David Logan: Tribal leadership

247,613 views ・ 2009-10-06

TED


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譯者: Bentham Chang 審譯者: Zhu Jie
00:12
What we're really here to talk about is the "how."
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我們在此真正要談的是"如何."
00:15
Okay, so how exactly do we create this
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好的, 我們究竟如何創造出這
00:18
world-shattering, if you will, innovation?
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震憾世界的
00:21
Now, I want to tell you a quick story.
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創新呢? 我想先來說個小故事.
00:23
We'll go back a little more than a year.
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我們回到一年多以前.
00:25
In fact, the date -- I'm curious to know
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事實上 這日期 -- 我很好奇想知道
00:27
if any of you know what happened on this momentous date?
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你們有沒有人記得這個重大日期發生了什麼事?
00:30
It was February 3rd, 2008.
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這天是2月3號 2008年
00:33
Anyone remember what happened,
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有人記得發生了什麼事,
00:35
February 3rd, 2008?
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2月3號 2008那年?
00:38
Super Bowl. I heard it over here. It was the date of the Super Bowl.
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美國超級盃. 我有聽到. 對是超級盃的日子.
00:41
And the reason that this date was so momentous
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這個日子之所以重大
00:44
is that what my colleagues, John King
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是因為我的同事 約翰.金恩
00:46
and Halee Fischer-Wright, and I noticed
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海莉.費雪萊特 跟我注意到
00:49
as we began to debrief various Super Bowl parties,
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當我們開始問起幾個不同超級盃聚會的事,
00:52
is that it seemed to us
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好像是
00:54
that across the United States,
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橫跨整個美國,
00:56
if you will, tribal councils had convened.
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你想, 所有部落的首領都已經聚集.
00:59
And they had discussed things of great national importance.
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他們討論了舉國關注的事情.
01:03
Like, "Do we like the Budweiser commercial?"
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像是 "我們喜歡百威啤酒的廣告嗎?"
01:06
and, "Do we like the nachos?" and, "Who is going to win?"
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還有 "墨西哥玉米片好吃嗎?" 跟 "那隊會贏?"
01:09
But they also talked about which candidate they were going to support.
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他們還談到即將要支持那個總統人選.
01:13
And if you go back in time to February 3rd,
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如果你回到2月3號那個時間點,
01:16
it looked like Hilary Clinton was going to get the Democratic nomination.
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看起來好像希拉蕊將要得到民主黨的提名.
01:20
And there were even some polls that were saying she was going to go all the way.
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而且有些民調顯示她將會得到角逐的機會.
01:23
But when we talked to people,
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但是當我們跟人談到這事,
01:25
it appeared that a funnel effect had happened
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好像逆轉效應已經發生
01:27
in these tribes all across the United States.
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而且遍及到全美各地的所有部落.
01:30
Now what is a tribe? A tribe is a group of
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那什麼是部落呢? 部落是一群
01:32
about 20 -- so kind of more than a team --
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大約20人 -- 像是比團隊還大一點 --
01:35
20 to about 150 people.
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20 到 150 人不等.
01:38
And it's within these tribes that all of our work gets done.
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我們所有的工作都在這些部落裡面完成.
01:41
But not just work. It's within these tribes
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但不只是工作. 在這些部落裡面
01:43
that societies get built,
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社群得以創建,
01:45
that important things happen.
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重要的事情才能發生.
01:47
And so as we surveyed the, if you will, representatives
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當我們去調查, 這些代表
01:50
from various tribal councils that met,
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不同部落來參與聚會的人,
01:52
also known as Super Bowl parties,
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這些所謂的超級盃聚會,
01:54
we sent the following email off to 40 newspaper editors the following day.
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隔天我們送電子郵件出去給40位報紙的編輯.
01:57
February 4th, we posted it on our website. This was before Super Tuesday.
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二月4號, 我們公佈在網站上. 在超級星期二之前.
02:01
We said, "The tribes that we're in
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我們己經說, "我們所在的這些部落裡
02:03
are saying it's going to be Obama."
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正在傳說將會是歐巴馬."
02:05
Now, the reason we knew that
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我們之所以知道這個
02:07
was because we spent the previous 10 years
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是因為我們已經花了10年
02:10
studying tribes, studying these naturally occurring groups.
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研究部落, 研究這些自然發生的團體們.
