This virtual lab will revolutionize science class | Michael Bodekaer

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: Nan Liu

Today, I am going to show you

今天，我要向各位展示

how this tablet and this virtual-reality headset that I'm wearing

我手上這台平板電腦及 頭上這台虛擬實境頭戴裝置

are going to completely revolutionize science education.

將如何變革我們的科學教育。

And I'm also going to show you

而我稍後也會向各位展示

how it can make any science teacher more than twice as effective.

如何讓科學老師的 教學效果提高兩倍。

But before I show you how all of this is possible,

但在我向各位展示 這些如何可以實現之前，

let's talk briefly about why improving the quality of science education

讓我們先簡短聊聊， 為什麼改善科學的教學品質

is so vitally important.

這麼的重要。

If you think about it,

各位想一下，

the world is growing incredibly fast.

世界的成長變化如此的快速。

And with that growth comes a whole list of growing challenges,

而伴隨著成長，相對地 也帶來了一系列的挑戰，

challenges such as dealing with global warming,

像是解決全球暖化問題、

solving starvation and water shortages

解決飢餓、水源不足、

and curing diseases,

治療疾病，

to name just a few.

等等問題……

And who, exactly, is going to help us solve all of these great challenges?

而又有誰，可以幫助我們 解決這些問題呢？

Well, to a very last degree, it is these young students.

嗯，說到底，是這些青年學生。

This is the next generation of young, bright scientists.

他們是下一代年輕、聰明的科學家。

And in many ways, we all rely on them

在很多方面，我們都需要仰賴他們

for coming up with new, great innovations

從創造出偉大的發明，

to help us solve all these challenges ahead of us.

到幫助我們解決 眼前所面臨的種種挑戰。

And so a couple of years back,

幾年前，

my cofounder and I were teaching university students just like these,

我和我的共同出資人 在大學教類似這樣的學生，

only the students we were teaching looked a little bit more like this here.

但我們教的學生，他們的上課狀況

比較類似這樣。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And yes, this is really the reality out there

沒錯，這就是外面的真實世界，

in way too many universities around the world:

全世界很多大學都有類似的情況：

students that are bored, disengaged

學生覺得老師上課無聊， 自己也無精打采，

and sometimes not even sure why they're learning about a topic

有時候，他們甚至都無法了解 最初為什麼要學這個主題。

in the first place.

So we started looking around for new, innovative teaching methods,

所以，我們開始尋找 新的創新教學方法，

but what we found was quite disappointing.

但我們找到的東西 都相當令人失望。

We saw that books were being turned into e-books,

我們看到實體書變成了電子書，

blackboards were being turned into YouTube videos

黑板變成了 YouTube 影片，

and lecture hall monologues were being turned into MOOCs --

而演講大廳裡的長篇演說變成了

massive online open courses.

MOOCs ──大量線上開放課程。

And if you think about it,

如果你仔細想想，

all we're really doing here is taking the same content

我們現在在做的事，

只是把同樣的內容格式

and the same format,

and bringing it out to more students --

帶出去給更多的學生──

which is great, don't get me wrong, that is really great --

這很棒，各位不要誤會， 這真的很棒──

but the teaching method is still more or less the same,

但教學方法多多少少都還是一樣，

no real innovation there.

沒有真正的創新。

So we started looking elsewhere.

所以，我們開始在其它領域尋找。

What we found was that flight simulators had been proven over and over again

我們發現，飛行模擬器，

當與用來訓練飛行員的 真實飛行訓練一起使用時，

to be far more effective

when used in combination with real, in-flight training to train the pilots.

已經一次又一次地 被證實相當有效。

And so we thought to ourselves:

所以，我們自己在想：

Why not just apply that to science?

為什麼不把這個 運用到科學教學上呢？

Why not build a virtual laboratory simulator?

為什麼不建立一個 虛擬實驗室的模擬器呢？

Well, we did it.

沒錯，我們辦到了。

We basically set out to create

我們基本上創造出了

a fully simulated, one-to-one, virtual reality laboratory simulator,

一個全擬真，一對一的， 虛擬實境實驗室模擬器，

where the students could perform experiments

在這裡，學生可以

with mathematical equations

用數學公式進行

that would simulate what would happen in a real-world lab.

