This virtual lab will revolutionize science class | Michael Bodekaer

翻译人员: Hancheng Li 校对人员: Huazhe Xie

Today, I am going to show you

今天，我要给大家展示

how this tablet and this virtual-reality headset that I'm wearing

这台平板电脑和 我戴的这个虚拟现实头盔

are going to completely revolutionize science education.

将如何彻底改革科学教育。

And I'm also going to show you

我还会给大家展示

how it can make any science teacher more than twice as effective.

它如何让所有科学教师的 教学效率翻倍。

But before I show you how all of this is possible,

但是在我向大家展示这些之前，

let's talk briefly about why improving the quality of science education

我们先来简要谈一谈为什么 提高科学教育质量

is so vitally important.

是如此的重要。

If you think about it,

你仔细想一想，

the world is growing incredibly fast.

当今世界发展速度快得惊人。

And with that growth comes a whole list of growing challenges,

但伴随着发展， 一系列的挑战也层出不穷

challenges such as dealing with global warming,

这些挑战包括应对全球变暖，

solving starvation and water shortages

解决温饱和水资源短缺问题，

and curing diseases,

还要治疗疾病，

to name just a few.

这些只是几个例子。

And who, exactly, is going to help us solve all of these great challenges?

那么，究竟谁能帮助我们 应对这些巨大的挑战呢？

Well, to a very last degree, it is these young students.

其实很大程度上， 这些人会是年轻的学生们。

This is the next generation of young, bright scientists.

这些人是下一代年轻聪慧的科学家。

And in many ways, we all rely on them

在很多方面，我们都得靠他们

for coming up with new, great innovations

提出崭新的、伟大的创新观点，

to help us solve all these challenges ahead of us.

来帮助我们解决人类面临的种种挑战。

And so a couple of years back,

就在几年之前，

my cofounder and I were teaching university students just like these,

我和我的合伙人 正是这样教导着大学生们，

only the students we were teaching looked a little bit more like this here.

只是我们所教的这些学生 看上去更像是这样。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And yes, this is really the reality out there

是的，这真的是目前的现状，

in way too many universities around the world:

在世界上太多的大学都是如此：

students that are bored, disengaged

学生们很无聊，很散漫，

and sometimes not even sure why they're learning about a topic

有时甚至不确定最初 为什么要去学某项东西。

in the first place.

So we started looking around for new, innovative teaching methods,

所以我们开始探索 新的创新性教学方式，

but what we found was quite disappointing.

但是得到的结果却很令人失望。

We saw that books were being turned into e-books,

只见纸质书慢慢转变为电子书，

blackboards were being turned into YouTube videos

黑板渐渐被YouTube视频替代，

and lecture hall monologues were being turned into MOOCs --

讲堂里的讲座变成了慕课——

massive online open courses.

大规模的网络公开课。

And if you think about it,

如果你仔细想一想，

all we're really doing here is taking the same content

我们所做的一切就是把 相同的内容，

and the same format,

还有相同的格式，

and bringing it out to more students --

传递给更多的学生——

which is great, don't get me wrong, that is really great --

其实这挺好的，别误会， 我觉得这非常好——

but the teaching method is still more or less the same,

但是教学方式或多或少都是相同的，

no real innovation there.

这一点没有真正的创新。

So we started looking elsewhere.

所以我们开始探索新思路。

What we found was that flight simulators had been proven over and over again

我们发现的是， 当与真正的飞行训练相结合时，

to be far more effective

when used in combination with real, in-flight training to train the pilots.

飞行模拟器在训练飞行员方面 一直以来都非常有效。

And so we thought to ourselves:

于是我们就思考：

Why not just apply that to science?

何不将其应用到科学领域呢？

Why not build a virtual laboratory simulator?

为什么不建一台 虚拟的实验室模拟器呢？

Well, we did it.

我们就这么做了。

We basically set out to create

我们开始创造

a fully simulated, one-to-one, virtual reality laboratory simulator,

一个完全模拟的，一对一的 虚拟现实的实验室模拟器，

where the students could perform experiments

在这里学生们可以做实验，

with mathematical equations

让数学公式来模拟 现实实验室中会发生的事情。

that would simulate what would happen in a real-world lab.

