Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city

199,567 views ใƒป 2012-09-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I thought I would start with a very brief history of cities.
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื”
ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื.
00:21
Settlements typically began with people clustered around a well,
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ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืจ, ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘
00:25
and the size of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืก ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื›ืช
00:29
with a pot of water on your head.
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ืขื ื›ื“ ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉืš.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ืกื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
00:31
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,
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00:34
and you look down and you see these hundreds of little villages,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืื•ืช
ื›ืคืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” -- ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื›-1.5 ืง"ืž ืžืฉื›ื ื•.
00:37
they're all about a mile apart.
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00:39
You needed easy access to the fields.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืœื” ืœืฉื“ื•ืช.
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
00:42
And for hundreds, even thousands of years,
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00:45
the home was really the center of life.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
00:48
Life was very small for most people.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:50
It was a center of entertainment, of energy production, of work,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
00:57
a center of health care.
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ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื•.
00:58
That's where babies were born and people died.
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01:01
Then, with industrialization, everything started to become centralized.
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ื•ืื–, ืขื ื”ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ
ืœื”ืชืžืจื›ื–.
01:06
You had dirty factories that were moved to the outskirts of cities.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื•
ืœืคืืชื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื.
01:10
Production was centralized in assembly plants.
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”.
01:14
You had centralized energy production.
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืžืจื›ื–.
01:18
Learning took place in schools.
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ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ืกืคืจ.
01:20
Health care took place in hospitals.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
ื•ืื– ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
01:24
And then you had networks that developed.
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01:26
You had water, sewer networks
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ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื•
01:28
that allowed for this kind of unchecked expansion.
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ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช.
01:32
You had separated functions, increasingly.
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ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช.
01:36
You had rail networks
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ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื,
01:38
that connected residential, industrial, commercial areas.
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื•ืžืกื—ืจ. ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘.
01:41
You had auto networks.
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01:42
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“,
01:45
build roads to everything,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
01:47
and give people a place to park when they get there.
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ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ื– ื—ืคืฆื. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
01:49
It was not a very functional model.
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01:51
And we still live in that world,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื,
01:53
and this is what we end up with.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื–ื”.
01:56
So you have the sprawl of LA,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืœื•ืก-ืื ื’'ืœืก ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื,
01:58
the sprawl of Mexico City.
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ืืช ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•-ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื.
02:00
You have these unbelievable new cities in China,
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
02:03
which you might call tower sprawl.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื.
02:05
They're all building cities
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื•
02:07
on the model that we invented in the '50s and '60s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1950 ื•ื”-1960, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
02:10
which is really obsolete, I would argue,
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02:12
and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities
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ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืขืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
02:14
that are being planned all over the world.
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ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:16
In China alone, 300 million people, some say 400 million people,
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ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื”, 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
02:20
will move to the city over the next 15 years.
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ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืขืจื™ื ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœ
02:23
That means building the equivalent
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02:25
of the entire built infrastructure of the US in 15 years.
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ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืชื•ืš 15 ืฉื ื”.
02:28
Imagine that.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื” ื–ื”.
02:29
And we should all care about this whether you live in cities or not.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื›ืคืช ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”,
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืื•.
02:34
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,
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ืขืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœ-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
02:37
80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,
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ืœ-80 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”-CO2 ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืœ-75 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
02:42
but at the same time it's where people want to be,
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02:45
increasingly.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:46
More than half the people now in the world live in cities,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
02:49
and that will just continue to escalate.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช.
02:52
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.
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ืขืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช, ืœื”ื‘ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื”ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื•ืช --
02:56
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ืืœื•. ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ื ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:59
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun.
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03:01
You have --
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ื™ืฉ ืืช --
03:02
(Laughter)
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03:03
Cities are where most of the wealth is created,
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ,
03:06
and particularly in the developing world, it's where women find opportunities.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:10
That's a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ื›ื” ืžื”ืจ.
03:13
Now there's some trends that will impact cities.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื.
03:16
First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ืช.
03:19
The office building is basically obsolete for doing private work.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
03:23
The home, once again, because of distributed computation --
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ --
03:27
Communication is becoming a center of life,
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:29
so it's a center of production and learning and shopping and health care
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ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช,
ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
03:33
and all of these things that we used to think of
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ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช.