02:14
All of you are members of tribes.
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你們現場所有人都是部落的成員.
02:16
In walking around at the break,
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中場休息時你們會到處走動
02:19
many of you had met members of your tribe. And you were talking to them.
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你們已經見過部落裡的其他成員. 你們會彼此交談.
02:22
And many of you were doing what great, if you will, tribal leaders do,
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你們做的事是優秀的部落領導者也會做的,
02:26
which is to find someone
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那就是找到某人
02:28
who is a member of a tribe,
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某個部落的成員,
02:30
and to find someone else who is another member of a different tribe,
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然後找到另一個不同部落的成員,
02:33
and make introductions.
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彼此做介紹.
02:35
That is in fact what great tribal leaders do.
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這就是一個優秀部落領導者會做的事.
02:38
So here is the bottom line.
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所以主要重點是.
02:40
If you focus in on a group like this --
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假如你把聚焦在像這樣的一個團體 --
02:43
this happens to be a USC game --
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這是一場終極格鬥錦標賽的場地 --
02:45
and you zoom in with one of those super satellite cameras
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你從超級的人造衛星攝影機上把鏡頭拉近,
02:48
and do magnification factors so you could see individual people,
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放大到你可以看到個人的影像,
02:52
you would in fact see not a single crowd,
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事實上你看不到個別的群眾,
02:54
just like there is not a single crowd here,
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就好像沒有個別群眾在這裡,
02:56
but you would see these tribes that are then coming together.
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你會看到部落聚集在一起.
02:59
And from a distance it appears that it's a single group.
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從遠處看起來會像是單一團體.
03:03
And so people form tribes.
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所以人們形成部落.
03:05
They always have. They always will.
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過去如此. 未來也將是如此.
03:08
Just as fish swim and birds fly,
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就像是魚會游泳, 鳥會飛翔,
03:10
people form tribes. It's just what we do.
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人形成部落. 這是我們習以為常的.
03:12
But here's the rub.
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不過這只是表層.
03:14
Not all tribes are the same,
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並不是所有部落都一樣.
03:16
and what makes the difference is the culture.
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其中的差異就在文化.
03:18
Now here is the net out of this.
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這就是根本的所在.
03:20
You're all a member of tribes.
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你們所有人都是部落的成員.
03:22
If you can find a way to take the tribes that you're in
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假使你可以找到一個辦法把你所在的部落
03:25
and nudge them forward,
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推動向前,
03:27
along these tribal stages
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通過這些部落階段
03:29
to what we call Stage Five, which is the top of the mountain.
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到我們稱為「階段五」就是山頂.
03:32
But we're going to start with what we call Stage One.
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但是我們先從「階段一」開始.
03:35
Now, this is the lowest of the stages.
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這是最底層的階段.
03:37
You don't want this. Okay?
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幫個忙, 你不會想要這個.
03:39
This is a bit of a difficult image to put up on the screen.
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這畫面要放出來有點困難.
03:42
But it's one that I think we need to learn from.
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但是我想我們需要從這裡學習.
03:44
Stage One produces people
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「階段一」製造出
03:46
who do horrible things.
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作可怕事情的人.
03:48
This is the kid who shot up Virginia Tech.
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這是在維吉尼亞理工持槍殺人的那小孩.
03:50
Stage One is a group where people
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「階段一」是一群人
03:52
systematically sever relationships from functional tribes,
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形成的部落只為滿足基本生存功能,
03:55
and then pool together
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而聚集在一起的人
03:57
with people who think like they do.
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都是跟他們有同樣想法的.
03:59
Stage One is literally the culture of gangs
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照字意說「階段一」就是幫派的文化
04:02
and it is the culture of prisons.
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是囚犯的文化.
04:04
Now, again, we don't often deal with Stage One.
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還好現在我們不會常遇到「階段一」.
04:06
And I want to make the point
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不過我要強調一個重點
04:08
that as members of society, we need to.
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身為社會群體的一員, 我們需要去.
04:10
It's not enough to simply write people off.
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不只是去消弭這些處於底層的人.
04:13
But let's move on to Stage Two.
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不過讓我們先來談「階段二」.
04:15
Now, Stage One, you'll notice, says, in effect, "Life Sucks."