But not just simple simulations --

但是又不只是简单的模拟，

we would also create advanced simulations

我们也可以与 麻省理工这样的顶尖大学合作

with top universities like MIT,

创造更高级的模拟效果，

to bring out cutting-edge cancer research to these students.

把顶尖的癌症治疗成果分享给学生。

And suddenly, the universities could save millions of dollars

这样，大学就可以一下子省下上百万美金，

by letting the students perform virtual experiments

只需让学生们在进真正实验室之前

before they go into the real laboratory.

先做一遍虚拟的实验。

And not only that; now, they could also understand --

不仅如此； 现在他们同样可以搞懂

even on a molecular level inside the machine --

机器内部正在发生着什么，

what is happening to the machines.

即使小至分子水平。

And then they could suddenly perform

他们也可以一下子

dangerous experiments in the labs as well.

就能在实验室里做更危险的实验了。

For instance also here,

比如说这里，

learning about salmonella bacteria, which is an important topic

我们可以教授一个重要内容： 沙门氏菌，

that many schools cannot teach for good safety reasons.

目前很多学校基于安全考虑是 不开设这门课程的。

And we, of course, quiz the students

我们当然也可以给学生小测，

and then give the teachers a full dashboard,

然后给老师们一个完整的反馈，

so they fully understand where the students are at.

这样他们可以清晰地了解 学生们学得如何。

But we didn't stop there,

但是我们没有就此停止，

because we had seen just how important meaning is

因为我们才刚看到 学生在课程中的投入度

for the students' engagement in the class.

有多么深远的意义。

So we brought in game designers

于是我们找来游戏设计师，

to create fun and engaging stories.

写一些有趣、有吸引力的故事。

For instance, here in this case,

比如在这个例子中，

where the students have to solve a mysterious CSI murder case

学生们需要运用核心科学知识

using their core science skills.

解决神秘的犯罪现场谋杀案。

And the feedback we got when we launched all of this

我们在发布这些之后 所得到的反馈，

was quite overwhelmingly positive.

简直是铺天盖地的好评。

Here we have 300 students,

这里的300名学生，

all passionately solving CSI murder cases

都无比投入地解决谋杀案件，

while learning core science skills.

与此同时还学习了核心科学技能。

And what I love the most about this

我对此最爱的一点

is really when the students come up to me sometimes afterwards,

就是有时候学生们 在玩过这些之后找到我，

all surprised and a little confused,

很惊讶、很疑惑地看着我说：

and say, "I just spent two hours in this virtual lab,

“我刚刚在虚拟实验室里 待了两个钟头，

and ... and I didn't check Facebook."

而且……我一直都没刷Facebook。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

That's how engaging and immersive this really is for the students.

对于学生来说， 它就是如此迷人、令人沉浸其中。

And so, to investigate whether this really worked,

于是为了探究这是否有实效，

a learning psychologist did a study with 160 students --

一个教育心理学家 对160名学生做了研究——

that was from Stanford University and Technical University of Denmark.

这些学生们来自斯坦福大学 和丹麦技术大学。

And what they did is split the students into two groups.

他们所做的是， 把学生们分成两个小组。

One group would only use the virtual laboratory simulations,

一个小组只使用 虚拟的模拟实验室，

the other group would only use traditional teaching methods,

另外一组只使用 传统的教学方式，

and they had the same amount of time.

然后给他们相同的时间。

Then, interestingly,

十分有趣的是，

they gave the students a test before and after the experiment,

他们在实验之前和之后 都对学生进行测试，

so they could clearly measure the learning impact of the students.

这样他们就可以量化 教学过程对学生的影响。

And what they found

他们发现，

was a surprisingly high 76 percent increase in the learning effectiveness

虚拟实验室方法相比传统教学方法，

when using virtual laboratories over traditional teaching methods.

教学有效性提高了惊人的76%！

But even more interestingly,

但是更有趣的是，

the second part of this study investigated

这个研究的第二部分调查了

what the teacher's impact was on the learning.