將會模擬出真實實驗室 情況的實驗。

But not just simple simulations --

但並不是只有簡單的模擬──

we would also create advanced simulations

我們也與麻省理工學院這樣的知名大學

with top universities like MIT,

合作建立了先進的模擬課程，

to bring out cutting-edge cancer research to these students.

帶給這些學生們最新的 癌症研究體驗。

And suddenly, the universities could save millions of dollars

突然間，校方也節省了很多經費，

by letting the students perform virtual experiments

因為學生可以先進行虛擬實驗

再進入真正的實驗室。

before they go into the real laboratory.

And not only that; now, they could also understand --

不僅如此，現在，他們也可以理解──

甚至在儀器中的分子層面──

even on a molecular level inside the machine --

了解到儀器裡面發生了甚麼變化。

what is happening to the machines.

And then they could suddenly perform

而且他們也可以即時地

dangerous experiments in the labs as well.

在虛擬實驗室裡從事危險的實驗。

For instance also here,

舉個例子，

learning about salmonella bacteria, which is an important topic

比如學習沙門氏菌相當重要，

that many schools cannot teach for good safety reasons.

但是很多學校 出於安全原因而無法開課。

And we, of course, quiz the students

當然，我們也會給學生做測試，

and then give the teachers a full dashboard,

然後給老師課程進度表，

so they fully understand where the students are at.

以便他們全面性地了解 學生們的學習狀況。

But we didn't stop there,

但是，我們並沒有停滯不前，

because we had seen just how important meaning is

因為我們已經看到

for the students' engagement in the class.

鼓勵學生參與到課程中 具有相當重要的意義。

So we brought in game designers

所以我們請遊戲設計者

to create fun and engaging stories.

幫我們創造好玩又 引人入勝的遊戲。

For instance, here in this case,

比如，在這個案例中，

where the students have to solve a mysterious CSI murder case

學生要用他們的核心科學技術， 來破解神秘的 CSI 暗殺事件。

using their core science skills.

And the feedback we got when we launched all of this

當我們發表全部的設計後，

was quite overwhelmingly positive.

得到的反饋都是相當正面的。

Here we have 300 students,

這裡我們有 300 個學生，

all passionately solving CSI murder cases

當他們在學核心科學技術時，

while learning core science skills.

都相當投入地想解開 CSI 的暗殺之謎。

And what I love the most about this

而我讓我最享受的是，

is really when the students come up to me sometimes afterwards,

有時候真的有學生課後會來找我，

all surprised and a little confused,

然後用相當驚訝且 有點困惑的表情說，

and say, "I just spent two hours in this virtual lab,

「我剛剛竟然在虛擬實驗室 度過了兩個小時，

and ... and I didn't check Facebook."

而且……我竟然沒有看臉書。」

(Laughter)

That's how engaging and immersive this really is for the students.

（笑聲）

這就是虛擬實驗室對學生來說 多有吸引力、多仿真。

And so, to investigate whether this really worked,

為了調查這樣做是否真的可行，

a learning psychologist did a study with 160 students --

一位學習心理學家對 160名學生做了研究──

that was from Stanford University and Technical University of Denmark.

他們來自史丹福大學 及丹麥技術大學。

And what they did is split the students into two groups.

他們把學生分成兩組。

One group would only use the virtual laboratory simulations,

第一組學生只能進行 虛擬實驗室模擬教學方式。

the other group would only use traditional teaching methods,

另一組學生只能進行 傳統的教學方式。

and they had the same amount of time.

他們上課的時間都一樣。

Then, interestingly,

接下來有趣的是，

they gave the students a test before and after the experiment,

他們在實驗前與實驗後 分別對學生進行測驗，

so they could clearly measure the learning impact of the students.

這樣他們就可以測量出 學生的學習效果。

And what they found

他們發現，

was a surprisingly high 76 percent increase in the learning effectiveness

虛擬實驗室教學方式比傳統教學方式 提高了 76% 的教學效果。

when using virtual laboratories over traditional teaching methods.

But even more interestingly,

但更有趣的是在 研究調查的第二部分，

the second part of this study investigated

what the teacher's impact was on the learning.

