Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition

82,608 views ・ 2010-04-26

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Li Chen 校对人员: Chunlei Chang
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
0
16260
2000
问候。
00:18
Good morning.
1
18260
2000
早上好。
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
2
20260
2000
考虑到我的TED履历,你可能期待
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
3
22260
2000
我会跟你们探讨
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
4
24260
2000
最新的慈善趋势,
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
5
26260
2000
新的让华尔街
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
6
28260
2000
和世界银行都兴奋,
00:30
how to invest in women,
7
30260
2000
那便是怎样在女性身上投资,
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
8
32260
3000
怎样授予她们全力,怎样拯救她们。
00:35
Not me.
9
35260
2000
那不是我。
00:37
I am interested in how women
10
37260
2000
我对女性如何
00:39
are saving us.
11
39260
2000
拯救我们更有兴趣。
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
12
41260
3000
她们拯救我们,重新定义和重新想像
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
13
44260
3000
一个反抗和模糊
00:47
accepted polarities,
14
47260
2000
传统冲突的未来,
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
15
49260
3000
那些我们认为理所当然的冲突,
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
16
52260
3000
像现代与传统之间的冲突,
00:55
First World and Third World,
17
55260
3000
发达国家与发展中国家之间的冲突,
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
18
58260
2000
压迫与机会之间的冲突。
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
19
60260
2000
在这些我们作为一个国际社会
01:02
we face as a global community,
20
62260
2000
所面对的使人气馁的挑战中,
01:04
there's something about
21
64260
2000
就有那么一个
01:06
this third way raga
22
66260
2000
另类的拉伽
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
23
68260
2000
使我的心在唱歌。
01:10
What intrigues me most
24
70260
2000
最令我好奇的是
01:12
is how women are doing this,
25
72260
2000
这些女性如何面对这些挑战,
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
26
74260
2000
尽管她们知道这是一对
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
27
76260
3000
既令人沮丧又让人兴奋的矛盾论。
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
28
79260
3000
为什么女人,既是
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
29
82260
3000
传统文化所压制的一群,
01:25
and yet at the same time,
30
85260
2000
又是,
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
31
87260
3000
保存传统文化的一群?
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
32
90260
2000
那希贾布或头巾是
01:32
a symbol of submission
33
92260
2000
屈服的标志
01:34
or resistance?
34
94260
2000
还是反抗的表示?
01:36
When so many women and girls
35
96260
3000
当无数女人和女孩子
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
36
99260
2000
被打,被强迫,被残废,
01:41
on a daily basis
37
101260
2000
这些每天都在发生,
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
38
103260
2000
在各种名义下发生,
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
39
105260
2000
像荣誉,信仰,民族等等,
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
40
107260
3000
是什么让女性重新植树,
01:50
to rebuild societies,
41
110260
2000
重造社会,
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
42
112260
2000
领导激进却不暴力
01:54
for social change?
43
114260
2000
为求社会变革的运动?
01:56
Is it different women
44
116260
2000
是不同的女性
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
45
118260
3000
在保存和在引领激进?
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
46
121260
2000
还是她们是同一个群体?
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
47
123260
3000
我们应该感到惭愧吗?正如 Chimamanda Adichie
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
48
126260
2000
在牛津的一个TED研讨会上提醒我们,
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
49
128260
3000
不要总是认为只有一个同样的
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
50
131260
2000
女性为她们的权利而斗争的故事,
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
51
133260
2000
因为事实上有许多这样不同的故事,
02:15
And what, if anything,
52
135260
2000
还有,
02:17
do men have to do with it?
53
137260
2000
这些跟男人有什么关系?
