Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Li Li 校对人员: Yuguo Zhang

I thought I would start with a very brief history of cities.

我觉得我得从城市的历史

简单说起

Settlements typically began with people clustered around a well,

人们聚井而居

揭开了典型的定居生活

and the size of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk

而这种定居的范围，也不过是你头顶着一盆水

with a pot of water on your head.

所能走的距离罢了

其实，假如你能从德国上空飞过

In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,

and you look down and you see these hundreds of little villages,

往下看，你会看到数以百计的小村庄

每个距离约一英里

they're all about a mile apart.

You needed easy access to the fields.

这样你就到地里去就很方便了

几百几千年以来

And for hundreds, even thousands of years,

the home was really the center of life.

家就是生活的中心

Life was very small for most people.

所以对大多数人来说，生活范围其实很小

It was a center of entertainment, of energy production, of work,

家是欢乐，动力

工作，和医疗的中心

a center of health care.

在那里，也有生老病死

That's where babies were born and people died.

Then, with industrialization, everything started to become centralized.

之后工业化的兴起，

一切开始变得集中起来

You had dirty factories that were moved to the outskirts of cities.

那些污浊不堪的工厂

都搬到了郊外

Production was centralized in assembly plants.

产品也都被集中到装配厂

You had centralized energy production.

我们还把能源生产也集中起来

Learning took place in schools.

学校是学习用的

Health care took place in hospitals.

医院是治病用的

然后网络也发展起来了

And then you had networks that developed.

You had water, sewer networks

供水管网，污水管网也使得

that allowed for this kind of unchecked expansion.

不断的扩张成为了可能

You had separated functions, increasingly.

慢慢地，我们把不同的职能给区分开来

You had rail networks

铁路网连接到了住宅区

that connected residential, industrial, commercial areas.

工业区和商业区，汽车交通网也建立起来了

You had auto networks.

In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,

事实上，这个模式就是，给每人一辆车

build roads to everything,

把路给修起来，然后在人们停车的地方

and give people a place to park when they get there.

弄个车库，其实这并不是一个行得通的模式

It was not a very functional model.

And we still live in that world,

但我们依旧生活在这样的环境下

and this is what we end up with.

所以这就是我们所得到的

So you have the sprawl of LA,

所以就有了洛杉矶的扩展区

the sprawl of Mexico City.

墨西哥城的扩展区

You have these unbelievable new cities in China,

在中国匪夷所思般崛起了各种新城市

which you might call tower sprawl.

也可以称为“雨后春笋”

They're all building cities

他们都是基于我们在50年代或60年代发明的模式

on the model that we invented in the '50s and '60s,

在建城市，我觉得这样是跟不上时代的

which is really obsolete, I would argue,

and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities

而此时此刻，不计其数的城市

that are being planned all over the world.

正在世界各地紧锣密鼓筹备兴建

In China alone, 300 million people, some say 400 million people,

单中国来说，3亿人口，

有的说4亿

will move to the city over the next 15 years.

将会在接下来的15年里搬迁到城市里

这就等同于要美国

That means building the equivalent

of the entire built infrastructure of the US in 15 years.

在15年内建造起整个国家基础设施

Imagine that.

想象一下

And we should all care about this whether you live in cities or not.

我们都应该关注一下

不管你是否住在城里

Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,

城市主宰着90%的人口增长

80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,

全球80%的CO2，75%的能源消费

同时，也是人们向往的地方

but at the same time it's where people want to be,

increasingly.

这情况与日剧增

More than half the people now in the world live in cities,

现在世界上一半以上的人口住在城市里

and that will just continue to escalate.

而且还会不断增加

Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.

城市是人们庆祝和表现的地方

城市里有枕头大战的快闪族——

You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that --

我去过几次，还真有趣。（笑声）

I've been to a couple. They're quite fun.

You have --

还有—— （笑声）

(Laughter)

Cities are where most of the wealth is created,

城市是大部分财富的来源

and particularly in the developing world, it's where women find opportunities.