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你會注意到「階段一」的人常說 "生活糟透了"
04:19
So, this other book that Steve mentioned,
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史提夫 提到的另一本書,
04:22
that just came out, called "The Three Laws of Performance,"
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才剛出版 叫 "績效三大定律"
04:24
my colleague, Steve Zaffron and I,
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我的同事 史提夫.塞隆 跟我,
04:27
argue that as people see the world, so they behave.
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思辯到: 人的行為取決於他怎麼看這世界.
04:31
Well, if people see the world in such a way that life sucks,
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如果有人看這個世界是爛透了的生活,
04:35
then their behavior will follow automatically from that.
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那他的行為就會自動的從那點出發.
04:38
It will be despairing hostility.
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那將會是絶望而忿恨的生活.
04:40
They'll do whatever it takes to survive,
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他們會為了生存什麼事都做得出來,
04:42
even if that means undermining other people.
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甚至不惜傷害別人.
04:45
Now, my birthday is coming up shortly,
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再過不久就是我的生日,
04:48
and my driver's license expires.
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那我的駕照也快到期了.
04:50
And the reason that that's relevant is that very soon
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這之所以有關連是因為很快的
04:52
I will be walking into what we call
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我就要走進到我們所謂的
04:54
a Stage Two tribe,
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「階段二」部落.
04:56
which looks like this.
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看起來像這個樣子.
04:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:59
Now, am I saying that in every Department of Motor Vehicles
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我現在指的是在各地的監理所
05:01
across the land, you find a Stage Two culture?
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你都可以找到「階段二」文化嗎?
05:04
No. But in the one near me,
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不是的. 只是這家離我比較近,
05:06
where I have to go in just a few days,
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再過幾天我就要去報到的,
05:08
what I will say when I'm standing in line is,
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在大排長龍等待的時候我想說,
05:10
"How can people be so dumb, and yet live?"
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"像這樣笨的人們怎麼有辦法還活著?"
05:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:16
Now, am I saying that there are dumb people working here?
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我是說在那裡工作的人是笨蛋嗎?
05:19
Actually, no, I'm not.
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實際上, 我不是那個意思.
05:21
But I'm saying the culture makes people dumb.
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我是指文化讓人變笨了.
05:25
So in a Stage Two culture --
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所以在「階段二」文化 --
05:27
and we find these in all sorts of different places --
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我們可以在很多不同的地方發現 --
05:29
you find them, in fact, in the best organizations in the world.
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你甚至會在全世界最好的組織裡也找到.
05:32
You find them in all places in society.
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在社會的群體裡到處都可以找到.
05:34
I've come across them at the organizations
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以往我遍尋這些為人們所津津樂道
05:37
that everybody raves about as being best in class.
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的這些最好的組織.
05:39
But here is the point. If you believe and you say
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但這有個重點. 假使你相信而且你跟
05:41
to people in your tribe, in effect,
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你部落裡的人說,
05:43
"My life sucks.
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"我的生活糟透了.
05:45
I mean, if I got to go to TEDx USC
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我是說我一定要去參加 TEDx USC
05:47
my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does."
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我的生活才不會太糟, 可是我沒去. 所以 XD"
05:49
If that's how you talked, imagine what kind of work would get done.
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如果那是你講話的方式, 可想你做事的結果如何.
05:53
What kind of innovation would get done?
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你能成就怎麼樣的創新呢?
05:55
The amount of world-changing behavior that would happen?
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多少改變世界的行為會發生呢?
05:58
In fact it would be basically nil.
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應該會是零分吧.
06:01
Now when we go on to Stage Three: this is the one
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讓我們進到「階段三」: 這個是
06:03
that hits closest to home for many of us.
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我們大多數人最接近的.
06:06
Because it is in Stage Three that many of us move.
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因為在「階段三」裡我們大多數人到達後.
06:09
And we park. And we stay.
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就停下來. 而且留住了.
06:11
Stage Three says, "I'm great. And you're not."
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「階段三」的口頭禪是 "我很優秀 你們不行."
06:16
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:17
I'm great and you're not.
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我很優秀 你們不行.
06:20
Now imagine having a whole room of people
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想像一下一整個房間的人
06:22
saying, in effect, "I'm great and you're not."
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一起說 "我很優秀 你們不行"
06:24
Or, "I'm going to find some way to compete with you
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或是 "我要想個辦法跟你競爭
06:27
and come out on top as a result of that."