教师对教学过程的影响。

And what they found

他们发现，

was that when you combined the virtual laboratories

当你把虚拟实验室方法

with teacher-led coaching and mentoring,

与教师的教学辅导相结合，

then we saw a total 101 percent increase in the learning effectiveness,

我们可以看到101%的 教学有效性增长，

which effectively doubles the science teacher's impact

这从效率上相当于 在相同的一段时间里

with the same amount of time spent.

把科学教师的影响翻了一番。

So a couple of months back,

几个月前，

we started asking ourselves --

我们开始问自己——

we have a wonderful team now of learning psychologists

我们有一个超棒的团队， 有教育心理学家，

and teachers and scientists and game developers --

有教师和科学家， 还有游戏设计师——

and we started asking ourselves:

我们就在扪心自问：

How can we keep ourselves to our promise

我们怎么才能信守承诺，

of constantly reimagining education?

不断地重构教育方式？

And today, I am really excited to be presenting what we came up with

而今天，能向大家展示我们的研究成果， 我感到非常兴奋，

and have been working incredibly hard to create.

这是我们花了很大的努力创造出来的。

I will explain briefly what this is.

我简单介绍一下这个是什么。

Basically, I take my mobile phone --

基本上，我只用我的手机——

most students already have these, smartphones --

大多数学生都有这种智能手机，

and I plug it into this virtual-reality headset, a low-cost headset.

然后把它接到这个 低成本的虚拟现实头盔上。

And now what I can effectively do is,

那么现在我完全可以做到的就是，

I can literally step into this virtual world.

我可以直接走进这个虚拟世界里。

We'll have some of you in the audience also get to try this,

我们等下会让一些观众来尝试，

because it is really something that you have to try

因为这个东西你们必须得尝试过，

to fully feel how immersive it really is.

才能体会到沉浸式体验的强大。

It literally feels like I just stepped inside this virtual lab.

这感觉上就好像 我直接踏进了这个虚拟实验室！

Do you see me up on the screen?

你们在屏幕上看到我了吗？

Audience: Yes.

观众：看到了。

Michael Bodekaer: Great! Awesome.

Michael Bodekaer: 好的！棒极了！

So basically, I have just turned my mobile phone

那么，我刚刚把我的手机变成了

into a fully simulated, million-dollar Ivy League laboratory

一个全模拟的， 百万美元级的常青藤大学实验室，

with all this amazing equipment that I can interact with.

里面满是我可以操作的神奇仪器。

I can, for instance, pick up the pipette and do experiments with it.

比如说，我可以用移液管来做实验，

I have my E-Ggel, my PCR and -- oh, look there,

还有有电泳仪、 PCR仪······哦，看那边，

I have my next-generation sequencing machine,

那是下一代的基因测序仪，

and there I even have my electron microscope.

这里还有一台电子显微镜。

I mean, who's carrying around an electron microscope in their pocket?

我在想，谁会在裤子口袋里 放一台电子显微镜呢？

And here I have my machine,

这里有一台电脑，

I can do different experiments on the machine.

我可以在电脑上做各种实验。

And over here I have the door,

这里还有扇门，

I can go into other experiments,

我可以到其它的实验室，

I can perform in the laboratories.

去做其它的实验。

And here, I have my learning tablet.

在这里我有一台学习电脑。

This is an intelligent tablet

这是一台智能的平板电脑，

that allows me to read about relevant theory.

可以让我阅读相关的理论知识。

As you can see, I can interact with it.

你们可以看到，我可以与之互动。

I can watch videos and see content that is relevant

我可以看视频，学习一些

to the experiment that I'm performing right now.

跟我正在做的实验 密切相关的东西。

Then over here, I have Marie.

然后来到这儿，这位是玛丽。

She is my teacher -- my lab assistant --

她是我的老师， 也是我在实验室的助手——

and what she does is guides me through this whole laboratory.

她所做的就是引导我 使用整个实验室的仪器。

And very soon,

很快地，

the teachers will be able to literally teleport themselves

老师们就真正可以传送到

into this virtual world that I'm in right now

我所在的这个虚拟世界里，

and help me, guide me, through this whole experiment.