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
54
139260
2000
我的人生大部分时间都在探索,
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
55
141260
3000
试图得到这些问题的答案。
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
56
144260
2000
这带着我穿越国界,
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
57
146260
2000
并让我认识了一些非常不可思议的人。
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
58
148260
3000
在整个过程当中,我聚集了一些片断
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
59
151260
3000
来帮助我解答这个疑问。
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
60
154260
2000
在这些帮助我开阔视野
02:36
to a third way
61
156260
2000
认识另类的人当中,
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
62
158260
3000
有一个虔诚的阿富汗伊斯兰教信徒,
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
63
161260
3000
一群克罗地亚和声唱女同性恋者,
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
64
164260
3000
还有一个利比里亚的善于打破禁忌的人。
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
65
167260
2000
我对她们非常的感恩,
02:49
as I am to my parents,
66
169260
2000
就像我对自己的父母一般,
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
67
171260
3000
他们因为前世的一些轻罪,
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
68
174260
3000
今生得到了三个女儿。
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
69
177260
2000
不知道是什么原因,
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
70
179260
3000
他们却非常的为我们三个感到自豪。
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
71
183260
2000
我生于长于印度,
03:05
and I learned from an early age
72
185260
2000
并且我从小就懂得
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
73
187260
3000
对那些阿姨叔叔有所怀疑,
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
74
190260
2000
他们会弯腰,拍拍我们的头
03:12
and then say to my parents
75
192260
2000
然后他们会对我的父母
03:14
with no problem at all,
76
194260
2000
毫不犹豫的说,
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
77
196260
3000
"可怜的东西。 你们只有三个女儿。
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
78
199260
3000
但是你们都还年轻,还可以试试。"
03:22
My sense of outrage
79
202260
2000
我那股
03:24
about women's rights
80
204260
2000
对女性权利的义愤
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
81
207260
3000
在我11岁的时候毅然激起。
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
82
210260
2000
我的阿姨,一位非常口齿伶俐
03:32
and brilliant woman,
83
212260
2000
非常美丽的女士,
03:34
was widowed early.
84
214260
3000
早年丧夫。
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
85
217260
3000
一大群亲戚驾临她家。
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
86
220260
2000
他们把她的五彩莎丽脱去。
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
87
222260
3000
他们逼使她带上一个苍白的莎丽。
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
88
225260
3000
他们把她的额前痣抹去。
03:48
They broke her bangles.
89
228260
2000
他们把她的手镯打碎。
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
90
230260
2000
她的女儿,Rani,
03:52
a few years older than me,
91
232260
2000
比我大几岁,
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
92
234260
2000
坐在她的腿上,困惑,
03:56
not knowing what had happened
93
236260
2000
不懂得眼前
03:58
to the confident woman
94
238260
2000
发生在这个自信的女人身上的一切,
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
95
240260
2000
这个她曾经一度认为是她母亲的女人。
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
96
242260
2000
那天晚上,我听见我母亲
04:04
begging my father,
97
244260
2000
哀求我的父亲,
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
98
246260
3000
"请你为Ramu想想办法。难道你就不能阻止他们吗?"
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
99
249260
3000
我的父亲,低沉的喃喃自语道,
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
100
253260
3000
"我只是家里最年轻的兄弟,我无能为力。
04:16
This is tradition."
101
256260
2000
这是传统。"
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
102
258260
2000
那便是我懂得
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
103
260260
3000
在这个社会做女人的意味着什么。
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
104
264260
2000
我们女人不创立那些规矩,
04:26
but they define us, and they define
105
266260
2000
但是那些规矩定义我们,并定义
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
106
268260
2000
我们的机会和机遇。
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
107
270260
3000
男人也被这些规矩影响。
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
108
273260
3000
我的父亲,曾经参与三场战争,
04:37
could not save his own sister
109
277260
2000
却不能帮助他自己的姐姐
04:39
from this suffering.
110
279260
2000
脱离这场悲剧。
04:45
By 18,
111
285260
2000
还不到18岁,
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
112
287260
2000
在我母亲非凡的教导下,
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
113
289260
2000
我,像你们所像的一般,
04:51
defiantly feminist.
114
291260
2000
是一个大胆的女权运动者。
04:53
On the streets chanting,
115
293260
2000
在街上喊着,
04:55
"[Hindi]
116
295260
2000
[印度语]
04:57
[Hindi]
117
297260
2000
[印度语]
04:59
We are the women of India.