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一定要分出高下才行."
06:29
A whole group of people communicating that way, talking that way.
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一整群的人用這種方式說話跟溝通.
06:33
I know this sounds like a joke. Three doctors walk into a bar.
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我知道這聽起來像個笑話. 三個醫生走進酒吧裡
06:36
But, in this case, three doctors walk into an elevator.
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不過這次三個醫生走進一部電梯裡.
06:38
I happened to be in the elevator collecting data for this book.
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我剛好在那部電梯裡蒐集這本書的資料.
06:41
And one doctor said to the others, "Did you see my article
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第一個醫生說, "你看過我那篇文章嗎?
06:43
in the New England Journal of Medicine?"
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登在新英格蘭醫學期刊上那篇?
06:45
And the other said, "No. That's great. Congratulations!"
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第二個醫生說 "沒看過, 不過那很棒, 恭喜!"
06:48
The next one got kind of a wry smile on his face and said,
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然後他臉上帶著詭異的笑容說,
06:51
"Well while you were, you know, doing your research," --
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"當你在做你的研究的時候,"
06:54
notice the condescending tone --
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注意到他不屑的聲調 --
06:56
"While you were off doing your research, I was off doing more surgeries
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"當你在做研究的時候, 我多做了手術
06:59
than anyone else in the department of surgery at this institution."
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數量超過我們部門其他所有的人."
07:02
And the third one got the same wry smile and said,
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然後第三個醫生也是皮笑肉不笑地說,
07:04
"Well, while you were off doing your research,
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"當你在做你的研究時,
07:07
and you were off doing your monkey meatball surgery,
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然後你在做你的猴子肉丸手術時,
07:09
that eventually we'll train monkeys to do,
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我們遲早會訓練猴子來做,
07:12
or cells or robots, or maybe not even need to do it at all,
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或手機或是機器人, 也許以後完全不用動手術,
07:15
I was off running the future of the residency program,
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我在執行未來的住宅計劃
07:17
which is really the future of medicine."
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那才是醫學的真正未來."
07:19
And they all kind of laughed and they patted him on the back.
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然後他們全笑著, 在他背後作出拜他的姿勢.
07:21
And the elevator door opened, and they all walked out.
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接著電梯門開了. 他們就鳥獸散了.
07:23
That is a meeting of a Stage Three tribe.
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這是「階段三」部落的會面方式.
07:25
Now, we find these in places
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這種對話到處都是
07:29
where really smart, successful people show up.
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參與其中的不乏聰明成功的人.
07:32
Like, oh, I don't know, TEDx USC.
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就像, 哦 我不曉得, TEDx USC.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:37
Here is the greatest challenge we face in innovation.
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在創新上我們面臨的最大挑戰是.
07:40
It is moving from Stage Three
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是從「階段三」進到
07:42
to Stage Four.
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「階段四」.
07:44
Let's take a look at a quick video snippet.
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讓我們來看一下這段影片.
07:47
This is from a company called Zappos, located outside Las Vegas.
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這是一家叫做 Zappos 的公司, 位於拉斯維加斯外.
07:50
And my question on the other side is just going to be,
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我想問的問題是,
07:53
"What do you think they value?"
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"你認為他們所看重的價值是什麼?"
07:55
It was not Christmas time. There was a Christmas tree.
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這不是聖誕節的時候. 但是這裡有顆聖誕樹.
07:59
This is their lobby.
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這是他們的大廰.
08:07
Employees volunteer time in the advice booth.
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員工們自願花時間在建言櫃台.
08:09
Notice it looks like something out of a Peanuts cartoon.
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注意到這個看起來像是從史努比卡通出來的東西.
08:12
Okay, we're going through the hallway here at Zappos.
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我們從 Zappos 的走廊穿過去.
08:15
This is a call center. Notice how it's decorated.
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這是客服電話中心. 注意一下這些裝飾.
08:17
Notice people are applauding for us.
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注意到這些人向我們拍手歡呼.
08:20
They don't know who we are and they don't care. And if they did
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他們不認識我們而且也不在意. 如果他們認識我們
08:22
they probably wouldn't applaud.
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那他們可能就不會拍手了.
08:26
But you'll notice the level of excitement.
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但是你注意到興奮的程度.
08:28
Notice, again, how they decorate their office.
