Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition

82,832 views ใƒป 2010-04-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shahar Kaiser ืžื‘ืงืจ: Yubal Masalker
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
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ืกืœืื. ื ืžืกืงืืจ. (ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื™)
00:18
Good morning.
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ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
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ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื‘-TED, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
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ืฉืื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื›ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
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ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
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ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืชืคืกื• ืืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
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ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืืœื”
00:30
how to invest in women,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื ืฉื™ื,
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ืžืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœืŸ.
00:35
Not me.
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ืœื ืื ื™.
00:37
I am interested in how women
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉื™ื
00:39
are saving us.
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ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
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ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื›ื ื’ื“, ื•ืžืขืžืขื
00:47
accepted polarities,
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ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช,
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
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ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
00:55
First World and Third World,
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ืขื•ืœื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
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ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
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ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืชื™ืขื™ื ืฉืžื•ืœื
01:02
we face as a global community,
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช,
01:04
there's something about
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ
01:06
this third way raga
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ื”ืจืื’ื” (ืžืกื ืกืงืจื™ื˜: ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช),
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืœื™ื‘ื™ ืœืฉื™ืจ.
01:10
What intrigues me most
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
01:12
is how women are doing this,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
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ืขืœ-ืืฃ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืจืชืงื•ืช.
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื“,
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
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ืžื“ื•ื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
01:25
and yet at the same time,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช,
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
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ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช?
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
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ื”ืื ื”ื—ื™ื’'ืื‘ ืื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ
01:32
a symbol of submission
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ื”ื ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืขื”
01:34
or resistance?
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ืื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช?
01:36
When so many women and girls
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
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ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื ืื ืกื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืžื™ื,
01:41
on a daily basis
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ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื,
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื“ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
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ื”ื“ืจืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื“ืช, ืœืื•ื,
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
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ืžื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ืฉืชื™ืœื™ื,
01:50
to rebuild societies,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
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ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช, ืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
01:54
for social change?
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™?
01:56
Is it different women
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ื”ืื ืืœื• ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
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ืืœื• ื”ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื™ื™ื?
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืื—ืช ื”ืŸ?
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ืืฉืžื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืฆ'ื™ืžืžื ื“ื” ืื“ื™ืฆ'ื™ื”
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
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ื‘ื›ื ืก TED ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
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ื‘ื”ื ื—ืชื ื• ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
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ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ,
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
02:15
And what, if anything,
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ื•ืžื”, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
02:17
do men have to do with it?
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ?
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
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ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
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ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•.
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
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ื”ืžืกืข ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจืชืงื™ื.
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืืกืคืชื™ ืœื™ ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
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ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื”.
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™
02:36
to a third way
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ืืœ ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช ืื“ื•ืงื” ืžืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืจื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”,
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืฉื‘ืจื” ื˜ืื‘ื• ืžืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”.
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื”,
02:49
as I am to my parents,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื™,
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
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ืฉื‘ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื,
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ืจื›ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื–ื”.
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™,
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื’ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื™ื ื•.
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
03:05
and I learned from an early age
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ื“ื™ื
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื›ื•ืคืคื™ื, ืœื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื™ื ื•
03:12
and then say to my parents
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ื•ืื– ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื™
03:14
with no problem at all,
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื”,
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
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"ืžืกื›ื ื™ื, ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืช.
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืขื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ".
03:22
My sense of outrage
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™
03:24
about women's rights
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ื“ื™ ืจืชื™ื—ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืช 11.
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
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ื“ื•ื“ืชื™ - ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื”
03:32
and brilliant woman,
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ืจื”ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”,
03:34
was widowed early.
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ื”ืชืืœืžื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ.
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
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ืœื”ืง ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื”.
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
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ื”ื ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกืืจื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”.
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
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ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืŸ.
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
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ื”ื ื ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืืช ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ (ืžืกื ืกืงืจื™ื˜: ื˜ื™ืคื”) ืžืžืฆื—ื”.
03:48
They broke her bangles.
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ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืฆืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”.
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
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ื‘ืชื”, ืจืื ื™,
03:52
a few years older than me,
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ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžื ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
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ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืงื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืฆื•ืช,
03:56
not knowing what had happened
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ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื” ืงืจื”
03:58
to the confident woman
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ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžืœืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
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ืฉืคืขื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ื›ืื™ืžื”.
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืื™ืžื™
04:04
begging my father,
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ืžืชื—ื ื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื‘ื™,
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
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"ืื ื, ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืืžื•. ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘?"
