This virtual lab will revolutionize science class | Michael Bodekaer

201,546 views ใƒป 2016-06-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Nahn Ju Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Today, I am going to show you
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
00:14
how this tablet and this virtual-reality headset that I'm wearing
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์ด ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ํ—ค๋“œ์…‹์ด
00:19
are going to completely revolutionize science education.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์„์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
And I'm also going to show you
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ
00:25
how it can make any science teacher more than twice as effective.
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๊ณผํ•™๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:31
But before I show you how all of this is possible,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:34
let's talk briefly about why improving the quality of science education
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๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€
00:40
is so vitally important.
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์ž ์‹œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:43
If you think about it,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:44
the world is growing incredibly fast.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
00:47
And with that growth comes a whole list of growing challenges,
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๊ทธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ฃ .
00:51
challenges such as dealing with global warming,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ผ๋“ ์ง€
00:54
solving starvation and water shortages
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๊ธฐ์•„์™€ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ
00:56
and curing diseases,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ
00:58
to name just a few.
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์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And who, exactly, is going to help us solve all of these great challenges?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋„๋ก ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋„์™€์ค„๊นŒ์š”?
01:06
Well, to a very last degree, it is these young students.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์ด ์ Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
This is the next generation of young, bright scientists.
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์ Š๊ณ  ์ด๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:14
And in many ways, we all rely on them
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:17
for coming up with new, great innovations
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์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚œ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• 
01:19
to help us solve all these challenges ahead of us.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And so a couple of years back,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—
01:26
my cofounder and I were teaching university students just like these,
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๊ณต๋™์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
only the students we were teaching looked a little bit more like this here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:37
And yes, this is really the reality out there
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
in way too many universities around the world:
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01:43
students that are bored, disengaged
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ ํ’€๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค
01:46
and sometimes not even sure why they're learning about a topic
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์• ์ดˆ์— ์™œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:50
in the first place.
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01:51
So we started looking around for new, innovative teaching methods,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
but what we found was quite disappointing.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
We saw that books were being turned into e-books,
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์ฑ…์€ ์ „์ž์ฑ…์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
02:03
blackboards were being turned into YouTube videos
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์น ํŒ์€ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ 
02:06
and lecture hall monologues were being turned into MOOCs --
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๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์˜ ๋…๋ฐฑ์€ MOOC๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:09
massive online open courses.
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๋Œ€ํ˜• ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์š”.
02:12
And if you think about it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
02:13
all we're really doing here is taking the same content
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:17
and the same format,
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02:19
and bringing it out to more students --
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
which is great, don't get me wrong, that is really great --
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
02:25
but the teaching method is still more or less the same,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ณ 
02:29
no real innovation there.
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์ง„์งœ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
So we started looking elsewhere.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
02:33
What we found was that flight simulators had been proven over and over again
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๋น„ํ–‰ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
์‹ค์ œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ข… ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:38
to be far more effective
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02:40
when used in combination with real, in-flight training to train the pilots.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:45
And so we thought to ourselves:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Why not just apply that to science?
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณผํ•™์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
02:49
Why not build a virtual laboratory simulator?
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๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
02:55
Well, we did it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
We basically set out to create
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:58
a fully simulated, one-to-one, virtual reality laboratory simulator,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
where the students could perform experiments
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:06
with mathematical equations
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03:08
that would simulate what would happen in a real-world lab.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
But not just simple simulations --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
we would also create advanced simulations
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03:15
with top universities like MIT,
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MIT ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋ช… ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
03:17
to bring out cutting-edge cancer research to these students.
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์ตœ์‹  ์•” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:22
And suddenly, the universities could save millions of dollars
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
03:25
by letting the students perform virtual experiments
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๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:28
before they go into the real laboratory.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And not only that; now, they could also understand --
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๊ทธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
03:34
even on a molecular level inside the machine --
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€
03:37
what is happening to the machines.
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๋ถ„์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And then they could suddenly perform
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๋˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
03:41
dangerous experiments in the labs as well.
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03:44
For instance also here,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:46
learning about salmonella bacteria, which is an important topic
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
03:49
that many schools cannot teach for good safety reasons.
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์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:54
And we, of course, quiz the students
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:56
and then give the teachers a full dashboard,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์„œ
03:58
so they fully understand where the students are at.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
But we didn't stop there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:03
because we had seen just how important meaning is
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:05
for the students' engagement in the class.