118
299260
3000
"我们是印度的妇女,
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
119
302260
2000
我们不是脆弱的花朵,我们是社会转变的火花。"
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
120
304260
3000
1995年,在我到达北京前,
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
121
307260
2000
我深深的知道,唯一
05:09
to achieve gender equality
122
309260
2000
通往两性平等的道路
05:11
was to overturn centuries
123
311260
2000
便是推翻世纪长的
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
124
313260
2000
压迫的传统。
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
125
315260
2000
在我从北京回来不久,
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
126
317260
3000
我马上决定为这个不同凡响的
05:20
founded by women,
127
320260
2000
由女性创立的组织工作,
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
128
322260
3000
支持全球妇女权利组织。
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
129
327260
2000
但是六个月不到,
05:29
I met a woman
130
329260
2000
我认识了一位女士,
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
131
331260
3000
一位让我不得不挑战我之前的假定的女士。
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
132
334260
2000
她叫Sakena Yacoobi。
05:38
She walked into my office
133
338260
2000
她走进我的办公室
05:40
at a time when no one knew
134
340260
2000
在一个没有任何美国人知道
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
135
342260
3000
阿富汗在哪的时代。
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
136
347260
3000
她对我说,"这跟布卡没有关系。"
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
137
350260
2000
她是我所见过的最坚决的
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
138
352260
2000
女权拥护者。
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
139
354260
3000
她告诉我妇女在她那深入阿富汗的社区里
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
140
357260
3000
开办地下学校
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
141
360260
2000
还有,她的组织,阿富汗学习学会,
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
142
362260
3000
在巴基斯坦也开办了一个学校。
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
143
365260
3000
她说,"任何伊斯兰教徒都知道的第一件事,
06:09
is that the Koran requires
144
369260
3000
便是可兰经规定
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
145
372260
3000
并强烈支持读写能力。
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
146
375260
2000
先知想让所有的信徒
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
147
377260
2000
都可以自己读写可兰经。"
06:19
Had I heard right?
148
379260
2000
我所听到的是真的吗?
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
149
381260
2000
一个女权拥护者
06:23
invoking religion?
150
383260
3000
居然激发宗教信仰?
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
151
386260
2000
可是Sakena违抗标记。
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
152
388260
3000
她一直都只戴一个头巾。
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
153
391260
2000
我跟她在海边散布过,
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
154
393260
3000
她的长头发在风中飘扬。
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
155
396260
2000
她每堂课开始之前都先做一个祈祷,
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
156
398260
3000
可是她是一位单身,坚决
06:41
financially independent woman
157
401260
2000
经济独立的女性,
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
158
403260
3000
生活在一个女孩在12岁的时候便出嫁的国度。
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
159
406260
3000
她也非常讲求实效。
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
160
410260
3000
“这个头巾和这些衣服,” 她说道,
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
161
413260
3000
“赋予我去做我必须的事的自由
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
162
416260
2000
去跟这个运动急需的支持和帮助
06:58
are critical for this work.
163
418260
3000
的那些人探讨。
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
164
421260
2000
当我需要在难民营中开办这个学校,
07:03
I went to see the imam.
165
423260
2000
我去拜见了伊玛目。
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
166
425260
3000
我告诉他,"我是一个信徒,这些妇女和孩子
07:08
in these terrible conditions
167
428260
2000
在如此水深火热当中
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
168
430260
3000
需要他们的信念来生存。"
07:13
She smiles slyly.
169
433260
2000
她俏皮的笑笑。
07:15
"He was flattered.
170
435260
2000
他被奉承得很满意。
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
171
437260
3000
他开始每星期来我的中心两次
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
172
440260
2000
因为这些妇女不能到清真寺。
07:22
And after he would leave,
173
442260
2000
在他离开以后,
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
174
444260
2000
这些妇女和女孩会留下来。
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
175
446260
2000
我们开始一个小小的读写班级
07:28
to read the Koran,
176
448260
2000
来念可兰经,
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
177
450260
3000
然后开始一个数学课,再一个英语课,再一个电脑课。
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
178
453260
3000
短短几个星期,每个在难民营的人
07:36
was in our classes."
179
456260
2000
都来上我们的课。 "
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
180
458260
3000
Sakena 是一位老师
07:41
at a time when to educate women
181
461260
3000
在阿富汗一个教育妇女是一件危险的事情
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
182
464260
2000
的年代。
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
183
466260
3000
她身居塔利班的打击对象名单。
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
184
469260
3000
她每次穿越那个国家,我都得为她担心。
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
185
472260
3000
每次我问她安全问题,她总是不在乎的耸耸肩。
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
186
475260
3000
"Kavita Jan, 我们可不能让自己害怕。
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
187
478260
2000
看看那些年轻的重新上学的女孩子
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
188
480260
2000
她们的脸被泼硫酸。"
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
189
482260
2000
我笑笑,点点头,
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
190
484260
2000
认识到自己正见证着妇女和女孩子们
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
191
486260
3000
用她们自己的宗教传统和惯例,
08:09
turning them into instruments
192
489260
2000
把它们变成反抗和创造机会
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
193
491260
3000
的工具。
08:14
Their path is their own
194
494260
2000
她们的道路是她们自己的
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
195
496260
3000
这条道路正朝着一个创造不同的阿富汗
08:19
that will be different.