03:36
as taking place outside of the home.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื ื™ื,
03:39
And increasingly, everything that people buy,
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03:42
every consumer product,
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ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช,
03:43
in one way or another, can be personalized.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
03:46
And that's a very important trend to think about.
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ื–ื• ืžื’ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืชื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
03:49
So this is my image of the city of the future.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:52
(Laughter)
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03:54
In that it's a place for people, you know.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื.
03:56
Maybe not the way people dress, but --
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ --
03:59
You know, the question now is,
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•
04:01
how can we have all the good things that we identify with cities
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขืจื™ื
04:04
without all the bad things?
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ืœืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื?
04:06
This is Bangalore.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ. ืœืงื— ืœื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื
04:07
It took me a couple of hours to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.
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ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ืง"ืž ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
04:11
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution
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ื›ืš, ื”ืขืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช,
04:14
and disease and all these negative things.
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื.
04:17
How can we have the good stuff without the bad?
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื?
ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
04:19
So we went back and started looking at the great cities
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04:21
that evolved before the cars.
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ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:23
Paris was a series of these little villages that came together,
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ืคืจื™ื– ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•
ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื.
04:28
and you still see that structure today.
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20 ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื–
04:30
The 20 arrondissements of Paris are these little neighborhoods.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:33
Most of what people need in life can be within a five- or 10-minute walk.
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 5-10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
04:37
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind of a structure,
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ื•ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื–ื”, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืื—ื™ื“
04:41
you get a very even distribution
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04:42
of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies
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ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื‘ืชื™-ืžืจืงื—ืช
04:46
and the cafes in Paris.
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–.
04:48
And then you look at cities that evolved after the automobile,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื•
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื–ื• ืœื ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”.
04:51
and it's not that kind of a pattern.
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04:52
There's very little that's within a five-minute walk
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’.
04:56
of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.
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04:58
Not to pick on Pittsburgh,
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ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’,
04:59
but most American cities really have evolved this way.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืš.
ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
05:04
So we said, well, let's look at new cities,
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05:06
and we're involved in a couple of new city projects in China.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
05:10
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ืชื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™
05:13
We think of it as a compact urban cell.
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš
05:15
So provide most of what most people want within that 20-minute walk.
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ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
05:18
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื”,
05:22
community heating, power, communication networks, etc.
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ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“
05:25
can be concentrated there.
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ืฉื™ืชืจื›ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื.
05:27
Stewart Brand would put a micronuclear reactor
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ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืจื ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืจ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
05:30
right in the center, probably.
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ื–ืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:32
And he might be right.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง.
05:33
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืช.
05:37
It's something of an Internet typology pattern,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™,
05:41
so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืกืฃ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
05:43
You can dial up the density --
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ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช -- ื›-20,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื•ื‘ืข
05:45
about 20,000 people per cell, if it's Cambridge.
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ืื ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ื•-50,000 ืื
05:47
Go up to 50,000 if it's Manhattan density.
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ื–ื• ืžื ื”ื ื˜ืŸ. ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”
05:50
You connect everything with mass transit
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืขื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื”ื
05:52
and you provide most of what most people need within that neighborhood.
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ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื•ื‘ืข.
05:56
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื— ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
05:59
and the vehicles that can go on them.
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ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืœื ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื
06:02
I won't go through all of them. I'll just show one.
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ืืœื ืืจืื” ืจืง ืื—ื“.
06:05
This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility parkway,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ืจ. ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช
ื“ืจืš ืฉื“ื™ืจืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
06:09
a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
06:12
where you can go from one end of the city to the other
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06:14
without crossing the street,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื,
06:16
and they also have bike-sharing, which I'll get into in a minute.
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ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜.
ื–ื” ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืื•ืœ, ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
06:20
This is even a more interesting solution
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06:22
in Seoul, Korea.