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04:08
So we brought in game designers
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ
04:09
to create fun and engaging stories.
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
For instance, here in this case,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
04:14
where the students have to solve a mysterious CSI murder case
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
04:18
using their core science skills.
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CSI ์‚ด์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And the feedback we got when we launched all of this
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:26
was quite overwhelmingly positive.
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04:28
Here we have 300 students,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 300๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
04:30
all passionately solving CSI murder cases
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ CSI ์‚ด์ธ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ํ’€๋ฉด์„œ
04:32
while learning core science skills.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And what I love the most about this
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€
04:37
is really when the students come up to me sometimes afterwards,
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04:40
all surprised and a little confused,
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๋†€๋ž€ ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
and say, "I just spent two hours in this virtual lab,
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"๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:48
and ... and I didn't check Facebook."
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”."
04:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:51
That's how engaging and immersive this really is for the students.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์‹ค๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:56
And so, to investigate whether this really worked,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:59
a learning psychologist did a study with 160 students --
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ํ•™์Šต ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ 160๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
that was from Stanford University and Technical University of Denmark.
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ์š”.
05:08
And what they did is split the students into two groups.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„
05:11
One group would only use the virtual laboratory simulations,
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ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:16
the other group would only use traditional teaching methods,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„
05:19
and they had the same amount of time.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Then, interestingly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”
05:23
they gave the students a test before and after the experiment,
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ํ›„์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ด์„œ
05:27
so they could clearly measure the learning impact of the students.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:32
And what they found
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
05:33
was a surprisingly high 76 percent increase in the learning effectiveness
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:39
when using virtual laboratories over traditional teaching methods.
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์ „ํ†ต ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•™์Šตํšจ์œจ์ด 76% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
But even more interestingly,
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๊ทธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:45
the second part of this study investigated
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š”
05:49
what the teacher's impact was on the learning.
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ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And what they found
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
05:53
was that when you combined the virtual laboratories
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๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€๋„์™€
05:55
with teacher-led coaching and mentoring,
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ž
05:58
then we saw a total 101 percent increase in the learning effectiveness,
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ํ•™์Šตํšจ์œจ์ด ์ด 101%๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
which effectively doubles the science teacher's impact
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด
06:08
with the same amount of time spent.
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๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:13
So a couple of months back,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์—
06:16
we started asking ourselves --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
we have a wonderful team now of learning psychologists
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•™์Šต์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€
06:20
and teachers and scientists and game developers --
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๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ธ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŒ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:23
and we started asking ourselves:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
How can we keep ourselves to our promise
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๊ต์œก์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:27
of constantly reimagining education?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:30
And today, I am really excited to be presenting what we came up with
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
and have been working incredibly hard to create.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:40
I will explain briefly what this is.
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๋ญ”์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
06:42
Basically, I take my mobile phone --
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
most students already have these, smartphones --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:48
and I plug it into this virtual-reality headset, a low-cost headset.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ํ—ค๋“œ์…‹์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And now what I can effectively do is,
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์ด์ œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ๋ฉด
06:54
I can literally step into this virtual world.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
We'll have some of you in the audience also get to try this,
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๊ฐ์„์—๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ฒดํ—˜์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
because it is really something that you have to try
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€
07:04
to fully feel how immersive it really is.
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ด์•ผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:06
It literally feels like I just stepped inside this virtual lab.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์„  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Do you see me up on the screen?
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ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค.
07:12
Audience: Yes.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:13
Michael Bodekaer: Great! Awesome.
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07:14
So basically, I have just turned my mobile phone
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ
07:17
into a fully simulated, million-dollar Ivy League laboratory
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋น„๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:21
with all this amazing equipment that I can interact with.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
I can, for instance, pick up the pipette and do experiments with it.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”ผํŽซ์„ ์ง‘์–ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:27
I have my E-Ggel, my PCR and -- oh, look there,
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E์ ค๊ณผ PCR ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:30
I have my next-generation sequencing machine,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:32
and there I even have my electron microscope.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
I mean, who's carrying around an electron microscope in their pocket?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:39
And here I have my machine,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค๋กœ
07:41
I can do different experiments on the machine.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
And over here I have the door,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:45
I can go into other experiments,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
I can perform in the laboratories.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:49
And here, I have my learning tablet.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ํ•™์Šต์šฉ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
07:51
This is an intelligent tablet
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์ด๊ฑด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ์ด๋ผ์„œ
07:53
that allows me to read about relevant theory.
