The nit-picking glory of The New Yorker's Comma Queen | Mary Norris

79,498 views ・ 2016-05-10

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翻译人员: YANG LEE 校对人员: Rebecca Li
00:13
I have spent the past 38 years trying to be invisible.
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在过去38年的时间里,我都试图做一个隐形人
00:19
I'm a copy editor.
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我是一名审稿员
00:21
I work at The New Yorker,
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我在纽约客工作(美国知名杂志)
00:23
and copyediting for The New Yorker is like playing shortstop
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为纽约客改稿子
就像是为职业棒球联盟打游击手一样
00:27
for a Major League Baseball team:
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00:29
every little movement gets picked over by the critics --
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每一个微小的动作,都会被批评家们挑出刺儿来
00:33
God forbid you should commit an error.
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上帝禁止你出任何差错
00:37
Just to clarify: copy editors don't choose what goes into the magazine.
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先澄清一点:审稿人并没有权利选择可以被发表的文章
00:41
We work at the level of the sentence,
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我们在句子层面工作
00:43
maybe the paragraph,
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也兼顾篇章
00:45
the words, the punctuation.
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我们看的是字词、标点
00:48
Our business is in the details.
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我们的工作主要集中于细节
00:50
We put the diaeresis, the double dot, over the "i" in "naïve."
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我们加入分音符,就是在 "naïve"中字母i上面的两个点
00:56
We impose house style.
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我们做独特的印刷风格
00:58
Every publication has a house style.
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每一份出版刊物都有自己的印刷风格
01:01
The New Yorker's is particularly distinctive.
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纽约客的风格更是别具一格
01:04
We sometimes get teased for our style.
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我们有时候会因为独特的风格而遭到嘲笑
01:07
Imagine -- we still spell "teen-ager" with a hyphen,
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设想一下,我们仍然在拼写“teen-ager”的时候加上连字符
01:11
as if that word had just been coined.
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就像这词才刚刚被造出来似的
01:14
But you see that hyphen in "teen-age"
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但是你一看到在“teen-age”里面的连字符
01:18
and that diaeresis over "coöperate,"
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和在“cöoperate”上面的分音符
01:21
and you know you're reading The New Yorker.
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你就知道你正在读的是纽约客了
01:23
Copyediting at The New Yorker is a mechanical process.
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在纽约客做编辑是一个机械的过程
01:27
There is a related role called query proofreading,
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有一个与此相关的环节叫做查询校对
01:30
or page-OK'ing.
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或者叫“让这一页OK”
01:32
Whereas copyediting is mechanical,
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与机械性的编辑工作形成对照的是
01:35
query proofreading is interpretive.
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查询校对起到解释说明的作用
01:38
We make suggestions to the author through the editor
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我们通过编者来对作者提出建议
01:42
to improve the emphasis of a sentence
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以便能够加强句子语气
01:44
or point out unintentional repetitions
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或者指出无意识的重复
01:47
and supply compelling alternatives.
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也会提出更有力的替代选项
01:52
Our purpose is to make the author look good.
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我们的目的是让作者看起来更完美
01:55
Note that we give our proofs not directly to the author,
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既然我们不是把校对意见直接告诉作者
01:58
but to the editor.
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而是告诉编辑
02:00
This often creates a good cop/bad cop dynamic
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这就会造成好人/坏人的动态转换
02:04
in which the copy editor -- I'll use that as an umbrella term --
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在这个过程中,审稿员-我来解释一下-
02:08
is invariably the bad cop.
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是永恒不变的坏人
02:12
If we do our job well, we're invisible,
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如果我们把工作做好了,我们就能继续隐形
02:14
but as soon as we make a mistake,
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可是一旦我们犯了错
02:16
we copy editors become glaringly visible.
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我们审稿员就会成为众矢之的
02:21
Here is the most recent mistake that was laid at my door.
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这是我最近犯的错误
02:25
[Last Tuesday, Sarah Palin, the pre-Trump embodiment
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【上周二,在共和党集会上
Sarah Palin在Trump之前已经成为no-nothingism无可知论的化身(应为“不可知论”)
02:29
of populist no-nothingism in the Republican Party,
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02:32
endorsed Trump.]
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支持Trump】
02:34
"Where were The New Yorker's fabled copy editors?" a reader wrote.
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有读者问,“纽约客传说中的审稿员都干嘛去了”
02:39
"Didn't the writer mean 'know-nothingism'?"
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“难道作者想说的不是know-knowingism(不可知论)吗?”
02:42
Ouch.
