Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition

82,608 views ・ 2010-04-26

TED


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Prevoditelj: Matea Srčnik Recezent: Katarina Smetko
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
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Salaam. Namaskar.
00:18
Good morning.
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Dobro jutro.
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
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S obzirom na moj TED profil, vjerojatno očekujete
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
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da ću vam govoriti o
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
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najnovijim filantropskim trendovima --
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
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o onome o kojemu Wall Street
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
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i Svjetska banka trenutno bruje --
00:30
how to invest in women,
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kako uložiti u žene,
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
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kako ih osnažiti, kako ih spasiti.
00:35
Not me.
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Ali ne ja.
00:37
I am interested in how women
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Mene zanima kako žene
00:39
are saving us.
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spašavaju nas.
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
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Spašavaju nas iznova definirajući i zamišljajući
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
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budućnost koja prkosi i zamagljuje
00:47
accepted polarities,
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prihvaćene suprotnosti,
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
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suprotnosti koje smo dugo uzimali zdravo za gotovo,
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
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poput onih između suvremenosti i tradicije,
00:55
First World and Third World,
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razvijenih zemalja i onih u razvoju,
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
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ugnjetavanja i mogućnosti.
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
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Usred zastrašujućih izazova s kojima smo
01:02
we face as a global community,
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kao globalna zajednica suočeni,
01:04
there's something about
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ima nečega u ovoj
01:06
this third way raga
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melodiji promjene
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
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zbog koje moje srce pjeva.
01:10
What intrigues me most
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Ono što me najviše zanima
01:12
is how women are doing this,
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jest kako žene to rade,
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
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unatoč skupu paradoksa,
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
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frustrirajućih i fascinantnih u isto vrijeme.
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
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Zašto su žene, s jedne strane,
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
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okrutno ugnjetavane kulturnim običajima,
01:25
and yet at the same time,
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a u isto su vrijeme
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
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one te koje će u većini društava kulturu očuvati?
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
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Je li hidžab, odnosno marama
01:32
a symbol of submission
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simbol pokornosti
01:34
or resistance?
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ili otpora?
01:36
When so many women and girls
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Kad je toliko žena i djevojaka
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
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svakodnevno prebijeno, silovano
01:41
on a daily basis
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i osakaćeno
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
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zbog svakojakih razloga --
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
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časti, religije, nacionalnosti --
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
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što omogućava ženama da ponovno posade drveće,
01:50
to rebuild societies,
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da izgrade društva,
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
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da predvode radikalne, nenasilne pokrete
01:54
for social change?
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za društvenu promjenu?
01:56
Is it different women
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Jesu li to različite žene
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
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koje rade na očuvanju i na radikaliziranju?
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
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Ili su one jedna, ista žena?
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
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Jesmo li krivi, kako nas je Chimamanda Adichie podsjetila
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
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na TED konferenciji u Oxfordu,
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
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za pretpostavljanje da postoji samo jedna priča
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
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o borbama žena za svoja prava,
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
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dok ih, zapravo, ima mnogo?
02:15
And what, if anything,
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I što, ako išta,
02:17
do men have to do with it?
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muškarci imaju s tim?
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
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Većina moga života bilo je traganje
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
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za odgovorima na ova pitanja.
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
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Odvelo me u sve krajeve svijeta
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
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i upoznala sam neke nevjerojatne ljude.
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
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Tijekom toga, skupila sam nekoliko dijelova
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
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koji su mi pomogli da shvatim ovu slagalicu.
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
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Među onima koji su mi pomogli da shvatim
02:36
to a third way
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novi način
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
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jesu: pobožna muslimanka iz Afganistana,
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
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skupina raspjevanih lezbijki iz Hrvatske
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
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i kršiteljica tabua iz Liberije.
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
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Dužnica sam im,
02:49
as I am to my parents,
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kao i svojim roditeljima,
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
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koji su zbog nekih nepodopština u prošlome životu
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
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bili blagoslovljeni trima kćerima u ovome.
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
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Iz nekih, meni nejasnih razloga,
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
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oni su, čini se, neizmjerno ponosni na nas tri.