196
499260
2000
的方向发展。
08:21
Being different is something the women
197
501260
2000
与别人不同是一件
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
198
503260
2000
克罗地亚 Zagreb, Lesbor的女人
08:25
know all too well.
199
505260
2000
司空见惯的事。
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
200
507260
2000
作为一位女同性恋者,
08:29
a homosexual
201
509260
2000
一位同性恋者
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
202
511260
2000
在世界的大部分角落,包括在这里,
08:33
in our country, India,
203
513260
2000
我们的祖国,印度,
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
204
515260
2000
等同于生活在一个极度不适
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
205
517260
2000
以及极度歧视的环境里。
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
206
519260
3000
在像克罗地亚这样的战后社会里,
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
207
522260
3000
极端爱国主义与宗教信仰
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
208
525260
2000
创造了一个让任何被社会排挤的
08:47
for anyone who might
209
527260
2000
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
210
529260
2000
无法忍受的恶劣环境。
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
211
531260
2000
想像一群女同性恋者,
08:53
young women who love the old music
212
533260
3000
一群年轻的,热爱
08:56
that once spread across that region
213
536260
2000
传遍整个地区的传统音乐的女人,
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
214
538260
2000
从马其顿到波斯尼亚,
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
215
540260
2000
从塞尔维亚到斯洛文尼亚。
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
216
542260
3000
这些民歌手相识在大学里的一个两性学习研究。
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
217
546260
3000
许多都只有20多岁。有些已为人母。
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
218
549260
3000
许多都得艰难的在她们的社区公开她们的性取向。
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
219
552260
3000
在家里,宗教信仰致使父母难以接受
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
220
555260
2000
他们的女儿没有生病,
09:17
just queer.
221
557260
2000
她们只是同性恋。
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
222
559260
3000
Leah,这个小组的发起人之一,说道,
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
223
562260
3000
我很喜欢传统音乐。
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
224
565260
2000
我也很喜欢摇滚音乐。
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
225
567260
2000
所以我们何二为一,叫Lesbor。
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
226
569260
2000
我觉得传统音乐就像一种叛逆,
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
227
571260
3000
人们可以大胆抒发他们的想法,
09:34
especially traditional songs
228
574260
2000
特别是一些来自
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
229
576260
2000
其他前南斯拉夫共和国的传统歌曲。
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
230
578260
3000
战后,许多像这样的歌曲被遗失。
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
231
581260
2000
但是它们是我们童年更是我们历史的一部分,
09:43
and we should not forget them."
232
583260
2000
我们不应该把它们遗忘。 “
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
233
585260
3000
不大可能般的,这个同性恋,双性恋,以及变性合唱团
09:48
has demonstrated how women
234
588260
2000
向我们展示了这些女人如何
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
235
590260
3000
在传统上投资来创造转变,
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
236
593260
3000
像炼金术士一般将纠纷转变成和谐。
09:56
Their repertoire includes
237
596260
2000
她们的表演项目包括
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
238
598260
2000
克罗地亚国歌,
10:00
a Bosnian love song
239
600260
2000
一首波斯尼亚爱情歌
10:02
and Serbian duets.
240
602260
2000
和一些塞尔维亚对唱。
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
241
604260
2000
Leah接着笑笑的说,
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
242
606260
3000
"Kavita, 我们对自己的圣诞音乐特别自豪,
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
243
609260
3000
因为它们显示了我们欢迎宗教信仰
10:12
even though Catholic Church
244
612260
2000
尽管天主教会
10:14
hates us LGBT."
245
614260
2000
对我们极度痛恨。"
10:16
Their concerts draw from
246
616260
2000
她们的演唱会观众来自
10:18
their own communities, yes,
247
618260
2000
她们本身的社区,这是当然的,
10:20
but also from an older generation:
248
620260
2000
还有来自老的一辈
10:22
a generation that might be
249
622260
2000
一辈可能对
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
250
624260
2000
同性恋存在怀疑,
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
251
626260
3000
但是对他们自己的传统音乐以及过去非常的怀念。
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
252
629260
3000
一位父亲曾经一度阻止他的女儿
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
253
632260
2000
在这样一个合唱团公开她的性取向,
10:34
now writes songs for them.