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再注意一下他們是如何裝飾辦公室的.
08:30
Now, what's important to people at Zappos,
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對 Zappos 裡的人來說最重要的是,
08:32
these may not be the things that are important to you.
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這些可能對你來說不重要.
08:34
But they value things like fun. And they value creativity.
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但是他們對"好玩"這件事很看重. 還有創新力.
08:37
One of their stated values is, "Be a little bit weird."
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他們的信條裡有一條是 "有一點點的詭異."
08:40
And you'll notice they are a little bit weird.
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你注意到他們真是有點詭異.
08:44
So when individuals come together
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所以當幾個人聚在一起
08:46
and find something that unites them
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找到可以結合他們的一些東西
08:48
that's greater than their individual competence,
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這比他們個別的能力還棒,
08:51
then something very important happens.
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然後非常重要的事發生了.
08:53
The group gels. And it changes
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這團體粘住. 然後改變了
08:56
from a group of highly motivated
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從一個具有高度動機
08:58
but fairly individually-centric people
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但還是以個人為中心的團體,
09:01
into something larger,
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變成比較大的東西,
09:03
into a tribe that becomes aware of its own existence.
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變成一個能覺察自身存在的部落.
09:06
Stage Four tribes can do remarkable things.
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「階段四」的部落能做出驚人之舉.
09:09
But you'll notice we're not at the top of the mountain yet.
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你有注意到那還沒到達山頂呢.
09:12
There is, in fact, another stage.
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事實上, 有這另一個階段.
09:14
Now, some of you may not recognize the scene that's up here.
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你們可能認不出來這張相片的拍攝地點.
09:17
And if you take a look at the headline of Stage Five, which is "Life is Great,"
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請看一下投影片上「階段五」的標題, "生命很讚,"
09:21
this may seem a little incongruous.
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這也許看起來有點不協調.
09:23
This is a scene or snippet
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這個地方
09:25
from the Truth and Reconciliation process in South Africa
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在南非 「真相與和解處理中心」
09:28
for which Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Prize.
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是 圖圖大主教 贏得諾貝爾奬的地方.
09:31
Now think about that. South Africa,
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現在請各位想一下, 南非,
09:33
terrible atrocities had happened in the society.
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社會到處充斥著可怕的暴力.
09:36
And people came together
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可是人們卻聚在一起
09:38
focused only on those two values: truth and reconciliation.
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只專注在兩個價值上: 真相與和解.
09:42
There was no road map. No one had ever done
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沒有預定的計劃. 沒人之前曾經
09:44
anything like this before.
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做過類似的事.
09:46
And in this atmosphere, where the only guidance
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在這個氛圍中唯一的指導方針
09:49
was people's values and their noble cause,
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是人們的價值觀, 與他們的崇高情操,
09:52
what this group accomplished was historic.
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這個團體所完成的事是有歷史意義的.
09:55
And people, at the time, feared that South Africa
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在那個時候人們很害怕南非
09:58
would end up going the way that Rwanda has gone,
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會步入盧安達的後塵.
10:00
descending into one skirmish after another
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在一場場的戰事中沉淪下去
10:03
in a civil war that seems to have no end.
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這內戰看樣子沒有終點.
10:05
In fact, South Africa has not gone down that road.
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事實上南非到後來沒有走入絶路.
10:08
Largely because people like Desmond Tutu
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主要是因為像 圖圖大主教 這樣的人
10:11
set up a Stage Five process
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設定了「階段五」的程序
10:14
to involve the thousands and perhaps millions
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讓幾千人到後來可能有上百萬的人來
10:16
of tribes in the country, to bring everyone together.
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參與國家裡的部落, 把每個人聚集起來.
10:19
So, people hear this and they conclude the following,
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當人們聽到這個他們會做以下結論,
10:22
as did we in doing the study.
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就像我們所做的研究結果.
10:24
Okay, got it. I don't want to talk Stage One.
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好, 了解. 我不想談「階段一」.
10:27
That's like, you know, "Life sucks." Who wants to talk that way?
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就好像 "生命糟透了" 誰要這樣講話啊?
10:29
I don't want to talk like they do
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在我家附近的監理所
10:31
at the particular DMV that's close to where Dave lives.
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我也不要講起話來像他們一樣.