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
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Rođena sam i odrasla ovdje, u Indiji,
03:05
and I learned from an early age
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i u ranoj sam dobi naučila da
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
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treba biti sumnjičav prema rodbini koja
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
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bi se sagnula, potapšala nas po glavi
03:12
and then say to my parents
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i rekla mojim roditeljima
03:14
with no problem at all,
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bez suzdržavanja,
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
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"Jadni vi. Imate jedino tri kćeri.
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
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No mladi ste, još uvijek možete pokušati."
03:22
My sense of outrage
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Moj osjećaj bijesa
03:24
about women's rights
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u vezi prava žena
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
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kulminirao je kad mi je bilo oko 11 godina.
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
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Moja tetka, nevjerojatno rječita
03:32
and brilliant woman,
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i briljantna žena,
03:34
was widowed early.
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rano je ostala udovicom.
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
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Oko nje se skupilo jato rođaka.
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
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Skinuli su njezin raznobojni sari.
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
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Natjerali su ju da nosi bijeli.
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
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Obrisali su joj bindi s čela.
03:48
They broke her bangles.
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Razbili narukvice.
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
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Njezina kći, Rani,
03:52
a few years older than me,
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nekoliko godina starija od mene,
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
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zbunjeno je sjedila u njezinu krilu,
03:56
not knowing what had happened
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ne shvaćajući što se dogodilo
03:58
to the confident woman
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samouvjerenoj ženi
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
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koju ju je znala kao svoju majku.
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
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Kasno te večeri, čula sam svoju majku
04:04
begging my father,
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kako preklinje oca:
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
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"Molim te, učini nešto, Ramu. Ne možeš li se umiješati?"
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
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Zatim je moj otac tiho promrmljao:
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
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"Ja sam samo najmlađi brat, ne mogu ništa učiniti.
04:16
This is tradition."
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To je tradicija."
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
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Te sam večeri naučila pravila
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
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o tome što znači biti žensko u ovome svijetu.
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
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Žene ne smišljaju ta pravila,
04:26
but they define us, and they define
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ali ona određuju nas, i određuju
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
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naše mogućnosti i naše prilike.
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
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Ta pravila utječu i na muškarce.
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
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Moj otac, koji se borio u tri rata,
04:37
could not save his own sister
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nije mogao spasiti vlastitu sestru
04:39
from this suffering.
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od ove patnje.
04:45
By 18,
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Do 18. sam godine,
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
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pod izvrsnim vodstvom svoje majke,
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
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postala, kako ste možda već i pogodili,
04:51
defiantly feminist.
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prkosna feministkinja.
04:53
On the streets chanting,
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Na ulicama sam pjevala,
04:55
"[Hindi]
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"[Hindi]
04:57
[Hindi]
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[Hindi]
04:59
We are the women of India.
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Mi smo žene Indije.
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
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Nismo cvijeće, mi smo iskre promjene."
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
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Kad sam stigla u Peking 1995.,
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
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već mi je bilo jasno da je jedini način
05:09
to achieve gender equality
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da se postigne jednakost spolova
05:11
was to overturn centuries
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bio da se sruše stoljeća
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
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okrutne tradicije.
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
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Nedugo nakon povratka iz Pekinga,
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
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spremno sam prihvatila priliku da radim za divnu organizaciju
05:20
founded by women,
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koju su osnovale žene
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
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kako bi podržale prava žena diljem svijeta.
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
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No, nakon jedva šest mjeseci na tom poslu,
05:29
I met a woman
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upoznala sam ženu
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
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zbog koje sam morala posumnjatiu sve svoje pretpostavke.
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
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Njezino je ime Sakena Yacoobi.
05:38
She walked into my office
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Ušetala je u moj ured
05:40
at a time when no one knew
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u vrijeme kad nitko u SAD-u
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
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nije znao gdje se nalazi Afganistan.
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
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Rekla mi je: "Nije stvar u burki."
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
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Bila je najodlučniji zagovaratelj
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
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prava žena kojega sam ikad čula.
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
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Rekla mi je da žene drže i vode tajne škole
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
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u njezinim zajednicama u Afganistanu,
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
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te da je njezina udruga, Afganistanski institut za učenje,
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
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otvorila školu u Pakistanu.
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
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Rekla je: "Jedna stvar koju zna svaki musliman
06:09
is that the Koran requires
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jest ta da Kuran zahtijeva
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
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i snažno potiče pismenost.