然后帮助我，引导我 完成整个实验。

And now before I finalize this,

现在，在我结束之前，

I want to show you an even cooler thing, I think --

我想给你们看一个更酷炫的东西，

something you cannot even do in real laboratories.

在真实实验室里根本做不到的事。

This is a PCR machine.

这是一台PCR仪。

I'm now going to start this experiment.

我要开始做实验了。

And what I just did is literally shrunk myself a million times

我刚刚做的就是 把自己缩小了一百万倍，

into the size of a molecule --

变成分子的大小——

and it really feels like it, you have to try this.

感觉就像是这样，你们必须得试试！

So now it feels like I'm standing inside the machine

现在感觉像是我站在机器里，

and I'm seeing all the DNA, and I see the molecules.

我看到这里所有的DNA，还有分子，

I see the polymerase and the enzymes and so forth.

我看到聚合酶还有生化酶等等。

And I can see how in this case,

在这种情况下，

DNA is being replicated millions of times,

我看到DNA是 如何被复制上百万次的，

just like it's happening inside your body right now.

就像现在你的身体里正在进行的那样。

And I can really feel and understand how all of this works.

我真的可以感受、理解这些原理了。

Now, I hope that gives you a little bit of a sense

我希望这些能够给你们一点概念，

of the possibilities in these new teaching methods.

就是这种全新教学方式的可能性。

And I want to also emphasize

此外我还想强调一下，

that everything you just saw also works on iPads and laptops

刚刚你们看到的一切 也可以在iPad和笔记本电脑上实现，

without the headsets.

而完全不需要这个头盔。

I say that for a very important reason.

我讲这个是有很重要原因的。

In order for us to really empower and inspire

为了让我们真正地

激发、启迪下一代的科学家，

the next generation of scientists,

we really need teachers to drive the adoption

我们迫切需要教师们推动

of new technologies in the classroom.

这些课堂新科技的推广。

And so in many ways,

从很多角度来看，

I believe that the next big, quantum leap in science education

我相信科学教育的 下一个伟大的、质的飞跃，

lies no longer with the technology,

已不在于科技发展本身，

but rather with the teachers' decision

而在于教师们的作为，

to push forward and adopt these technologies

将这些新科技推广及采用，

inside the classrooms.

带到课堂上去。

And so it is our hope that more universities and schools and teachers

我们的期望是让更多的 大学、学校和老师，

will collaborate with technology companies

都与科技公司合作，

to realize this full potential.

来实现它全部的潜能。

And so,

讲到这里，

lastly, I'd like to leave you with a little story

最后，我想告诉大家一个

that really inspires me.

特别鼓舞我的小故事。

And that is the story of Jack Andraka.

是关于杰克·安德拉卡的故事。

Some of you might already know him.

你们有些人可能知道他。

Jack invented a new, groundbreaking low-cost test for pancreatic cancer

杰克研究出了一种全新的、突破性的、 低成本的胰腺癌检测法，

at the age 15.

那时他只有15岁。

And when Jack shares his story of how he did this huge breakthrough,

当杰克分享自己 做出这个伟大突破的经历时，

he also explains that one thing almost prevented him

他也讲述了一件

几乎阻止了他取得这项突破的事。

from making this breakthrough.

And that was that he did not have access to real laboratories,

那就是他没办法进入 真正的实验室里，

because he was too inexperienced

因为他经验非常不足，

to be allowed in.

不被允许进入。

Now, imagine if we could bring

那么想象一下，如果我们能把

Ivy League, million-dollar virtual laboratories

常青藤名校，百万美元级的虚拟实验室

out to all these students just like Jack,

带给像杰克一样的所有学生，

all over the world,

在全世界范围推广，

and give them the latest, greatest, most fancy machines you can imagine

把你能想象到的 最新、最棒、最花哨的仪器都给他们，

that would quite literally make any scientist in here

那就真的会让这里的所有科学家

jump up and down out of pure excitement.

都兴奋得活蹦乱跳了。

And then imagine how that would empower and inspire

再想象一下， 这样定会激励和启迪

a whole new generation of young and bright scientists,

全新一代的年轻聪慧的科学家，

ready to innovate and change the world.

准备好做出创新，改变世界。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）