254
634260
2000
现在却为她们写歌。
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
255
636260
2000
在中世纪,游吟诗人
10:38
would travel across the land
256
638260
2000
会穿越每片土地,
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
257
640260
3000
唱着他们的故事,分享他们的诗节。
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
258
643260
3000
Lesbor像巴尔干半岛人一般的跨越不同国度,
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
259
646260
2000
合唱着,把那些
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
260
648260
3000
被宗教,国籍以及语言分离的人们连在一起,
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
261
651260
2000
波斯尼亚人,克罗地亚人,还有塞尔维亚人
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
262
653260
3000
找到在他们历史里一个极为少有的,共同分享的一份荣耀,
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
263
656260
2000
Lesbor提醒他们
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
264
658260
3000
这些歌曲,看似只属于某个民族,
11:01
really belong to them all.
265
661260
2000
其实属于所有的民族。
11:03
(Singing)
266
663260
7000
(歌声)
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
267
683260
2000
昨天, Mallika Sarabhai向我们展示了
11:25
that music can create a world
268
685260
2000
音乐可以创造一个世界
11:27
more accepting of difference
269
687260
2000
一个比我们现有
11:29
than the one we have been given.
270
689260
3000
可以包容更多不同的世界。
11:32
The world Leymah Gbowee was given
271
692260
2000
Layma Bowie所给予的世界
11:34
was a world at war.
272
694260
2000
是一个在打仗的世界。
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
273
696260
3000
利比里亚长期被内乱弄得四分五裂。
11:40
Leymah was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
274
700260
3000
Layma不是一位积极分子,她是三个孩子的母亲。
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
275
703260
2000
可是她一直不停的担忧。
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
276
705260
2000
她担心她的儿子被绑架
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
277
707260
2000
去当儿童兵。
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
278
709260
2000
她担心她的女儿们会被强暴。
11:51
she worried for their lives.
279
711260
3000
她为他们的生活忧心。
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
280
714260
2000
一天晚上,她做了一个梦。
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
281
716260
2000
她梦见她和别的成千上万的女人
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
282
718260
2000
结束了这场血战。
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
283
720260
3000
第二天早上在教会里,她问大家对这场内乱都怎么想。
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
284
723260
2000
大家都对这些战争感到很疲惫。
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
285
725260
3000
我们需要和平,而且我们得让我们的领导人知道
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
286
728260
3000
我们达不到目标是不会放弃的。
12:11
Among Leymah's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
287
731260
3000
在Layma的朋友当中,有一位伊斯兰教女警察。
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
288
734260
3000
她承诺向她的社区提起这件事情。
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
289
737260
2000
到下个星期五的布道,
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
290
739260
2000
那些在清真寺侧房里的女人
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
291
741260
3000
开始讨论她们对时势的担忧。
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
292
744260
3000
"这有什么关系?"她们说,"一颗子弹根本不能辨别
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
293
747260
2000
谁是伊斯兰教徒谁是基督教徒。"
12:29
This small group of women,
294
749260
2000
这一小群妇女
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
295
751260
2000
下定决心一定要结束这场内乱。
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
296
753260
3000
而且她们决定利用她们的传统来表达她们的决心。
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
297
756260
2000
利比里亚女人通常穿戴
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
298
758260
2000
许多首饰和五颜六色的衣服。
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
299
760260
2000
可是,在抗议当中,这些妇女只穿
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
300
762260
2000
全身白色,没有化妆。
12:44
As Leymah said, "We wore the white
301
764260
2000
像Layma说的一般,"我们穿白色
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
302
766260
2000
来表达我们缺乏和平的事实。"
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
303
768260
2000
她们站在
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
304
770260
2000
Charles Taylor的摩托车每天都经过的路旁。
12:52
They stood for weeks --
305
772260
2000
她们一个星期接着一个星期的站在那,
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
306
774260
3000
一开始只有10个人,然后20人,然后50人,最后几百名妇女
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
307
777260
3000
穿着白色,唱着歌,跳着舞,
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
308
780260
3000
告诉大家她们需要和平。
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
309
783260
2000
最后,利比里亚的敌对势力
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
310
785260
3000
被迫在加纳举行和谈。
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
311
789260
3000
和谈不断的被拖延。
13:12
Leymah and her sisters had had enough.