10:33
I really don't want to just say "I'm great,"
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我真的不想要直說 "我很優秀."
10:35
because that kind of sounds narcissistic, and then I won't have any friends.
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因為那聽起來有點自私. 而且我會沒有朋友.
10:38
Saying, "We're great" -- that sounds pretty good.
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說 "我們很優秀" 這聽起來就很棒.
10:40
But I should really talk Stage Five, right? "Life is great."
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但我們應該要再談「階段五」才對吧? "生命很讚."
10:44
Well, in fact, there are three somewhat counter-intuitive findings
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事實上, 從所有的研究顯示出
10:48
that come out of all this.
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有三個似非而是的發現.
10:50
The first one, if you look at the Declaration of Independence
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第一, 如果你看一下美國的獨立宣言,
10:52
and actually read it,
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而且實際去讀,
10:54
the phrase that sticks in many of our minds
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那些深植我們多數人腦海的句子
10:56
is things about inalienable rights.
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都是關於"不可剥奪人權"的事情.
10:59
I mean, that's Stage Five, right? Life is great,
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這不就是「階段五」了嗎? 生命很讚,
11:01
oriented only by our values,
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只源自於我們自身的價值,
11:03
no other guidance.
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不是從當權者.
11:05
In fact, most of the document is written at Stage Two.
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事實上, 這個文件大部份成稿於「階段二」.
11:08
"My life sucks because I live under a tyrant,
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"我的生活糟透了, 因為活於暴君統治下,
11:11
also known as King George.
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那時的喬治國王.
11:13
We're great! Who is not great? England!"
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我們很優秀! 誰不行? 英國!"
11:15
Sorry. (Laughter)
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對不起. (笑聲)
11:19
Well, what about other great leaders? What about Gandhi?
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那其他優秀的領導者呢? 像甘地
11:21
What about Martin Luther King?
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像 馬丁.路德.金恩
11:23
I mean, surely these were just people who preached, "Life is great," right?
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這些人都鼓吹 "生命很讚" 對吧?
11:25
Just one little bit of happiness and joy after another.
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其中只有差一點點的幸福與愉悅.
11:29
In fact, Martin Luther King's most famous line was at Stage Three.
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事實上, 馬丁.路德.金恩 的名句是在「階段三」.
11:33
He didn't say "We have a dream." He said, "I have a dream."
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他沒說 "我們有一個夢想" 而是 "我有一個夢想"
11:36
Why did he do that? Because most people
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他當時為何如此呢? 因為大部份的人
11:38
are not at Stage Five.
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並不在「階段五」.
11:40
Two percent are at Stage One.
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百分之2的人在「階段一」.
11:42
About 25 percent are at Stage Two,
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大約百分之25的人在「階段二」,
11:46
saying, in effect, "My life sucks."
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被 "我的生活糟透了" 所影響.
11:49
48 percent of working tribes say, these are employed tribes,
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百分之48的人是受雇者部落, 他們說
11:54
say, "I'm great and you're not."
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"我很優秀, 你們不行."
11:56
And we have to duke it out every day, so we resort to politics.
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然後我們每天都把事情搞得泛政治化了.
11:59
Only about 22 percent of tribes
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只有約百分之22的部落
12:01
are at Stage Four,
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是在「階段四」,
12:03
oriented by our values, saying "We're great.
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源於自身的價值而說 "我們都很讚.
12:05
And our values are beginning to unite us."
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而且我們的價值開始把我們團結起來."
12:07
Only two percent, only two percent of tribes
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只有兩個百分比的部落
12:10
get to Stage Five.
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能到達「階段五」.
12:12
And those are the ones that change the world.
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這些是能改變世界的人.
12:14
So the first little finding from this
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這個研究從這第一個小發現起頭
12:16
is that leaders need to be able to talk all the levels
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領導者必需要能跟各階段的人對話
12:19
so that you can touch every person in society.
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所以你才能觸動到社會裡的每個人.
12:22
But you don't leave them where you found them. Okay?
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但是你不能只讓他們留在原地就好.
12:25
Tribes can only hear one level above and below where they are.
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部落只能聽得進去他們上或下一層的話.
12:29
So we have to have the ability to talk
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所以我們要能跟
12:31
all the levels, to go to where they are.
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不同階段的人對話, 然後到他們的地方.