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哦==
02:44
There's no excuse for this mistake.
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犯这种错误是没有任何借口的
02:46
But I like it: "no-nothingism."
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但是我喜欢no-nothingism
02:49
It might be American vernacular for "nihilism."
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这有可能是美国版的“虚无主义”呀
02:53
(Laughter)
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(笑)
02:57
Here, another reader quotes a passage from the magazine:
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另一个读者引用杂志里的一段话
03:00
[Ruby was seventy-six, but she retained her authoritative bearing;
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【Ruby已经76岁了,但她仍然保持权威的姿态
03:04
only her unsteady gait belied her age.]
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只有她蹒跚的步态与她的年龄不相符】
03:08
He added:
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他说
03:09
"Surely, someone at The New Yorker knows the meaning of 'belied,'
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“当然了,纽约客里的人知道“belied(与...不相符)”的意思
03:13
and that it is the opposite of how it is used in this sentence.
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但在这个句子里却完全把这个单词用反了
03:16
Come on! Get it together."
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别闹了!认真点行么!”
03:18
Belie: to give a false impression.
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Belie的意思是,给别人以错误的印象
03:22
It should have been "betrayed."
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在这儿应该用“暴露”这个词更加合适
03:25
E.B. White once wrote of commas in The New Yorker:
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E.B. White有一次写到纽约客里的逗号,他说
03:28
"They fall with the precision of knives outlining a body."
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“他们像用刀去描绘人体轮廓一样,精准的分毫不差”
03:33
(Laughter)
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(笑)
03:34
And it's true -- we get a lot of complaints about commas.
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这是事实,我们收到了好多关于逗号的投诉
03:38
"Are there really two commas in 'Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard'?"
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“在'Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard'里 真的有两个逗号吗?”
03:42
There may not be on the sign, but yes, that is New Yorker style for "Jr."
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也许没有明确的说明, 但是没错,这就是纽约客写 "Jr."的风格
03:48
One wag wrote:
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有个爱开玩笑的人说
03:50
["Please, could you expel, or, at least, restrain,
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【“拜托,你们可不可以杜绝,或者,至少,限制,一下
03:53
the comma-maniac, on your editorial staff?"]
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在你们的编辑中间那一股逗号狂热症,的存在?”】
03:56
(Laughter)
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(笑)
03:58
Ah, well.
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恩,好吧
03:59
In this case, those commas are well-placed,
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在这句话里,别的逗号放的都合情合理
04:01
except that there should not be one
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只是有一点
04:03
between "maniac" and "on."
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在maniac和on之间,不应该有逗号出现
04:05
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:06
Also, if we must have commas around "at least,"
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同样,如果在“at least (至少)”这个短语周围需要逗号的话
04:10
we might change it up by using dashes around that phrase:
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我们通常会改用破折号
04:14
"... -- or, at least, restrain --"
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“...--或者,至少,限制--”
04:18
Perfect.
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完美
04:19
(Applause)
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(掌声)
04:21
Then there's this:
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还有这种:
04:22
"Love you, love your magazine,
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“爱你们,也爱你们的杂志,
04:24
but can you please stop writing massive numbers as text?"
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但是能不能不要在文章里写出巨额数字了?”
04:29
[two and a half million ...]
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【二百五十万...三百八十五万...】
04:30
No.
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不行
04:31
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:34
One last cri de coeur from a spelling stickler:
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最后的强烈抗议是针对拼写的细节
04:37
["Those long stringy things are vocal cords, not chords."]
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【“那些细长的像绳子一样的东西是声带(cord),不是和弦(chord)”】
04:42
The outraged reader added,
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愤怒的读者说
04:44
"I'm sure I'm not the first to write
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“我确信我肯定不是第一个
04:46
regarding this egregious proofreading error,
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来指出这些超乎寻常的审阅纰漏的人,
04:49
but I'm equally sure I won't be the last.
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但我可以肯定,我也不是最后一个,
04:52
Fie!"
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呸!”
04:53
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:55
I used to like getting mail.
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我是真喜欢收信呐!
04:59
There is a pact between writers and editors.
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在作者和编辑之间有一种契约
05:01
The editor never sells out the writer,
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编辑从来不会出卖作者
05:04
never goes public about bad jokes that had to be cut
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也不会把剪掉的不好玩的笑话
05:07
or stories that went on too long.
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和冗长的故事告诉别人
05:10
A great editor saves a writer from her excesses.