312
792260
2000
Layma和她的姐妹们忍无可忍。
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
313
794260
2000
她们用剩下的经费,带上
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
314
796260
2000
一小群妇女,来到和谈的会场,
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
315
798260
2000
她们把会场包围。
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
316
800260
3000
在一个后来变得非常有名的CNN短片,
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
317
803260
2000
你可以看见这群妇女坐在地上,她们的手臂相连着。
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
318
805260
3000
在印度我们把这叫做 [印度语]。
13:29
Then things get tense.
319
809260
2000
接着事情变得激进。
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
320
811260
3000
警察被命令把这些妇女赶离现场。
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
321
814260
3000
当高级警官拿着警棍向她们靠近,
13:37
Leymah stands up with deliberation,
322
817260
2000
Layma从容地站起来,
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
323
819260
2000
把双手举高,越过她的头,
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
324
821260
2000
开始慢慢的
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
325
823260
3000
解开包着她头发的头巾。
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
326
826260
3000
你可以看见那位警察的脸。
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
327
829260
3000
他感到不好意思。 他开始退后。
13:52
And the next thing you know,
328
832260
2000
接着下来,
13:54
the police have disappeared.
329
834260
2000
警察们消失了。
13:56
Leymah said to me later,
330
836260
2000
Layma后来告诉我,
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
331
838260
3000
"这是一个禁忌,你知道,在西非。
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
332
841260
3000
如果一个年长的妇女在一个男人面前拖衣,
14:04
because she wants to,
333
844260
2000
因为她是自愿的,
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
334
846260
2000
那个男人的全家便被诅咒。"
14:08
(Laughter)
335
848260
2000
(笑声)
14:10
(Applause)
336
850260
2000
(掌声)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
337
852260
3000
她说,"我不知道他退后是不是因为他相信这个传统,
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
338
855260
2000
不过他知道我们是不会离开的。
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
339
857260
3000
如果和平协议一天没有签订,我们是决不会离开的。"
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
340
860260
2000
然后和平协议最终签订了。
14:22
And the women of Liberia
341
862260
2000
利比里亚的妇女
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
342
864260
3000
发起组织支持Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
343
867260
2000
一位打破不少禁忌的女士,
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
344
869260
2000
成为数年来非洲
14:31
in Africa in years.
345
871260
3000
第一位当选的女国家元首。
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
346
875260
3000
在她发表她的总统报告时,
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
347
878260
2000
她公开感谢那些勇敢的利比里亚妇女
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
348
880260
3000
是她们让她赢过了一位足球明星-
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
349
883260
2000
对于你们美国人来说,那便是英式足球--
14:45
no less.
350
885260
2000
她们居然让她赢过了这位明星。
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
351
887260
2000
像Sakena和Leah一般的妇女,
14:49
and Leymah
352
889260
2000
还有Layma
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
353
891260
3000
让我感到谦虚,她们改变了我
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
354
894260
3000
并让我懂得我不应该那么快
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
355
897260
3000
的对任何人做结论。
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
356
901260
2000
她们用自己对这另类的道路的看法,
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
357
903260
3000
把我从我那正义的愤怒里拯救过来。
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
358
907260
2000
一位菲律宾籍的积极分子告诉我,
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
359
909260
2000
"你怎么做米饼?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
360
911260
3000
用来自底部的热气和来自顶端的热气。"
15:14
The protests, the marches,
361
914260
2000
这些抗议,这些游行,
15:16
the uncompromising position that
362
916260
2000
永不妥协的事实是
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
363
918260
3000
妇女的权利是人权的基本一部分,句号。
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
364
922260
2000
那便是来自底部的热气。
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
365
924260
2000
那是Malcolm X和主张妇女有权参政者
15:26
and gay pride parades.
366
926260
2000
还有同性恋自豪游行。
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
367
928260
2000
可是我们也需要来自顶端的热气。
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
368
930260
2000
在这个世界的大部分角落,
15:32
that top is still
369
932260
2000
顶端还是由
15:34
controlled by men.
370
934260
2000
男人所控制。
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
371
936260
3000
在这里释义一下Marx:妇女创造改变,
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
372
939260
3000
并不在她们选择的环境里。
15:42
They have to negotiate.