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
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Prorok je želio da svaki vjernik
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
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bude u mogućnosti sam čitati Kuran."
06:19
Had I heard right?
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Jesam li dobro čula?
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
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Zar se to zagovarateljlica prava žena
06:23
invoking religion?
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pozivala na religiju?
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
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No, Sakena prezire etikete.
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
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Oko glave uvijek nosi maramu,
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
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no hodala sam uz nju na plaži, gdje svoju
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
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dugu kosu pusti da leti na povjetarcu.
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
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Svako predavanje započinje molitvom,
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
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no ona je sama, borbena,
06:41
financially independent woman
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financijski neovisna žena
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
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u zemlji gdje djevojke daju u brak s 12 godina.
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
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Također je neizmjerno pragmatična.
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
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"Ova marama i odjeća", kaže,
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
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"daju mi slobodu da radim što moram kako bih
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
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razgovarala s onima čije su potpora i pomoć
06:58
are critical for this work.
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ključne za ovaj posao.
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
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Kada sam trebala otvoriti školu u izbjegličkom kampu,
07:03
I went to see the imam.
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posjetila sam imama.
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
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Rekla sam mu: 'Ja sam vjernica, a žene i djeca
07:08
in these terrible conditions
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u ovim užasnim uvjetima
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
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trebaju vjeru kako bi preživjeli.'"
07:13
She smiles slyly.
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Lukavo se nasmiješila.
07:15
"He was flattered.
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"Bio je polaskan.
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
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Počeo je dolaziti dvaput tjedno u moj centar,
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
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budući da žene nisu mogle ući u džamiju.
07:22
And after he would leave,
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Nakon što bi otišao,
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
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žene i djevojke su ostajale.
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
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Počeli smo s malim satovima pisanja
07:28
to read the Koran,
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i čitanja Kurana,
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
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zatim sa satom matematike, zatim engleskog, pa informatike.
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
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Kroz nekoliko tjedana, svi iz izbjegličkog kampa
07:36
was in our classes."
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počeli su pohađati te satove."
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
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Sakena je učiteljica
07:41
at a time when to educate women
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u vrijeme kad je obrazovanje žena
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
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u Afganistanu opasan posao.
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
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Na talibanskoj je listi za odstrel.
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
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Brinem se za nju svaki put kad putuje kroz tu zemlju.
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
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Ona samo slegne ramenima kad ju pitam za sigurnost.
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
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"Kavita jaan, ne možemo si dopustiti strah.
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
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Pogledaj sve ove djevojke koje se vraćaju u školu
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
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nakon što im bace kiselinu u lice."
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
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Samo se nasmijem i kimnem,
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
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shvativši da gledam žene i djevojke
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
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koje koriste vlastite religijske tradicije i običaje
08:09
turning them into instruments
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i pretvaraju ih u sredstva
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
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otpora i novih prilika.
08:14
Their path is their own
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Njihov je put samo njihov
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
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i vodi prema Afganistanu
08:19
that will be different.
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koji će biti drugačiji.
08:21
Being different is something the women
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Biti drugačijima nešto je što žene
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
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Le Zbora u Zagrebu, u Hrvatskoj
08:25
know all too well.
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znaju i više nego dobro.
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
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Biti lezbijka, lezbača,
08:29
a homosexual
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homoseksualac,
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
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u većini dijelova svijeta, pa tako i ovdje
08:33
in our country, India,
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u našoj zemlji, Indiji,
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
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znači biti izložen beskrajnoj nelagodi
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
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i ekstremnim predrasudama.
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
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U postkonfliktnim društvima poput Hrvatske,
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
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gdje su hipernacionalizam i religioznost
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
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stvorili nepodnošljivu okolinu
08:47
for anyone who might
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za bilo koga tko bi se mogao
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
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smatrati društvenim izopćenikom.
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
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Pogledajmo skupinu priznatih lezbi,
08:53
young women who love the old music
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mladih žena koje vole staru glazbu
08:56
that once spread across that region
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koja se nekada orila tom regijom
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
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od Makedonije do Bosne,
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
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od Srbije do Slovenije.
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
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Te pjevačice narodne glazbe upoznale su se na rodnim studijama.
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
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Mnoge imaju 20-ak godina, neke su majke.