尤其是在发展中国家

妇女也能拥有各种机遇，所以

That's a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.

有很多原因可以解释为何城市发展如此快速

Now there's some trends that will impact cities.

但某些趋势会影响到城市

First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.

首先，工作遵循分配模式而且不再一成不变

The office building is basically obsolete for doing private work.

办公大楼基本淘汰了

私人的工作

The home, once again, because of distributed computation --

由于有了分布式通信和分布式计算

Communication is becoming a center of life,

家，再一次成为了生活的中心

so it's a center of production and learning and shopping and health care

家成为了生产，学习，购物，还有医疗

还有那些我们认为

and all of these things that we used to think of

都是在家外发生的一切的中心

as taking place outside of the home.

渐渐地，所有人们买的东西

And increasingly, everything that people buy,

every consumer product,

所有的消费品，通过不同的方式

in one way or another, can be personalized.

都能够实现个性化

And that's a very important trend to think about.

这是值得关注的一个重要趋势

So this is my image of the city of the future.

这就是我想象中的未来城市

（笑声）

(Laughter)

In that it's a place for people, you know.

图中那里就是人们可以待的地方

Maybe not the way people dress, but --

人们的衣着可能不会是这样，但

You know, the question now is,

要知道，现在的问题是，我们要如何

how can we have all the good things that we identify with cities

对于城市带给我们的产物

without all the bad things?

做到取其精华去其糟粕呢？

This is Bangalore.

这儿是班加罗尔，在去年的时候

It took me a couple of hours to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.

我花了好几小时才在班加罗尔移动了几英里

So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution

所以在城市里，有拥挤和污染

and disease and all these negative things.

有疾病还有很多负面的东西

How can we have the good stuff without the bad?

怎样取其精华去其糟粕呢？

我们暂且回头看看那么比较不错的城市吧

So we went back and started looking at the great cities

that evolved before the cars.

在有了汽车之前的状态

Paris was a series of these little villages that came together,

巴黎就是由好些小村庄

合并而成的，这种分布结构你今天还可以看得出来

and you still see that structure today.

巴黎的20个区

The 20 arrondissements of Paris are these little neighborhoods.

就像20个小邻居

大多数人们的生活所需

Most of what people need in life can be within a five- or 10-minute walk.

或许就在5到10分钟的步行范围里

And if you look at the data, when you have that kind of a structure,

如果你去看那些数据，当你建立了

这种结构后，巴黎的商店

you get a very even distribution

of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies

内科医生，药房，还有咖啡厅

and the cafes in Paris.

都会很平均地分布在城市中

And then you look at cities that evolved after the automobile,

之后你再看那些拥有了汽车后的城市

他们就完全不是这个模式了

and it's not that kind of a pattern.

There's very little that's within a five-minute walk

像匹兹堡，大部分地方

很少再有几步之遥的生活了

of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.

Not to pick on Pittsburgh,

不单是匹兹堡，大部分美国的城市

but most American cities really have evolved this way.

都演变成这个样了

所以我们说，看看这些新城市

So we said, well, let's look at new cities,

and we're involved in a couple of new city projects in China.

我们也要在中国弄几个新城市出来

So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.

那我们就从社区单元开始着手吧

我们觉得这是一种紧凑的城市单元

We think of it as a compact urban cell.

这样大部分人就能在20分钟步程内

So provide most of what most people want within that 20-minute walk.

满足生活所需

This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,

这也能成为一种有弹性的微电网

community heating, power, communication networks, etc.

社区供热网，电力网，通讯网

can be concentrated there.

等等，都能集中在那儿

Stewart Brand would put a micronuclear reactor

Stewart Brand很可能会在正中心

right in the center, probably.

建一个原子核反应堆。（笑声）

And he might be right.

他或许是对的

And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.

事实上，我们就能形成一个网状网络了

It's something of an Internet typology pattern,

这是一种类型学的互联网模式

so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.