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伟大的编辑通过适当的删减 来拯救作者
05:15
Copy editors, too, have a code;
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审稿人也有我们的执业准则
05:17
we don't advertise our oversights.
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我们不会到处宣讲我们对文章的监管
05:20
I feel disloyal divulging them here,
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在这儿泄露这些秘密,我觉得自己不太忠诚
05:23
so let's have look at what we do right.
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所以来一起看看我们做的合适的事儿
05:27
Somehow, I've gotten a reputation for sternness.
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不知为啥,我这个人以严厉著名
05:31
But I work with writers who know how to have their way with me.
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但是跟我一起共事的作者都知道该怎么跟我相处
05:35
I've known Ian Frazier, or "Sandy," since the early 80s.
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我在八十年代初就认识了Ian Frazier,我也叫他"Sandy"
05:39
And he's one of my favorites,
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他是我最喜欢的作者之一
05:41
even though he sometimes writes a sentence
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尽管有时候他写出来的句子
05:44
that gives a copy editor pause.
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会让审稿员头疼
05:46
Here is one from a story about Staten Island
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这是风暴Sandy过后
05:49
after Hurricane Sandy:
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他写的关于斯塔恩岛的文字
05:52
[A dock that had been broken in the middle and lost its other half
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【一个从中间部分折断,塌了一半的码头
05:56
sloped down toward the water,
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朝水面倾斜
05:58
its support pipes and wires leaning forward
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支撑它的管道和线缆向前倾
06:02
like when you open a box of linguine and it slides out.]
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就像你打开一盒意大利扁面,而面条滑出来的样子】
06:06
(Laughter)
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(笑)
06:07
This would never have got past the grammarian in the days of yore.
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这要是放在从前,文法老师才不会允许这么写东西呢
06:12
But what could I do?
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但是我能做什么呢?
06:13
Technically, the "like" should be an "as,"
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事实上,“like(像)”这个单词应该被替换为 “as(当...时)”
06:16
but it sounds ridiculous,
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但是听上去很滑稽
06:17
as if the author were about to embark on an extended Homeric simile --
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就像作者即将登上荷马时期明喻的巨轮
06:22
"as when you open a box of linguine."
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“当你打开一盒意大利扁面”
06:25
(Laughter)
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(笑)
06:26
I decided that the hurricane conferred poetic justice on Sandy
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我决定让暴风授予Sandy以诗歌上的公正
06:31
and let the sentence stand.
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然后让句子保持原样
06:33
(Laughter)
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(笑)
06:34
Generally, if I think something is wrong,
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通常情况下,我如果觉得什么地方不太对
06:36
I query it three times.
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我都会看三遍
06:37
I told Sandy that not long ago in a moment of indiscretion and he said,
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不久之前有一次我跟Sandy聊到关于严谨的话题时 我把这事儿告诉了他
06:41
"Only three?"
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“只有三次?”
06:43
So, he has learned to hold out.
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所以,他学会了坚持
06:45
Recently, he wrote a story for "Talk of the Town,"
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最近,他给“城镇说”写了个故事
06:47
that's the section at the front of the magazine
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故事被放到杂志首页
06:49
with short pieces on subjects ranging from Ricky Jay's exhibit
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首页上还有其他主题
06:52
at the Metropolitan Museum
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从Ricky Jay在大都市博物馆的展品
06:54
to the introduction of doggie bags in France.
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到对于法国食品袋(用于顾客打包带走)的介绍
06:57
Sandy's story was about the return to the Bronx
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Sandy写的是关于最高法院法官Sonia Sotomayor
07:00
of Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor.
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回到布朗克斯的故事
07:02
There were three things in it that I had to challenge.
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在文章里有三个地方我觉得需要改进
07:05
First, a grammar query.
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第一个疑问是关于语法的
07:06
The justice was wearing black and Sandy wrote,
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法官穿了黑衣服,所以Sandy写到
07:09
[Her face and hands stood out like in an old, mostly dark painting.]
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【她的脸和手很突出,好像在古老的,全黑的画作里】
07:15
Now, unlike with the hurricane,
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不像是描述风暴时使用的“like”
07:17
with this "like," the author didn't have the excuse
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这一次,作者没什么理由
07:19
of describing hurricane damage.
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使用“like(好像)”这个词
07:21
"Like" in this sense is a preposition, and a preposition takes an object,
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“like”在这儿是个介词,介词后面得是一个物体
07:25
which is a noun.
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也就是个名词
07:26
This "like" had to be an "as."
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这里的“like”得换成“as”
07:29
"As in an old, mostly dark painting."