有關老師在旁輔導的影響力。

And what they found

他們發現，

was that when you combined the virtual laboratories

如果你把虛擬實驗室與

with teacher-led coaching and mentoring,

老師在旁協助結合在一起，

then we saw a total 101 percent increase in the learning effectiveness,

學生的學習效果會提高 101% ，

which effectively doubles the science teacher's impact

這實際上是傳統 教師教學效果的兩倍。

with the same amount of time spent.

So a couple of months back,

幾個月後，

we started asking ourselves --

我們開始問我們自己──

we have a wonderful team now of learning psychologists

我們現在有很棒的團隊 我們有學習心理學專家、

and teachers and scientists and game developers --

老師、科學家、遊戲開發商──

and we started asking ourselves:

我們開始問我們自己：

How can we keep ourselves to our promise

我們要如何保持我們對自己

of constantly reimagining education?

不斷創新教學的承諾？

And today, I am really excited to be presenting what we came up with

今天，我真的很興奮 可以展示我們的成果，

and have been working incredibly hard to create.

我們相當努力且不斷創新。

I will explain briefly what this is.

我簡單的說明一下這是甚麼。

Basically, I take my mobile phone --

基本上，我只要拿出我的手機──

most students already have these, smartphones --

大多數的學生都有這個， 智能手機──

and I plug it into this virtual-reality headset, a low-cost headset.

然後，我把它插進這頭戴裝置中， 這個相當便宜的裝置。

And now what I can effectively do is,

現在我可以有效率做的就是，

I can literally step into this virtual world.

我可以真的進入到這個虛擬的世界。

We'll have some of you in the audience also get to try this,

觀眾當中有幾位已經 拿到裝置準備嘗試了，

because it is really something that you have to try

因為你真的可以嘗試看看，

to fully feel how immersive it really is.

體驗一下它有多麼的真實。

It literally feels like I just stepped inside this virtual lab.

我簡直就是已經進入到 這個虛擬實驗室。

Do you see me up on the screen?

你們有看到我嗎，有沒有在螢幕上？

Audience: Yes.

觀眾：有。

Michael Bodekaer: Great! Awesome.

麥可：很好！太棒了！

So basically, I have just turned my mobile phone

基本上，我已經把我的手機

into a fully simulated, million-dollar Ivy League laboratory

轉進到這個全擬真、價值百萬的 常春藤聯盟實驗室裡了，

with all this amazing equipment that I can interact with.

這裡面有相當棒的儀器 可以跟我互動。

I can, for instance, pick up the pipette and do experiments with it.

舉個例子，我可以拿起 吸量管做實驗。

I have my E-Ggel, my PCR and -- oh, look there,

我有 E-Ggel，PCR 儀器， 喔，你看那邊，

I have my next-generation sequencing machine,

我有次世代的定序儀器，

and there I even have my electron microscope.

我甚至有我的電子顯微鏡。

I mean, who's carrying around an electron microscope in their pocket?

我的意思是，有誰能把 電子顯微鏡放在口袋？

And here I have my machine,

這裡，我有自己的儀器，

I can do different experiments on the machine.

我可以在儀器上做不同的實驗。

And over here I have the door,

這裡，還有一扇門，

I can go into other experiments,

我可以進去做其它實驗，

I can perform in the laboratories.

我可以在實驗室裡進行實驗。

And here, I have my learning tablet.

還有這個，我有自己的學習平板。

This is an intelligent tablet

這是一個智能平板，

that allows me to read about relevant theory.

可以讓我閱讀相關的理論。

As you can see, I can interact with it.

就如你所見的，我可以與它互動。

I can watch videos and see content that is relevant

我可以看影片，

to the experiment that I'm performing right now.

也可以看我接下來準備 要做的實驗的相關內容。

Then over here, I have Marie.

然後這邊，這位是瑪莉。

She is my teacher -- my lab assistant --

她是我的老師，我的實驗室助理，

and what she does is guides me through this whole laboratory.

她做的就是，介紹實驗室的一切。

And very soon,

很快的，

the teachers will be able to literally teleport themselves

老師將可以把他們自己瞬間移動到

into this virtual world that I'm in right now

我現在所處的虛擬世界裡來，

and help me, guide me, through this whole experiment.

並幫助我、導引我做完整個實驗。

And now before I finalize this,

在我要結束前，

I want to show you an even cooler thing, I think --

我想要向各位展示更酷的東西，

something you cannot even do in real laboratories.