所以我们有了这一系列的社区

You can dial up the density --

你可以了解到人口密度，如果在剑桥

about 20,000 people per cell, if it's Cambridge.

大概就是每个社区2万人。如果是在曼哈顿

Go up to 50,000 if it's Manhattan density.

这个数字就是5万。我们把那些

You connect everything with mass transit

大的中转点连接起来，这样单在社区里

and you provide most of what most people need within that neighborhood.

就能满足很多人的需求了

You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes

我们也能开创一个新的类型学

and the vehicles that can go on them.

包含了街景和交通工具

I won't go through all of them. I'll just show one.

我就不详讲，我就说一个方面

This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility parkway,

这里是博尔德，它的驾车专用道路

还有跑步者和自行车者的高速公路，是很有代表性的

a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists,

你可以顺着它横穿整个城市

where you can go from one end of the city to the other

without crossing the street,

不用过马路，而且他们也有公共自行车

and they also have bike-sharing, which I'll get into in a minute.

能让我很快就适应进去

在韩国首尔，还有个更有趣的解决方案

This is even a more interesting solution

in Seoul, Korea.

They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,

他们放弃了高架公路

重新回到街道上，还有街道下面的小河流

they reclaimed the street, the river down below,

below the street,

这样不用穿过马路

and you can go from one end of Seoul to the other

就能从首尔的一端到达另外一端

without crossing a pathway for cars.

曼哈顿的高压线也是类似的情况

The High Line in Manhattan is very similar.

在全世界，我们拥有这种迅速面世的单车道

You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes all over the world.

I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.

我在曼哈顿住了15年

I went back a couple of weekends ago,

上几个周末我回去了一趟

took this photograph of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.

给这些新建的漂亮的单车道拍了些照

They're still not to where Copenhagen is,

比起哥本哈根，仍有些差距

where something like 42 percent of the trips within the city

在哥本哈根，42%的路程都是在单车上的

are by bicycle.

很有可能是他们那里

It's mostly just because they have fantastic infrastructure there.

有更好的基础设施

We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.

在波士顿我们完全做了错误的事

The Big Dig --

我们——那个大隧道——（笑声）

(Laughter)

So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island,

我们是摆脱了高速公路，但我们也制造了交通岛

显然除了汽车，它还真的不适用于

and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything other than cars.

其他的交通工具

Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking about,

我们一直在思考迫在眉睫的流动性问题

我们觉得我们需要一个公交生态系统

so we think we need an ecosystem of these shared-use vehicles

他们可以将那些大的中转站给连接起来

connected to mass transit.

These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.

这些是我们目前着手的一些交通工具

公共使用是关键，如果我们共用一辆车

But shared use is really key.

If you share a vehicle, you can have at least four people use one vehicle,

那么相对一个人使用一辆车来说

as opposed to one.

这辆车的使用人数至少可以是四人

We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris.

在波士顿我们有Hubway自行车共享系統，在巴黎有Vélib系统

我们在媒体实验室研发这种

We've been developing, at the Media Lab, this little city car

城市小车，可以在城市充分共享使用

that is optimized for shared use in cities.

We got rid of all the useless things like engines and transmissions.

我们摒弃了那些没什么用处的东西，像引擎

还有传动装置，我们把一切都搬到轮子上

We moved everything to the wheels,

so you have the drive motor,

所以车上的轮子就集成有驱动马达，转向电机

the steering motor, the breaking -- all in the wheel.

和刹车系统

That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things like fold,

这使得底盘灵活不收阻碍，所以你可以

进行底盘折叠，你可以把这辆小车折叠起来

so you can fold this little vehicle up to occupy a tiny little footprint.

使得占据的空间变得更小

This was a video that was on European television last week

这是上周在欧洲电视台上播放的一个视频

showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving this little vehicle,

讲了西班牙的工业部长开着

这辆小车，而且当它折叠起来时，它还可以旋转

and when it's folded, it can spin.