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“如同存在于古老的,黑色的画作之中”
07:32
Second, a spelling issue.
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第二个是拼写问题
07:34
The author was quoting someone who was assisting the justice:
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作者引用了某个助手的一句话
07:37
["It will be just a minute.
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【“马上就好,
07:39
We are getting the justice mic'ed,"]
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我们即将扩音(mic'ed)正义”】
07:43
Mic'ed?
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Mic‘ed?
07:44
The music industry spells it "mic"
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音乐人把话筒(microphone)拼写成“mic”
07:47
because that's how it's spelled on the equipment.
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因为在设备上印的就是“mic”三个字母
07:49
I'd never seen it used as a verb with this spelling,
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但是我从来没见过这个单词被用作动词
07:51
and I was distraught to think that "mic'ed"
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一想到"mic'ed"要出现在我审阅过的杂志里
07:54
would get into the magazine on my watch.
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我真的会抓狂
07:56
(Laughter)
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(笑)
07:57
New Yorker style for "microphone" in its abbreviated form is "mike."
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纽约客把“microphone”简写成“mike”
08:02
Finally, there was a sticky grammar and usage issue
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最后,还有一个很麻烦的语法和使用问题
08:05
in which the pronoun has to have the same grammatical number
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代词跟先行词要在语法数量上
08:08
as its antecedent.
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保持一致
08:11
[everyone in the vicinity held their breath]
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【每一个在附近的人,都屏住了他们的呼吸】
08:15
"Their" is plural and "everyone," its antecedent, is singular.
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“他们的”是复数形式,而作为先行词的“每个人”是单数
08:19
You would never say, "Everyone were there."
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你永远不会说 “每个人一起在”
08:22
Everyone was there. Everyone is here.
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每个人曾经在,每个人现在在
08:26
But people say things like, "Everyone held their breath" all the time.
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但是人们总在说“每个人屏住他们的呼吸”
08:30
To give it legitimacy,
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为了让这些句子看起来更合理
08:31
copy editors call it "the singular 'their,'"
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审稿员给它们取了个名字,叫做“单数的他们”
08:34
as if calling it singular makes it no longer plural.
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就好像把它叫做单数,这个词就不再是复数了一样
08:37
(Laughter)
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(笑)
08:39
It is my job when I see it in print to do my best to eliminate it.
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我的工作就是当我看到这种句子被印出来的时候 尽可能的去消除它们
08:45
I couldn't make it, "Everyone held her breath,"
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我不能把句子改成“每个人都屏住她的呼吸”
08:47
or "Everyone held his breath,"
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或者是“每个人都屏住他的呼吸”
08:49
or "Everyone held his or her breath."
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或者“每个人都屏住他的或她的呼吸”
08:52
Whatever I suggested had to blend in.
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我提的建议得让句子融到一起
08:55
I asked, through the editor,
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我通过编辑来询问
08:56
if the author would consider changing it
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作者愿不愿意把句子改成
08:58
to "All in the vicinity held their breath,"
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“所有在附近的人都屏住了他们的呼吸”
09:01
because "all" is plural.
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因为“所有人”是复数
09:02
Nope.
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不行
09:04
I tried again: "All those present held their breath?"
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我再问 “所有出席的人都屏住了他们的呼吸?”
09:07
I thought this sounded vaguely judicial.
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我觉得这个听起来模模糊糊还算公正
09:09
But the editor pointed out
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但是编辑说
09:10
that we could not have "present" and "presence"
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我们不能把“出席的(present)”和“出席(presence)”
09:13
in the same sentence.
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放到一个句子里
09:15
When the final proof came back,
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校对过的最后版本出来时
09:16
the author had accepted "as" for "like,"
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作者接受了把“like”换成“as”
09:19
and "miked" for "mic'ed."
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也把“mic'ed”换成了"miked"
09:21
But on "Everyone held their breath," he stood his ground.
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但是在“每个人都屏住了他们的呼吸”这个句子上 作者维持原状
09:25
Two out of three isn't bad.
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三个改了两个,也还不错吧
09:28
In the same issue,
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同样的
09:29
in that piece on doggie bags in France,
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在那个讲法国食品袋的文章里
09:31
there was the gratuitous use of the f-word by a Frenchman.
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法国人无缘无故的说了好多脏话
09:36
I wonder, when the mail comes in,
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我很好奇,再次受到来信的时候,
09:38
which will have offended the readers more.
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到底是哪一个会让读者更加愤怒
09:41
(Laughter)
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(笑)
09:43
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
09:44
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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