我認為你在真實的實驗室裡 甚至都沒辦法接觸到。

This is a PCR machine.

就是這一台 PCR 儀器。 （聚合脢連鎖反應儀器）

I'm now going to start this experiment.

我準備開始進行這項實驗。

And what I just did is literally shrunk myself a million times

我剛剛做的就是， 把我自己縮小到幾百萬倍，

into the size of a molecule --

縮到跟一個分子一樣的大小──

and it really feels like it, you have to try this.

各位真的要嘗試一下，真的很酷。

So now it feels like I'm standing inside the machine

現在，我感覺好像站在儀器裡面，

and I'm seeing all the DNA, and I see the molecules.

看著所有的 DNA 及分子。

I see the polymerase and the enzymes and so forth.

我看到聚合酶，還有酵素等等。

And I can see how in this case,

我還可以看到，

DNA is being replicated millions of times,

DNA 如何被複製好幾百萬倍出來，

just like it's happening inside your body right now.

就像各位身體裡面 現在正在發生的事情一樣。

And I can really feel and understand how all of this works.

我真的可以感受並了解到 這一切是如何運作的。

Now, I hope that gives you a little bit of a sense

現在，我希望可以給各位一些

of the possibilities in these new teaching methods.

關於這些新的教學方式的可行性。

And I want to also emphasize

我也想強調

that everything you just saw also works on iPads and laptops

各位剛剛看到的所有東西 也可以在 iPad 及筆記型電腦上操作，

without the headsets.

可以不用頭戴式裝置。

I say that for a very important reason.

我說這是為了一個很重要的原因。

In order for us to really empower and inspire

為了讓我們支持並鼓勵

the next generation of scientists,

我們的下一代對科學的熱情，

we really need teachers to drive the adoption

我們真的需要老師們在課堂上

of new technologies in the classroom.

主動採用新的科技教學方法。

And so in many ways,

有了這麼多的方法，

I believe that the next big, quantum leap in science education

我相信下一個 科學教育的巨大突破

lies no longer with the technology,

不再是靠科技，

but rather with the teachers' decision

而是靠老師們在課堂上推動並 採用這些科技的決心。

to push forward and adopt these technologies

inside the classrooms.

And so it is our hope that more universities and schools and teachers

所以我們希望，

更多的大學、學校、老師 可以與科技公司合作，

will collaborate with technology companies

to realize this full potential.

讓學生發揮出最大的潛力。

And so,

最後，

lastly, I'd like to leave you with a little story

我想給各位講一個小故事，

that really inspires me.

一個激勵我的故事。

And that is the story of Jack Andraka.

就是這位傑克．安佐卡的故事。

Some of you might already know him.

你們有些人也許已經知道這個人。

Jack invented a new, groundbreaking low-cost test for pancreatic cancer

傑克在他 15 歲的時候，

發明了一個新的、開創性、 低成本、快速的胰腺癌測試試紙，

at the age 15.

And when Jack shares his story of how he did this huge breakthrough,

在傑克分享他如何做出這個 突破性發明的故事時，

he also explains that one thing almost prevented him

他也說明了一件差點阻礙他做 這項突破性發明的故事。

from making this breakthrough.

And that was that he did not have access to real laboratories,

就是，他因為太年輕沒有經驗， 所以不允許進到實驗室裡做實驗。

because he was too inexperienced

to be allowed in.

Now, imagine if we could bring

現在，想像一下，如果我們可以

Ivy League, million-dollar virtual laboratories

把價值上百萬的常春藤 大學的虛擬實驗室

out to all these students just like Jack,

帶到外面的世界， 給所有像是傑克這樣的學生，

all over the world,

and give them the latest, greatest, most fancy machines you can imagine

讓他們也能接觸到最先進、 最強大、最昂貴的儀器，

that would quite literally make any scientist in here

這會讓在場所有的科學家，

jump up and down out of pure excitement.

興奮地跳起來。

And then imagine how that would empower and inspire

然後想像一下，那會 如何支持並激勵到

a whole new generation of young and bright scientists,

全新一代的年輕聰明科學家們，

ready to innovate and change the world.

讓他們準備好創新並改變世界。

Thank you very much.

非常謝謝各位。

(Applause)

（掌聲）