You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.

无需退车，也无需平行泊车

You just spin and go directly in.

你只要旋转一下，直接开进去就行了。（笑声）

(Laughter)

所以我们已经在和一家公司合作

So we've been working with a company to commercialize this.

将它商业化。我的博士生Ryan Chin

My PhD student Ryan Chin presented these early ideas

两年前在TEDx的一个大会上提出了这个想法

two years ago at a TEDx conference.

So what's interesting is,

更有趣的是，你会开始不断为它增加

then if you begin to add new things to it, like autonomy,

新的东西，像自动化，你走出这部车

you get out of the car, you park at your destination,

想要停在指定位置，你就拍下它的屁屁

you pat it on the butt, it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,

它就自动进去停车，自己控制自己

and you can get something like seven times as many vehicles

而且一个传统的汽车的车位

你可以停放七辆这样的小车

in a given area as conventional cars,

and we think this is the future.

我们觉得这就是未来，其实我们今天已经可以做到了

Actually, we could do this today. It's not really a problem.

没什么大问题的

我们能把共享使用和折叠还有自动化结合起来

We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy

and we get something like 28 times the land utilization

而且我们的土地使用率可以提高28倍

with that kind of strategy.

只要按照这种方式（就会有可能）

One of our graduate students then says,

我们的一个毕业生说，好吧

well, how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?

这个无人驾驶的车，怎样提防行人呢？

You have nobody to make eye contact with.

没有司机看着它啊

You don't know if it's going to run you over.

也不知道它是不是会把你碾过去

所以他在研究怎样让这辆车

So he's developing strategies

so the vehicle can communicate with pedestrians, so --

留心我们的行人，所以——（笑声）

(Laughter)

So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,

所以车头灯成了眼球，它的瞳孔会扩大的

we have directional audio, we can throw sound directly at people.

我们有指导声频，所以可以在人们面前

直接发声

What I love about this project

我之所以钟情这个项目，是因为他解决了一个问题

is he solved a problem that doesn't exist yet, so --

而这个问题，甚至还未存在，所以——（笑声）

(Laughter)

（笑声）（掌声）

We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.

我们同时也觉得我们可以扩大范围到自行车道

You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys in stretchy pants. So --

自行车道大多是都是穿着弹性裤的年轻人在用

所以，你懂的，所以——（笑声）

(Laughter)

We think we can develop a vehicle that operates on bike lanes,

我们觉得我们可以发明一种能在自行车道行驶

accessible to elderly and disabled, women in skirts, businesspeople,

的交通工具，老年人和残疾人

穿裙妇女，商业人士都可以用

and address the issues of energy congestion, mobility,

同时针对能源消耗，流动性，老年化和肥胖症这些问题

aging and obesity simultaneously.

那就是我们的挑战

That's our challenge.

This is an early design for this little three-wheel.

这是我们早期设计的小三轮车

It's an electronic bike.

它是电动自行车，你得踩踏板

You have to pedal to operate it in a bike lane,

它才会在自行车道上行驶，但如果你是个上了年纪的人

but if you're an older person, that's a switch.

那儿有个开关。如果你是个身体健康的人，

If you're a healthy person, you might have to work really hard to go fast.

你可能得踩得很费劲它才会很快

You can dial in 40 calories going into work

骑着它去上班你可以消耗40卡路里

and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.

然后回家时消耗500卡路里，然后再洗个澡

我们期待它在今年秋天可以面世

We hope to have that built this fall.

住房是我们能改善的另一个方面

Housing is another area where we can really improve.

波士顿的市长Menino说这个城市面临最大的问题的之一

Mayor Menino in Boston says

lack of affordable housing for young people

就是缺乏可以让年轻人

is one of the biggest problems the city faces.

负担得起的住房

开发商说，好吧，那我们就来建造小型的公寓

Developers say, OK, we'll build little teeny apartments.