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
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ื•ืื‘ื™, ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš, ืžืžืœืžืœ,
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
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"ืื ื™ ืจืง ื”ืื— ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
04:16
This is tradition."
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช".
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
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ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื”,
04:26
but they define us, and they define
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ืืš ื”ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
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ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
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ื•ืืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื”.
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
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ืื‘ื™, ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
04:37
could not save his own sister
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื•
04:39
from this suffering.
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ืžื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
04:45
By 18,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”,
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
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ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื” ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื™,
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช,
04:51
defiantly feminist.
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ืœืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืจื™ืกื”.
04:53
On the streets chanting,
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ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืงื•ืจืืช,
04:55
"[Hindi]
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[ื”ื™ื ื“ื™]
04:57
[Hindi]
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[ื”ื™ื ื“ื™]
04:59
We are the women of India.
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"ืื ื• ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ื•.
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืื ื• ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™".
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995,
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
05:09
to achieve gender equality
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ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™
05:11
was to overturn centuries
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
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ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื›ืื ื™ื•ืช.
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
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ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ,
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
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ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ ื–ื”,
05:20
founded by women,
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ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื,
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
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ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ.
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
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ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
05:29
I met a woman
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืฉื”
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
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ืืฉืจ ืื™ืœืฆื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™.
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
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ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ืกืืงื ื” ื™ืืงื•ื‘ื™.
05:38
She walked into my office
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ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ื™
05:40
at a time when no one knew
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื“ืข
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™, "ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจืงื” (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™)".
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ืฉืžืขืชื™.
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
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ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžื—ืชืจืชื™ื™ื
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
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ื•ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” - "ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืืคื’ื ื™ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”",
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
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ืคืชื— ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข
06:09
is that the Koran requires
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
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ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘.
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•".
06:19
Had I heard right?
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ื”ืื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
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ื”ืื ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื
06:23
invoking religion?
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ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื“ืชื™ืช?
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
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ืืš ืกืืงื ื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžืขืœื™ื” ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
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ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืจืืฉ.
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
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ืืš ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืืจื•ืš ืžืชื‘ื“ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื—.
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”,
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ืจื•ื•ืงื”, ื—ืจื™ืคื”,
06:41
financially independent woman
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ืื™ืฉื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉืื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 12.
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
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"ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”" ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช,
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
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"ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื•ืขื–ืจืชื
06:58
are critical for this work.
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ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
07:03
I went to see the imam.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื™ืžืื (ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื“ืชื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™).
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•, "ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
07:08
in these terrible conditions
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื›ื” ืงืฉื™ื
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
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ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“".
07:13
She smiles slyly.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™.
07:15
"He was flattered.
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"ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื—ืžื.
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœื™
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกื’ื“.
07:22
And after he would leave,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื–ื‘
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
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ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื•.
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘
07:28
to read the Koran,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืืŸ,
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืชืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ืชืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืื– ื›ื™ืชืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
07:36
was in our classes."
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•".
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
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ืกืืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื”
07:41
at a time when to educate women
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืœื—ื ืš ื ืฉื™ื
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืืœื™ื‘ืŸ.
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื”.
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื”.
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
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"ืงื•ื™ืชื”-ื’'ืืŸ, ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืœืคื—ื“.
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
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ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืžื•ืฉืœื›ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ืŸ".
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ืช ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™,
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื,
08:09
turning them into instruments
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
08:14
Their path is their own
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืคื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
08:19
that will be different.
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
08:21
Being different is something the women
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
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ืœื”ืงืช "ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ" ืžื–ื’ืจื‘, ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”
08:25
know all too well.
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ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ืช, ื“ื™ื™ืง,
08:29
a homosexual
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ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœ
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื’ื ื›ืืŸ
08:33
in our country, India,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื”ื•ื“ื•,
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
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ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืื›ืœืก ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื ื—ืช
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
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ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”,
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื“ืชื™ืช
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
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ื™ืฆืจื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœืช,
08:47
for anyone who might
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
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ืฉื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
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ื•ืœื—ืœืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆื”ืจ,
08:53
young women who love the old music
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
08:56
that once spread across that region
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
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ืžืžืงื“ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”,
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
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ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื” ื•ืขื“ ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”.
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
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ื–ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื ื”ืœืœื•, ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื’ื“ืจ.
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ. ื—ืœืงืŸ ืืžื”ื•ืช.
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื ืื‘ืงื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
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ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช,
09:17
just queer.
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ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื—ืจื•ืช (ื’ื=ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื•ืช).
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœืื”, ืื—ืช ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœื”ืงื”,
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืžืื“ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื’ื ืจื•ืงื ืจื•ืœ.