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
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Mnoge su se mučile da se otkriju svojim zajednicama,
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
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obiteljima čija religijska uvjerenja otežavaju da prihvate
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
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da njihove kćeri nisu bolesne,
09:17
just queer.
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samo neobične.
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
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Lea, jedna od osnivačica skupine, kaže:
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
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"Jako volim tradicionalnu glazbu.
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
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Također volim rock and roll.
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
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U Le Zboru, spajamo to dvoje.
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
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Smatram tradicionalnu glazbu nekom vrstom pobune,
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
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u kojoj ljudi zbilja mogu reći što misle,
09:34
especially traditional songs
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posebno tradicionalne pjesme
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
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iz drugih dijelova bivše Jugoslavije.
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
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Nakon rata, mnogo je tih pjesama izgubljeno,
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
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no, one su dio našega djetinjstva i naše povijesti
09:43
and we should not forget them."
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i ne bismo ih trebali zaboraviti."
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
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Začudo, ovaj LGBT zbor
09:48
has demonstrated how women
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pokazao je kako žene
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
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ulažu u tradiciju kako bi potaknule promjenu,
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
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poput alkemičarki pretvaraju nesklad u sklad.
09:56
Their repertoire includes
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Njihov repertoar uključuje
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
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hrvatsku himnu,
10:00
a Bosnian love song
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bosansku ljubavnu pjesmu
10:02
and Serbian duets.
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i srpske duete.
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
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Lea sa smiješkom dodaje:
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
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"Kavita, izrazito se ponosimo našom božićnom glazbom,
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
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jer pokazuje da smo otvorene prema religiji
10:12
even though Catholic Church
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iako Katolička crkva
10:14
hates us LGBT."
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mrzi LGBT."
10:16
Their concerts draw from
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Inspiraciju pronalaze u
10:18
their own communities, yes,
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vlastitim zajednicama, istina,
10:20
but also from an older generation:
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no također i u starijoj generaciji:
10:22
a generation that might be
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generaciji koja možda osjeća
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
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sumnju prema homoseksualnosti,
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
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ali i nostalgiju prema svojoj glazbi i prošlosti koju predstavlja.
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
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Jedan otac, koji je isprva sprječavao kćer da se
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
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otkrije u takvome zboru,
10:34
now writes songs for them.
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sada za njih piše pjesme.
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
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U Srednjem su vijeku trubaduri
10:38
would travel across the land
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putovali diljem zemlje
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
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pjevajući svoje priče i stihove:
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
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Le Zbor tako putuje Balkanom,
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
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pjevajući, spajajući ljude podijeljene
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
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religijom, nacionalnošću i jezikom.
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
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Bošnjaci, Hrvati i Srbi
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
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dijele rijedak zajednički osjećaj ponosa u svojoj povijesti,
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
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a Le Zbor ih podsjeća da
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
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pjesme koje jedan narod često svojata
11:01
really belong to them all.
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zapravo pripadaju svima njima.
11:03
(Singing)
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(Pjevanje)
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
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Jučer nam je Mallika Sarabhai pokazala
11:25
that music can create a world
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da glazba može stvoriti svijet
11:27
more accepting of difference
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koji prihvaća različitost
11:29
than the one we have been given.
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spremnije nego ovaj u kojem živimo.
11:32
The world Leymah Gbowee was given
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Svijet u kojem je Leymah Gbowee živjela
11:34
was a world at war.
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bio je svijet u ratu.
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
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Liberija je desetljećima razdirana građanskom sukobom.
11:40
Leymah was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
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Leymah nije bila aktivistkinja, bila je majka troje djece.
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
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No, razdirala ju je briga.
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
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Brinula se da će joj oteti sina
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
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i učiniti ga malim vojnikom,
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
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bojala se da će joj kćeri biti silovane,
11:51
she worried for their lives.
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bojala se za njihove živote.
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
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Jedne je noći usnula san.
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
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Sanjala je da su ona i tisuće drugih žena
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
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stale na kraj krvoproliću.
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
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Idućeg je jutra u crkvi druge pitala što misle o tome.
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
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Svima je bilo dosta borbe.
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
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Želimo mir i želimo da naši vođe znaju
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
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da nećemo mirovati dok ne nastupi mir.