12:33
And then leaders nudge people
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領導者會推動人們
12:35
within their tribes to the next level.
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進到他們的下個階段.
12:37
I'd like to show you some examples of this.
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我要讓大家看一下一些例子.
12:39
One of the people we interviewed was Frank Jordan,
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法蘭克.喬登 是我們訪談的人之一
12:42
former Mayor of San Francisco. Before that
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他是前舊金山市市長. 在那之前
12:44
he was Chief of Police in San Francisco.
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他是舊金山警察局局長.
12:46
And he grew up essentially in Stage One.
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他小時候從「階段一」的環境長大.
12:49
And you know what changed his life? It was walking into
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你知道什麼改變了他的生命嗎? 有一天他走進了
12:51
one of these, a Boys and Girls Club.
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一個青少年活動中心.
12:53
Now here is what happened to this person
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讓我們看看什麼事發生在這個人身上
12:56
who eventually became Mayor of San Francisco.
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這個後來變成舊金山市長的小孩.
12:58
He went from being alive and passionate
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看他現在充滿活力與熱情
13:00
at Stage One -- remember, "Life sucks,
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在「階段一」記得嗎? "生命糟透了,
13:02
despairing hostility, I will do whatever it takes to survive" --
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絶望與忿恨, 無惡不做只求生存" --
13:06
to walking into a Boys and Girls Club,
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他走進青少年活動中心時,
13:08
folding his arms, sitting down in a chair,
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抱緊他的雙手, 坐在椅子上,
13:10
and saying, "Wow. My life really sucks.
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然後說 "哇, 我的生活真是糟透了!
13:12
I don't know anybody.
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我一個人都不認識
13:14
I mean, if I was into boxing, like they were,
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如果我像那裡的人一樣有學過拳擊的話,
13:16
then my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does.
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或許我的生活就不那麼糟了, 唉, 習慣就好.
13:18
So I'm going to sit here in my chair and not do anything."
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所以我還是在這裡坐著看看就好了."
13:20
In fact, that's progress.
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別小看這, 這就是進展!
13:22
We move people from Stage One to Stage Two
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我們把人從「階段一」移到「階段二」
13:25
by getting them in a new tribe
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只是引他們進到新的部落.
13:27
and then, over time, getting them connected.
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過一陣子再讓他們接上線.
13:30
So, what about moving
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那, 怎麼從
13:32
from Stage Three to Stage Four?
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「階段三」進到「階段四」呢?
13:34
I want to argue that we're doing that right here.
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其實我們現在在這裡正在做這件事.
13:37
TED represents a set of values,
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T-E-D 代表了一些價值的集合.
13:40
and as we unite around these values,
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而我們因為認同這些價值而結合,
13:43
something really interesting begins to emerge.
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然後一些真正有趣的事開始發展出來.
13:45
If you want this experience to live on
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如果你想要這樣深具歷史意義
13:48
as something historic,
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的經驗進入到你生命,
13:50
then at the reception tonight I'd like to encourage you to do something
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我鼓勵你今晚在接待處那裡做一些
13:53
beyond what people normally do
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超越常人的事,
13:55
and call networking.
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是所謂的網絡.
13:57
Which is not just to meet new people
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就是不只去認識新的人
13:59
and extend your reach, extend your influence,
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還要擴展你自己, 你的影響力.
14:02
but instead, find someone you don't know,
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不只是找一個你不認識的人,
14:04
and find someone else you don't know,
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你還要再找一個他也不認識的人,
14:06
and introduce them.
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然後彼此介紹.
14:08
That's called a triadic relationship.
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這就是所謂的三角架關係.
14:11
See, people who build world-changing tribes do that.
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了解了嗎? 建立能改變世界部落的人就是這麼做的.
14:15
They extend the reach of their tribes
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他們用連結不同部落的方式
14:18
by connecting them, not just to myself,
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讓部落擴展到不同領域, 而不是光靠我自己,
14:20
so that my following is greater,
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而我的追隨者比我更優秀.
14:22
but I connect people who don't know each other
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我把彼此不認識的人連接到
14:24
to something greater than themselves.
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比他們更棒的東西上.
14:26
And ultimately that adds to their values.
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而到極致他們把自身的價值加上去.
14:29
But we're not done yet. Because then how do we go from Stage Four,
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但我們還沒有完成, 因為從「階段四」己經很棒
14:33
which is great, to Stage Five?