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๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
As you can see, I can interact with it.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
07:58
I can watch videos and see content that is relevant
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:02
to the experiment that I'm performing right now.
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:06
Then over here, I have Marie.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
08:07
She is my teacher -- my lab assistant --
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์ œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด์ฃ .
08:11
and what she does is guides me through this whole laboratory.
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์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And very soon,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง
08:15
the teachers will be able to literally teleport themselves
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ
08:18
into this virtual world that I'm in right now
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋™์„ ํ•ด์„œ
08:21
and help me, guide me, through this whole experiment.
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์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  ์ง€๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And now before I finalize this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
08:26
I want to show you an even cooler thing, I think --
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๋” ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:29
something you cannot even do in real laboratories.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:32
This is a PCR machine.
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์ด๊ฑด PCR ์žฅ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
I'm now going to start this experiment.
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:36
And what I just did is literally shrunk myself a million times
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ 100๋งŒ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œํ•ด์„œ
08:40
into the size of a molecule --
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๋ถ„์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
and it really feels like it, you have to try this.
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ ธ์š”. ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:44
So now it feels like I'm standing inside the machine
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์ด์ œ ์ „ ์žฅ๋น„ ์•ˆ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
and I'm seeing all the DNA, and I see the molecules.
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๋ชจ๋“  DNA์™€ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
08:49
I see the polymerase and the enzymes and so forth.
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DNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And I can see how in this case,
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
08:55
DNA is being replicated millions of times,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ DNA๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณต์ œ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:58
just like it's happening inside your body right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:01
And I can really feel and understand how all of this works.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Now, I hope that gives you a little bit of a sense
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์˜
09:09
of the possibilities in these new teaching methods.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
And I want to also emphasize
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๋˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด
09:17
that everything you just saw also works on iPads and laptops
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒŒ ํ—ค๋“œ์…‹ ์—†์ด ์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ์™€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์—์„œ๋„
09:21
without the headsets.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
I say that for a very important reason.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:25
In order for us to really empower and inspire
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๋ฉด
09:28
the next generation of scientists,
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09:31
we really need teachers to drive the adoption
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„
09:34
of new technologies in the classroom.
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๊ต์‹ค์— ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
And so in many ways,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ
09:40
I believe that the next big, quantum leap in science education
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์€
09:44
lies no longer with the technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:47
but rather with the teachers' decision
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
09:49
to push forward and adopt these technologies
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09:52
inside the classrooms.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
And so it is our hope that more universities and schools and teachers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
09:57
will collaborate with technology companies
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:00
to realize this full potential.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And so,
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๋˜ํ•œ
10:06
lastly, I'd like to leave you with a little story
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค€
10:09
that really inspires me.
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์งง์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And that is the story of Jack Andraka.
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์žญ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ผ์นด์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Some of you might already know him.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
10:15
Jack invented a new, groundbreaking low-cost test for pancreatic cancer
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์žญ์€ ์ €๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํš๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
at the age 15.
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 15์‚ด์—์š”.
10:25
And when Jack shares his story of how he did this huge breakthrough,
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์žญ์ด ์ด ํฐ ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
10:29
he also explains that one thing almost prevented him
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋ป”ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
from making this breakthrough.
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10:35
And that was that he did not have access to real laboratories,
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์ง„์งœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ์ถœ์ž…์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:40
because he was too inexperienced
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ์—” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:43
to be allowed in.
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10:45
Now, imagine if we could bring
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์ด์ œ
10:48
Ivy League, million-dollar virtual laboratories
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์•„์ด๋น„๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„
10:51
out to all these students just like Jack,
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์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์žญ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:53
all over the world,
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10:55
and give them the latest, greatest, most fancy machines you can imagine
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ ๋‚˜์„œ ํŒ”์ง ๋›ธ
10:58
that would quite literally make any scientist in here
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์ตœ์‹  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
jump up and down out of pure excitement.
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11:03
And then imagine how that would empower and inspire
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ Š๊ณ  ์ด๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:08
a whole new generation of young and bright scientists,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:12
ready to innovate and change the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:16
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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