但人们说，我们其实不想住进这些狭小的

People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny conventional apartment.

传统型公寓

所以我们说，得建造标准的“底盘”

So we're saying, let's build a standardized chassis,

much like our car.

就像我们的车一样，让我们把高科技

Let's bring advanced technology into the apartment,

引进公寓，比如那些科技辅助的填充料

technology-enabled infill,

在这个宽敞的阁楼“底架”内，让人们拿起工具

give people the tools within this open-loft chassis

自己动手去创造，去诠释他们的需求

to go through a process of defining

what their needs and values and activities are,

价值观和行为，然后

and then a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly

会有一个对应的算法，对应整套独特的

of integrated infill components,

填充物组件，家具，还有橱柜

furniture, and cabinetry, that are personalized to that individual,

而且是为个人量身定做的，让他们有机会

and they give them the tools

拿起工具完成整个过程并完善它

to go through the process and to refine it,

and it's something like working with an architect,

这就像和建筑师一起合作

where the dialogue starts

而对话的内容往往是关于

when you give an alternative to a person to react to.

这里我想选择这么做

现在，住进去最好玩的事情

Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us

is when you can begin to have robotic walls,

就是当你拥有了机器墙

so your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,

这样就就能调整空间，不管是变成运动室还是工作室

if you run a virtual company.

只要你开了公司（一切就都有可能）

有客人拜访时，你就可以

You have guests over,

you have two guest rooms that are developed.

扩展两间客房

You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement

当你需要的时候，你可以变出一间传统卧室

when you need it.

可能大部分时间都是这样

Maybe that's most of the time.

当你有宴会时，桌子会翻折开来

You have a dinner party.

The table folds out to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,

在其他时间都是传统卧室里的空间里容纳下16个人

or maybe you want a dance studio.

或者你想改造成舞蹈室也行

I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas for a long time.

我想，建筑师很长时间一直在思考这个问题

我们现在需要去做的

What we need to do now,

是开发一些东西，使得3亿中国人

develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese people

能容纳进城市里

that would like to live in the city, and very comfortably.

并且生活得安逸

We think we can make a very small apartment

我觉得我们能造出一套公寓出来

that functions as if it's twice as big by utilizing these strategies.

利用以上的那些策略，令房子的实际用途

可以达到它两倍大小的作用。我不信智能家居

I don't believe in smart homes. That's sort of a bogus concept.

那是虚假的概念

I think you have to build dumb homes and put smart stuff in it.

我觉得应该建造愚笨家居

然后放些智能的东西进去。（笑声）

(Laughter)

我们现在已经在研发机器墙的底架

And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.

You know, standardized platform

还有带着发动机和电池

with the motors and the battery when it operates,

的标准平台，还有可以固定在一个地方

little solenoids that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.

收集低压电力的小螺丝管

We think this can all be standardized,

我们觉得这可以标准化

and then people can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,

那样人们就可以个性化墙上的其他物品

and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing

就像那辆车一样，我们能完善各种

to be aware of human activity,

感应人类活动的传感装置，所以

so if there's a baby or a puppy in the way,

哪怕有婴儿或小狗路中挡道，也不会出大乱子。（笑声）

you won't have a problem.

(Laughter)

So the developers say, well, this is great.

开发商说也觉得这样很不错，很赞同

OK, so if we have a conventional building, we have a fixed envelope,

所以如果我们有一栋传统的建筑

有一个固定的底线，那么我们可能可以放14个单位进去

maybe we can put in 14 units.

If they function as if they're twice as big,

如果他们能用起来像两倍的空间一样

we can get 28 units in.

那么我们就等于放进28个单位了

That means twice as much parking, though.

这就意味着有两倍的泊车空间

Parking's really expensive.

泊车真的是很贵的，在一栋建筑物里

It's about 70,000 dollars per space

建一个传统型的停车场，每个车位

to build a conventional parking spot inside a building.