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ - ืื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช,
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœื ืฉืœื”ื,
09:34
especially traditional songs
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
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ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื”.
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
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ืžืงืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื‘ื“ื•.
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
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ืืš ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:43
and we should not forget them."
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ื•ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืื•ืชื".
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืื•ืชื” ืžืงื”ืœืช ืœื”ื˜"ื‘ื™ื
09:48
has demonstrated how women
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ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืฉื™ื
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
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ืžืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื• ืืœื›ื™ืžืื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืžื” ืœื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”.
09:56
Their repertoire includes
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ื”ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
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ืืช ื”ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™,
10:00
a Bosnian love song
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ืฉื™ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ืกื ื™
10:02
and Serbian duets.
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ื•ื“ื•ืื˜ื™ื ืกืจื‘ื™ื™ื.
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
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ื•ืœืื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืš ื“ืง,
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
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"ืงื•ื™ืชื”, ืื ื• ื’ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ื’-ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื
10:12
even though Catholic Church
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ืขืœ-ืืฃ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช
10:14
hates us LGBT."
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ืฉื•ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ืœื”ื˜"ื‘ื™ื".
10:16
Their concerts draw from
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ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
10:18
their own communities, yes,
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ืŸ,
10:20
but also from an older generation:
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ืืš ื’ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:22
a generation that might be
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ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
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ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื•ืช,
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
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ืืš ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืขื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช.
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
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ืื‘ ืื—ื“, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืจืชืข ืžื‘ืชื•
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
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ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื” ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื”ืœื”,
10:34
now writes songs for them.
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ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื™ื
10:38
would travel across the land
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ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
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ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื”ื.
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
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ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืœืงืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื”ื,
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
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ืฉืจื•ืช, ืžืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืคื•ืœื’ื™ื
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
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ื‘ื“ืชื, ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืฉืคืชื,
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
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ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื, ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืจื‘ื™ื
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื,
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
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ื•ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
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ืฉืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืชื•ืคืกืช ื›ืฉืœื”
11:01
really belong to them all.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
11:03
(Singing)
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(ืฉื™ืจื”)
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
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ืืชืžื•ืœ, ืžืืœื™ืงื” ืกืืจื‘ืื™ ื”ืจืืชื” ืœื ื•
11:25
that music can create a world
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ื›ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื
11:27
more accepting of difference
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
11:29
than the one we have been given.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
11:32
The world Leymah Gbowee was given
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื•ืื™
11:34
was a world at war.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
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ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื” ื ืงืจืขื” ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
11:40
Leymah was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
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ืœื™ื™ืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช; ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
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ืืš ืงื•ื ื ื” ื‘ื” ื“ืื’ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื˜ืฃ
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
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ื•ื™ื’ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“-ื—ื™ื™ืœ.
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชื” ืชื™ืื ืก.
11:51
she worried for their lives.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
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ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืžื” ื—ืœื•ื.
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช,
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
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ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื.
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
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ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืืกื• ื‘ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื•
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
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ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื ื ื•ื— ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื.
12:11
Among Leymah's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื™ืžื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื˜ืจืช ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช.
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืชืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”.
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
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ื‘ื“ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ื-ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ื“
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืงื” ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื.
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
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"ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”?" ืืžืจื•, "ื”ืงืœื™ืข ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื™".
12:29
This small group of women,
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ืื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
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ื’ืžืจื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”.
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชืŸ.
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
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ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ,
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
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ืืš ืœื ื”ืคืขื. ืœื”ืคื’ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉื•
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืœืœื ืื™ืคื•ืจ.
12:44
As Leymah said, "We wore the white
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื” ืœื™ื™ืžื”, "ืœื‘ืฉื ื• ืœื‘ืŸ
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืื ื• ืคื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื".
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
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ื”ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื”
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ (ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช).
12:52
They stood for weeks --
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ื”ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
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ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืจืง ืขืฉืจ, ื•ืื– ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืื– ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื– ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืŸ, ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืงื“ื•ืช,
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
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ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื.
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
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ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ืื ื”.
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.
13:12
Leymah and her sisters had had enough.
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ืœืœื™ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ.
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
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ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืžืื‘ืงืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืœืงื—ื•
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื,
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ืชืจื• ืืช ืžื‘ื ื”.
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
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ื•ื‘ืงื˜ืข ืžืฆื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื˜ืข ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื”-CNN,
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•.
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
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ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื–ืืช ืžื”ื•ื“ื•. ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื™ ื’ื”ืจืื•ื• (ื”ื™ื ื“ื™).
13:29
Then things get tense.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชืœื”ื˜ื•.