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我們要想如何進到「階段五」吧?
14:36
The story that I like to end with is this. It comes out of
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我要用一個故事來做個結尾. 這故事是出自於
14:38
a place called the Gallup Organization.
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一個叫蓋洛普的地方.
14:40
You know they do polls, right?
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你們已經知道那是做民調的對吧?
14:42
So it's Stage Four. We're great. Who is not great?
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在「階段四」. 我們很優秀. 誰不優秀呢?
14:44
Pretty much everybody else who does polls.
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做民調公司到處都是.
14:47
If Gallup releases a poll on the same day that NBC releases a poll,
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如果蓋洛普跟美國國家廣播公司同一天公佈民調
14:50
people will pay attention to the Gallup poll. Okay, we understand that.
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人們會注意蓋洛普的民調. 這點我們了解.
14:53
So, they were bored.
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所以他們覺得無聊.
14:55
They wanted to change the world. So here is the question someone asked.
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他們想要改變世界. 所以某人問了個問題.
14:58
"How could we,
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"我們如何能
15:00
instead of just polling what Asia thinks
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不只做亞洲人想法的民調
15:02
or what the United States thinks,
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或是美國人想法的,
15:04
or who thinks what about Obama
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或是只是關心歐巴馬
15:06
versus McCain or something like that,
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對上麥凱恩, 或大概那類的事, [問],
15:08
what does the entire world think?"
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這整個世界的想法是什麼?"
15:12
And they found a way to do the first-ever world poll.
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他們找到一個辦法來做史無前例的世界民調.
15:16
They had people involved who were Nobel laureates
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這些參與的人有前諾貝爾
15:18
in economics, who reported being bored.
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經濟學奬得主, 有閒著無聊的人.
15:20
And suddenly they pulled out sheets of paper
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而且突然間他們抽出一些紙來
15:22
and were trying to figure out, "How do we survey the population
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開始試著解決, "我們如何能發問卷到
15:25
of Sub-Saharan Africa?
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住在非洲撒哈拉以南地方的人?"
15:27
How do we survey populations that don't have access to technology,
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我們如何取得那些無法接觸科技族群的意見?
15:30
and speak languages we don't speak,
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說我們不會的語言,
15:32
and we don't know anyone who speaks those languages. Because in order
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還有我們不知道誰會講這些語言. 但是
15:34
to achieve on this great mission,
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為了要完成這個偉大的任務,
15:37
we have to be able to do it.
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我們一定要能做到這些.
15:39
Incidentally, they did pull it off.
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結果, 他們克服萬難辦到了.
15:41
And they released the first-ever world poll.
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他們公佈了破天荒第一次世界民調.
15:44
So I'd like to leave you with these thoughts.
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我想把這些想法留給你們.
15:46
First of all: we all form tribes, all of us.
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首先: 我們所有人都會形成部落.
15:49
You're in tribes here. Hopefully you're extending the reach
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你們在這裡的這個部落. 希望你正在擴展
15:51
of the tribes that you have.
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你所在的所有部落.
15:53
But the question on the table is this:
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然而浮出台面上的問題是.
15:56
What kind of an impact are the tribes
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你跟你的部落正在產生
15:58
that you are in making?
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怎麼樣的衝擊?
16:00
You're hearing one presentation after another,
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你在這裡正在聽一個接著一個的簡報,
16:03
often representing a group of people, a tribe,
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通常簡報代表一群人, 一個部落,
16:05
about how they have changed the world.
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有關於他們如何地改變了這個世界.
16:08
If you do what we've talked about, you listen
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如果你做到他們所談到的, 你傾聽
16:10
for how people actually communicate in the tribes that you're in.
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在你部落裡的人實際溝通的方式.
16:13
And you don't leave them where they are. You nudge them forward.
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你不讓他們留在原地. 你推他們向前.
16:16
You remember to talk all five culture stages.
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你記得要談到五種文化階段.
16:19
Because we've got people in all five, around us.
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因為在我們周圍環繞著這五種人.
16:22
And the question that I'd like to leave you with is this:
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我留給各位的一個問題是:
16:25
Will your tribes change the world?
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你的部落將會改變世界嗎?
16:27
Thank you very much.
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謝謝各位
16:29
(Applause)
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(掌聲)

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