373
942260
2000
她们得谈判。
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
374
944260
3000
她们得颠覆那些一度使她们沉默的传统
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
375
947260
3000
只为了能把新的抱负公诸于世。
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
376
950260
3000
她们还需要来自她们社区的同盟,
15:53
Allies like the imam,
377
953260
2000
像那个伊玛目一般的盟友,
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
378
955260
2000
像那位开始为克罗地亚女同性恋歌唱团写新歌的父亲
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
379
957260
3000
一般的盟友,
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
380
960260
3000
像那位遵守禁忌选择后退的警察一般的盟友,
16:03
allies like my father,
381
963260
2000
像我父亲一般的盟友,
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
382
965260
3000
虽然他无法帮助自己的姐姐,但是他帮助他三个女儿
16:08
pursue their dreams.
383
968260
2000
去寻求她们的梦想。
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
384
970260
2000
这可能是因为女权主义,
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
385
972260
2000
不象别的社会运动,
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
386
974260
3000
都反对一个明显的压迫者。
16:17
it's not the ruling class
387
977260
2000
这并不是反对统治阶级,
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
388
979260
3000
或占据者,或殖民地者,
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
389
982260
3000
这是反对一些在我们女人常常
16:25
that we women, far too often,
390
985260
3000
脑子里
16:28
hold ourselves.
391
988260
2000
根深蒂固的信仰和认定。
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
392
990260
3000
也许这就是女权主义的最有利的地方,
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
393
993260
3000
个人的实际上就是政治的。
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
394
996260
2000
因此,这就跟Eleanor Roosevelt 所说的人权一样,
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
395
998260
3000
两性平等也如此,
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
396
1001260
3000
它从一些小的,靠近家的地方开始。
16:44
On the streets, yes,
397
1004260
2000
在街上,对,
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
398
1006260
3000
也在厨房饭桌上的辩论
16:49
and in the marital bed
399
1009260
2000
还有在婚姻的床上
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
400
1011260
2000
以及在爱人家人的感情里
16:53
and sisters and friends.
401
1013260
2000
在姐妹朋友的感情里。
16:57
And then
402
1017260
2000
然后,然后,
16:59
you realize that by integrating
403
1019260
2000
你发现将
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
404
1021260
2000
传统和社区与
17:03
into their struggles,
405
1023260
2000
她们的斗争联合起来,
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Leymah --
406
1025260
3000
像Sakena 和 Leah 还有 Layma的妇女,
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
407
1028260
2000
还有在印度的Sonia Gandhi,
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
408
1030260
3000
智利的Michelle Bachelet,
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
409
1033260
3000
以及伊朗的Shirin Ebadi
17:16
are doing something else.
410
1036260
2000
都在做一些别的事情。
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
411
1038260
2000
她们正挑战这个
17:20
of Western models of development.
412
1040260
3000
西方发展模式。
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
413
1043260
3000
她们正用行动表明,我们并不需要像你
17:26
to make change.
414
1046260
2000
来创造改变。
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
415
1048260
3000
我们穿莎丽或希贾布
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
416
1051260
2000
或穿裤子或布布装,
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
417
1053260
3000
我们同样可以成为党领导人和总统
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
418
1056260
2000
以及人权律师。
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
419
1058260
3000
我们可以用我们的传统来探索改变。
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
420
1061260
3000
我们可以使社会非军事化
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
421
1064260
2000
取而代之,我们倒入资源
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
422
1066260
3000
用于真正的国防。
17:50
It is in these little stories,
423
1070260
3000
就是在这些小故事里,
17:53
these individual stories,
424
1073260
2000
这些独立的故事里,
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
425
1075260
2000
我看到了由
17:57
by women around the world.
426
1077260
2000
世界各处的妇女撰写的一部激进的史诗。
17:59
It is in these threads
427
1079260
2000
就是在这些被
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
428
1081260
2000
编织到一块强硬织布的,
18:03
that will sustain communities,
429
1083260
3000
会支持社区的线条里,
18:06
that I find hope.
430
1086260
2000
我找到了希望。
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
431
1088260
2000
如果我的心在歌唱,
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
432
1090260
3000
那时因为,在这些零碎的片断里,
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
433
1093260
2000
不时的,你会捕捉到一瞬,
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
434
1095260
3000
能看到一个全新世界的一瞬。
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
435
1098260
3000
这个全新的世界,她正朝着我们迈进。
18:21
Thank you.
436
1101260
2000
谢谢。
18:23
(Applause)
437
1103260
8000
(掌声)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7