12:11
Among Leymah's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
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Među Leyminim prijateljicama bila je policajka, muslimanka.
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
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Obećala je da će problem iznijeti svojoj zajednici.
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
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Idućeg petka na misi,
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
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žene koje su sjedile u posebnoj prostoriji džamije
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
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izrazile su zabrinutost oko stanja stvari.
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
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"Kakve veze ima?" rekle su, "Metak ne razlikuje
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
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muslimana od kršćanina."
12:29
This small group of women,
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Ova mala skupina žena,
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
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odlučna da stane ratu na kraj,
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
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uzele su tradiciju kao oruđe kojim bi nešto dokazale:
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
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žene Liberije obično nose
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
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mnoštvo nakita i šarenu odjeću.
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
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Međutim, za protest su se odjenule
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
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u bijelo, nenašminkane.
12:44
As Leymah said, "We wore the white
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Leymah je rekla, "Obukle smo bijelo
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
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da pokažemo da smo tu zbog mira."
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
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Stale su na stranu ceste na kojoj je
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
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povorka Charlesa Taylora prolazila svaki dan.
12:52
They stood for weeks --
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Stajale su tjednima --
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
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prvo njih 10, zatim 20, pa 50, zatim stotine žena --
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
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sve u bijelom, pjevajući, plešući,
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
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govoreći da su tu za mir.
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
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Naposljetku, suprotstavljene snage Liberije
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
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bile su prisiljene održati mirovne pregovore u Gani.
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
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Pregovori su se odužili u nedogled.
13:12
Leymah and her sisters had had enough.
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Leymi i njenim sestrama bilo je dosta.
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
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S preostalim su sredstvima povele
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
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malu skupinu žena do mjesta mirovnih pregovora
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
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i opkolile zgradu.
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
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U poznatom CNN-ovom isječku
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
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može ih se vidjeti kako isprepletenih ruku sjede na zemlji.
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
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Mi u Indiji znamo za ovo. Zove se [Hindi].
13:29
Then things get tense.
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Stvari postaju napete.
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
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Pozvana je policija da fizičkom silom odvede žene.
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
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Kako se policajac približavao s pendrekom,
13:37
Leymah stands up with deliberation,
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tako je Leymah promišljeno ustala,
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
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podigla ruke iznad glave
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
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i, vrlo polako, počela
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
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razmotavati maramu koja joj je pokrivala kosu.
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
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Moglo se vidjeti policajčevo lice.
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
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Izgledao je posramljeno. Ustuknuo je.
13:52
And the next thing you know,
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I prije nego se itko snašao,
13:54
the police have disappeared.
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policija je nestala.
13:56
Leymah said to me later,
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Leymah mi je kasnije rekla:
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
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"Znaš, to je tabu u Zapadnoj Africi.
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
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Ako se starija žena razodjene pred muškarcem
14:04
because she wants to,
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jer ona to želi,
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
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njegova je obitelj prokleta."
14:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:10
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
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Rekla je: "Ne znam je li to učinio jer je vjerovao u to,
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
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ali znao je da mi ne kanimo otići.
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
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Nismo mislile otići dok mirovni sporazum ne bude potpisan."
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
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Sporazum je i bio potpisan.
14:22
And the women of Liberia
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Žene Liberije tada su
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
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krenule u potporu Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
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ženi koja je i sama kršila tabue postavši
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
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prvom ženom koja je izabrana na čelo države u Africi
14:31
in Africa in years.
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nakon mnogo godina.
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
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Kad je držala svoj predsjednički govor,
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
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odala je priznanje ovim hrabrim ženama Liberije,
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
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koje su joj omoguće da odnese pobjedu
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
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nad nogometnom zvijezdom,
14:45
no less.
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ništa manje.
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
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Zbog žena poput Sakene i Lee
14:49
and Leymah
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i Leyme
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
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postala sam skromnija i promijenila sam se.
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
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Zbog njih sam shvatila da ne trebam brzati
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
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prema bilo kakvim zaključcima.
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
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Također su me spasile od moga pravedničkog bijesa
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
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pokazujući mi ovaj treći način.
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
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Jedna filipinska aktivistica jednom mi je rekla:
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
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"Kako ispeći kolač od riže?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
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Vrućinom odozdo i vrućinom odozgo."