大约要7万美金

所以如果能折叠，也有自动化

So if you can have folding and autonomy,

you can do that in one-seventh of the space.

那么你只需七分之一个停车位

That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,

每辆车就只需花1万美金而已

just for the cost of the parking.

就单停车这一项

You add shared use, and you can even go further.

如果加上共享使用，那么你行动范围就更大了

We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology

我们能在这一个过程中加入各种高科技

through this process.

创新型公司把科技融入家居中

There's a path to market for innovative companies

这方面的市场也是行得通的

to bring technology into the home.

In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens.

有这么个项目，我们正和西门子在合作

We have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,

我们在所有的家具和填充物中加入传感器

that understands where people are and what they're doing.

能感知人们的位置和所做的事情

蓝光是很有效率的，所以我们做出了

Blue light is very efficient,

so we have these tunable 24-bit LED lighting fixtures.

可调节的24位LED灯固定装置

它能辨识人的位置，以及所做的事情

It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,

需要的时候就变为全光谱的白灯

fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,

并节省下30%到40%的能源消耗

and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption, we think,

我们觉得，这比传统的最新型照明系统

over even conventional state-of-the-art lighting systems.

还要节能

This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors

这里的数据是来自那些传感器的

that are embedded in the furniture.

就安装在家具里面

We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.

我们不认为摄像机能在家里帮得上忙

We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.

我们觉得这些小型无线传感器更给力

We think we can also personalize sunlight.

我们也可以将日光个性化

That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.

某种程度上，这算是一种终极的个性化了

我们现在看到的就是连接镜的正面

So we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade

that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,

它能往空中投射光束

therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass

这样就能在像今天一样热的天气里

on a hot day like today.

遮蔽掉大部分的光线

In this case, she picks up her phone,

在这个例子中，她拿起手机，在准备食物时

she can map food preparation at the kitchen island

在岛式厨房上指定位置映射出阳光

to a particular location of sunlight.

会有一个算法能记住这个映射位置

An algorithm will keep it in that location as long as she's engaged in that activity.

只要她还在这个活动的过程中

This can be combined with LED lighting as well.

这也能和LED照明结合起来

我们认为工作场所也应该共享

We think workplaces should be shared.

I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.

我意思是，我觉得这真的就是未来的工作场所

This is Starbucks, you know.

其实，这是星巴克。（笑声）

Maybe a third --

或许三分之一——你可以看到每个人

And you see everybody has their back to the wall

都背靠着墙，桌上有食物和咖啡

and they have food and coffee down the way

他们都融入到自己的小私人空间里

and they're in their own little personal bubble.

We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.

我们需要共享的空间进行互动和合作

We're not doing a very good job with that.

这方面，我们做得不是很好

At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have shared desks.

在剑桥创新中心

有能共享的桌子。我曾在芬兰阿尔托大学

I've spent a lot of time in Finland at the design factory of Aalto University,

的设计工厂待过很长时间

where the they have a shared shop and shared fab lab, shared quiet spaces,

那儿有共享的商店和私人实验室

共享安静的环境

electronics spaces, recreation places.

电子设备环境

休闲场地

We think ultimately, all of this stuff can come together,

我们相信这些最终都会结合在一起

a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,

成为新型的流动方式，新型的住宅方式

a new model for how we live and work,

新型的生活工作方式

a path to market for advanced technologies.

也为高科技市场打开门道

But in the end, the main thing we need to focus on are people.

但最终我们需要关注的

是人类。城市和人类是分不开的

Cities are all about people.

They're places for people.

他们是人类的住所

所以没有理由不去大力提升

There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve

the livability and creativity of cities

城市的宜居性和创意性

like they've done in Melbourne with the laneways

就像在墨尔本的巷道一样

while at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.

同时也大规模地降低了CO2排放量和能源使用量

It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.

这个全球性问题迫在眉睫，刻不容缓

Thank you.

谢谢。（掌声）

(Applause)