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืœืง ืžืฉื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืขื ืืœื”,
13:37
Leymah stands up with deliberation,
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ืœื™ื™ืžื” ื ืขืžื“ืช ืžื•ืœื•,
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
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ืžื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืจืืฉื”,
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
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ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื”.
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ.
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื ื‘ื•ืš. ื”ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’.
13:52
And the next thing you know,
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ื•ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
13:54
the police have disappeared.
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื ืขืœืžื”.
13:56
Leymah said to me later,
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ืœื™ื™ืžื” ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
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"ื–ื” ื˜ืื‘ื•, ืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
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ืื ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจ
14:04
because she wants to,
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืจืฆื•ื ื”,
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
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ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืœืœืช".
14:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, "ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš,
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
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ืืš ืžืžืขืฉื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ืกืชืœืง.
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
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ืœื ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœื•ื".
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
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ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื ื—ืชื.
14:22
And the women of Liberia
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ื•ื ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืžื ืฃ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืœืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ-ืกื™ืจืœื™ืฃ,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
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ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื›ืจืืฉ-ืžื“ื™ื ื”-ืื™ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
14:31
in Africa in years.
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื.
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™,
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
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ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ --
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ - ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื --
14:45
no less.
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ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
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ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืืงื ื” ื•ืœืื”
14:49
and Leymah
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืžื”
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
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ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
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ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœ ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื–ื™ื–ื”
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
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ื•ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื.
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืœื”ื˜ ืฆื“ืงื ื™
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืฉืกื™ืคืงื• ืœื™ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
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ืคืขื™ืœื” ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืคืขื,
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
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"ืื™ืš ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืจื–?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ื•ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”".
15:14
The protests, the marches,
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ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื, ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช,
15:16
the uncompromising position that
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ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจืช
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
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ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื - ืกื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืง.
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœื”ื˜ ืžืœืžื˜ื”.
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืœืงื•ืœื ืืงืก ื•ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืกืคืจื’'ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช
15:26
and gay pride parades.
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ื•ืžืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”.
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
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ืืš ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ื•ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
15:32
that top is still
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
15:34
controlled by men.
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ื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
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ืื– ืื ืืขืฉื” ืคืจืืคืจื–ื” ืœืžืืจืงืก: ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
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ืืš ืœื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื•ืช.
15:42
They have to negotiate.
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ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช.
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
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ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ืช ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื• ืื•ืชืŸ
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
15:53
Allies like the imam,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ืžืื,
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
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ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ ืฉื›ืขืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”,
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื“ ื˜ืื‘ื• ื•ื ืกื•ื’,
16:03
allies like my father,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื™,
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืชื•, ืืš ืขื–ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•
16:08
pursue their dreams.
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ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื,
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื—ืจืช,
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื•ืœ ืžื“ื›ื ื ืคืจื“.
16:17
it's not the ruling class
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
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ืื• ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื,
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืื‘ืง ืžื•ืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง
16:25
that we women, far too often,
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ืฉืื ื• ื›ื ืฉื™ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™,
16:28
hold ourselves.
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
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ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื,
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
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ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื” ืคืขื ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™,
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช.
16:44
On the streets, yes,
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ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ,
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
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ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ
16:49
and in the marital bed
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
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ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื
16:53
and sisters and friends.
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ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
16:57
And then
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื–
16:59
you realize that by integrating
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
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ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื”
17:03
into their struggles,
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืžืื‘ืงืŸ,
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Leymah --
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ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืืงื ื” ื•ืœืื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืžื”,
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
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ืืš ื’ื ืกื•ื ื™ื” ื’ืื ื“ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
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ื•ืžื™ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆ'ืœื˜ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
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ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืื“ื™ ื‘ืื™ืจืŸ
17:16
are doing something else.
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ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
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ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืขืฆื ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”
17:20
of Western models of development.
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ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
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ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื›ื
17:26
to make change.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืกืืจื™ ืื• ื—ื™ื’'ืื‘
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
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ืื• ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื•ื‘ื• (ื‘ื’ื“ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™),
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืคืœื’ื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
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ื•ืขื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกืก ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืื’ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
17:50
It is in these little stories,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
17:53
these individual stories,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืคื•ืก ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘
17:57
by women around the world.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
17:59
It is in these threads
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืชื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
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ืฉื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื’ ื—ื–ืง
18:03
that will sustain communities,
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื•ื™ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
18:06
that I find hope.
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ืฉื ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
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ื•ืื ืื›ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืจ,
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
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ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
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ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
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ื‘ืฉืœื, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื”.
18:21
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
18:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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