15:14
The protests, the marches,
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Protesti, marševi,
15:16
the uncompromising position that
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nepopustljiv stav da su
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
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prava žena ljudska prava, točka.
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
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To je vrućina odozdo.
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
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To su Malcolm X i sufražetkinje
15:26
and gay pride parades.
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i gay pride parade.
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
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No, trebamo i vrućinu odozgo.
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
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A u većem dijelu svijeta,
15:32
that top is still
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taj vrh još uvijek
15:34
controlled by men.
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drže muškarci.
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
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Da parafraziram Marxa: Žene prave promjenu,
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
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ali ne u okolnostima koje su same izabrale.
15:42
They have to negotiate.
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Moraju pregovarati.
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
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Moraju rušiti tradiciju koja ih je nekoć ušutkavala
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
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kako bi dale glas novim težnjama.
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
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Trebaju im i saveznici iz njihovih zajednica.
15:53
Allies like the imam,
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Saveznici poput imama,
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
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saveznici poput oca koji sada piše pjesme
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
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za lezbijsku skupinu iz Hrvatske,
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
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saveznici poput policajca koji je ispoštovao tabu i ustuknuo,
16:03
allies like my father,
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saveznici poput mog oca,
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
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koji nije mogao pomoći sestri, no pomogao je trima kćerima
16:08
pursue their dreams.
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da slijede snove.
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
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Možda je tako jer feminizam,
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
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za razliku od gotovo svih drugih društvenih pokreta,
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
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nije borba protiv određenog tiranina --
16:17
it's not the ruling class
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ne bori se protiv vladajućih,
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
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niti okupatora ili kolonizatora --
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
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to je borba protiv duboko ukorijenjenih uvjerenja i pretpostavki
16:25
that we women, far too often,
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u koje mi, žene, prečesto,
16:28
hold ourselves.
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i same vjerujemo.
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
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Možda je konačni dar feminizma taj
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
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da je ono osobno u stvari političko.
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
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Tako da, kako je Eleanor Roosevelt jednom rekla za ljudska prava,
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
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isto vrijedi i za jednakost spolova:
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
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počinje na malim mjestima, blizu doma.
16:44
On the streets, yes,
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Na ulicama, istina,
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
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ali i u raspravama za kuhinjskim stolom
16:49
and in the marital bed
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i u bračnoj postelji,
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
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i u vezama između ljubavnika i roditelja,
16:53
and sisters and friends.
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i sestara i prijatelja.
16:57
And then
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Zatim
16:59
you realize that by integrating
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shvatite da integrirajući
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
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aspekte tradicije i zajednice
17:03
into their struggles,
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u svoje borbe,
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Leymah --
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žene poput Sakene, Lee i Leyme --
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
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ali i žene poput Sonie Gandhi ovdje u Indiji
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
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i Michelle Bachelet u Čileu
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
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i Shirin Ebadi u Iranu --
17:16
are doing something else.
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rade nešo drugo.
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
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One osporavaju samu ideju
17:20
of Western models of development.
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zapadnjačkih modela razvoja.
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
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Govore: ne moramo biti poput vas da bismo
17:26
to make change.
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nešto promijenile.
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
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Možemo nositi sari ili hidžab,
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
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hlače ili boubou,
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
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i možemo biti stranački vođe i predsjednice
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
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i odvjetnice za ljudska prava.
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
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Možemo iskoristiti svoju tradiciju da usmjerimo promjenu.
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
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Možemo demilitarizirati društva,
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
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a resursima puniti
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
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rezervoare istinske sigurnosti.
17:50
It is in these little stories,
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Upravo u ovim malim pričama,
17:53
these individual stories,
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ovim individualnim pričama,
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
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vidim radikalni ep koji pišu
17:57
by women around the world.
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žene diljem svijeta.
17:59
It is in these threads
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Upravo u ovim nitima
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
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koje se šiju u tkaninu otpora
18:03
that will sustain communities,
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koja će poduprijeti zajednice,
18:06
that I find hope.
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nalazim nadu.
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
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I ako moje srce pjeva,
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
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to je zato što u ovim komadićima,
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
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svako malo uhvatimo dašak
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
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novog, potpuno novog svijeta.
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
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Ona je definitovno dolazi.
18:21
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:23
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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