的敌意，我将会为了生存做任何事”

to walking into a Boys and Girls Club,

发展到，进入一个男孩女孩俱乐部

folding his arms, sitting down in a chair,

坐在一张椅子上，袖手旁观

and saying, "Wow. My life really sucks.

说道，“哇哦，我的生活确实糟透了，

I don't know anybody.

我不认识任何人

I mean, if I was into boxing, like they were,

我意思是，如果我去拳击，像他们一样

then my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does.

我的生活就不会糟糕。但我没有，所以它很糟

So I'm going to sit here in my chair and not do anything."

所以我要坐在这并且什么也不做

In fact, that's progress.

事实上，这就是进步

We move people from Stage One to Stage Two

我们推动人们从阶段一进入阶段二

by getting them in a new tribe

就是将他们引入一个新的部落

and then, over time, getting them connected.

并在一段时间内保持联系

So, what about moving

那么，从阶段三到阶段四

from Stage Three to Stage Four?

又是怎么样呢？

I want to argue that we're doing that right here.

我想申明，这就是我们此刻在做的

TED represents a set of values,

TED代表了一系列的价值观

and as we unite around these values,

当我们聚集在这些价值下时

something really interesting begins to emerge.

一些真正有趣的事开始显现

If you want this experience to live on

如果你想拥有这样的经历，活着

as something historic,

能有某种历史意义

then at the reception tonight I'd like to encourage you to do something

所以在今晚的聚会，我要鼓励你们做一些事

beyond what people normally do

有悖人们通常所做的事

and call networking.

呼叫网络

Which is not just to meet new people

这不再仅是简单的见一些新的面孔

and extend your reach, extend your influence,

扩大你的交际圈和影响力

but instead, find someone you don't know,

取而代之的是发现一些你不认识的人

and find someone else you don't know,

再发现一些你不认识的人

and introduce them.

然后将他们相互引见

That's called a triadic relationship.

这就是所谓的三元关系

See, people who build world-changing tribes do that.

建立改变世界的部落的人做的就是这些

They extend the reach of their tribes

他们向外延伸他们的部落

by connecting them, not just to myself,

联系他们，而不仅是对我自己

so that my following is greater,

因此我的跟随者就更多

but I connect people who don't know each other

我将互不认识的人联系到

to something greater than themselves.

一些比他们自己更伟大的事上来

And ultimately that adds to their values.

并最终这些添加到他们的价值观中去了

But we're not done yet. Because then how do we go from Stage Four,

但我们还没有完成，因为我们该怎么从阶段四

which is great, to Stage Five?

到更伟大的阶段，阶段五呢？

The story that I like to end with is this. It comes out of

下面我将以一个故事结尾。它发生在

a place called the Gallup Organization.

一个叫盖洛普组织的中

You know they do polls, right?

你知道的，他们是做调查的，对吗？

So it's Stage Four. We're great. Who is not great?

它属于阶段四的。我们很伟大，谁不伟大呢？

Pretty much everybody else who does polls.

也有其他许多人在做调查

If Gallup releases a poll on the same day that NBC releases a poll,

如果盖洛普和NBC同一天发布了一个调查

people will pay attention to the Gallup poll. Okay, we understand that.

人们会关注盖洛普的调查。好的，我们都明白的

So, they were bored.

尽管他们厌烦了

They wanted to change the world. So here is the question someone asked.

他们想要改变世界。这是某个人剔除的问题

"How could we,

我们怎么能够

instead of just polling what Asia thinks

取代仅仅调查亚洲的想法

or what the United States thinks,

美国的想法

or who thinks what about Obama

人们对奥巴马和

versus McCain or something like that,

麦克 凯恩怎么看，或是类似的事

what does the entire world think?"

变成整个世界的看法

And they found a way to do the first-ever world poll.

他们发现一个途径去开展第一个全球调查

They had people involved who were Nobel laureates

他们的调查涉及，诺贝尔

in economics, who reported being bored.

经济学奖得主，对调查厌烦的普通人

And suddenly they pulled out sheets of paper

突然他们抽出一叠问卷

and were trying to figure out, "How do we survey the population

试图弄明白，“我们怎么调查

of Sub-Saharan Africa?

撒哈拉以南非洲的人口”

How do we survey populations that don't have access to technology,

我们怎么调查技术无法到达的人口

and speak languages we don't speak,

与我们说不通语言的人口

and we don't know anyone who speaks those languages. Because in order

并且我们不认识任何一个说这种语言的人。 但为了

to achieve on this great mission,

完成这个伟大的使命

we have to be able to do it.

我们必须能够掌握它

Incidentally, they did pull it off.

顺便说一句，他们没有半途而废。

And they released the first-ever world poll.

他们发起了第一个全球调查

So I'd like to leave you with these thoughts.

我很乐意给你们留下这些想法

First of all: we all form tribes, all of us.

第一，我们所有人组成部落，所有人

You're in tribes here. Hopefully you're extending the reach

在这里，你属于一个部落。希望你正在扩大你的所接触

of the tribes that you have.

已有的部落

But the question on the table is this:

问题是，

What kind of an impact are the tribes

你所在的部落在作出

that you are in making?

什么影响呢？

You're hearing one presentation after another,

你听到一个接一个的问题

often representing a group of people, a tribe,

通常代表着一群人，一个部落

about how they have changed the world.

关于他们怎么改变世界

If you do what we've talked about, you listen

如果你做我们刚才谈论的，你听取了

for how people actually communicate in the tribes that you're in.

人们怎么在你所在的部落中交流

And you don't leave them where they are. You nudge them forward.

你不脱离他们。你推动他们向前

You remember to talk all five culture stages.

你记得与所有五个文化阶段对话

Because we've got people in all five, around us.

因为我们的周围充斥着所有这五个阶段的人

And the question that I'd like to leave you with is this:

我将留给你们的问题是

Will your tribes change the world?

你的部落将会改变世界吗？

Thank you very much.

非常感谢

(Applause)

（现场掌声）