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06:23
They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,
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ื”ื ื ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”,
ื”ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘, ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘
06:26
they reclaimed the street, the river down below,
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06:29
below the street,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื” ืื—ื“
06:31
and you can go from one end of Seoul to the other
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ื‘ืกื™ืื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืฉื ื”ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
06:33
without crossing a pathway for cars.
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(ืคืืจืง) ื”ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“.
06:37
The High Line in Manhattan is very similar.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:41
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes all over the world.
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06:45
I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.
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ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ืฉื ื”.
06:47
I went back a couple of weekends ago,
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
06:49
took this photograph of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื•.
06:55
They're still not to where Copenhagen is,
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื” ื›-42 ืื—ื•ื–
06:58
where something like 42 percent of the trips within the city
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ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
07:01
are by bicycle.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
07:02
It's mostly just because they have fantastic infrastructure there.
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ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉื.
07:06
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:09
The Big Dig --
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ืื ื—ื ื• -- ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:11
(Laughter)
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07:14
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island,
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ื ืคื˜ืจื ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืื™ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื”
ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
07:18
and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything other than cars.
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ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
07:22
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking about,
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ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
07:25
so we think we need an ecosystem of these shared-use vehicles
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืขื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช.
07:28
connected to mass transit.
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07:30
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื›ืœื™-ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘,
07:34
But shared use is really key.
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07:35
If you share a vehicle, you can have at least four people use one vehicle,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 4 ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ื“,
07:39
as opposed to one.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื“ื ืื—ื“.
07:41
We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vรฉlib' system in Paris.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืจื™ื–.
ืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช
07:48
We've been developing, at the Media Lab, this little city car
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ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
07:52
that is optimized for shared use in cities.
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07:55
We got rid of all the useless things like engines and transmissions.
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ื ืคื˜ืจื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™-ื”ืขืจืš ื›ืžื• ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืชืžืกื•ืจื•ืช.
ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืžื ื•ืข ื”ื”ื ืขื”,
07:58
We moved everything to the wheels,
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08:00
so you have the drive motor,
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ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื,
08:02
the steering motor, the breaking -- all in the wheel.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
08:04
That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things like fold,
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืœืœื ืขื•ืžืก,
ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืคืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ื”
08:08
so you can fold this little vehicle up to occupy a tiny little footprint.
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืจืง ืขืงื‘ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
08:13
This was a video that was on European television last week
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ื–ื”ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ
08:17
showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving this little vehicle,
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ื•ื‘ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ,
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
08:22
and when it's folded, it can spin.
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08:24
You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื—ื•ืจื™. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
08:27
You just spin and go directly in.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:29
(Laughter)
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:31
So we've been working with a company to commercialize this.
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ืจื™ื™ืืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฆื™ื’
08:33
My PhD student Ryan Chin presented these early ideas
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืก TEDx.
08:37
two years ago at a TEDx conference.
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08:39
So what's interesting is,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™,
08:42
then if you begin to add new things to it, like autonomy,
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืจื›ื‘, ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™,
08:45
you get out of the car, you park at your destination,
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ื˜ื•ืคื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
08:47
you pat it on the butt, it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,
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ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื
08:51
and you can get something like seven times as many vehicles
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ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืคื™-7
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
08:56
in a given area as conventional cars,
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08:59
and we think this is the future.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:01
Actually, we could do this today. It's not really a problem.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ื–ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™, ืงื™ืคื•ืœ, ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
09:05
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy
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09:08
and we get something like 28 times the land utilization
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ
09:11
with that kind of strategy.
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ืคื™-28 ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
09:13
One of our graduate students then says,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื•ืืœ,
09:15
well, how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืœื ื ื”ื’ ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™-ืจื’ืœ?
09:19
You have nobody to make eye contact with.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื™ืŸ.
09:21
You don't know if it's going to run you over.
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ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชืš.
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืคืชื— ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ื›ืœ
09:24
So he's developing strategies
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09:25
so the vehicle can communicate with pedestrians, so --
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ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™-ืจื’ืœ -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:28
(Laughter)
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09:29
So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,
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ื”ืคื ืกื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ื’ืœื’ืœื™-ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘,
09:32
we have directional audio, we can throw sound directly at people.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืœืคื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
09:36
What I love about this project
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื
09:38
is he solved a problem that doesn't exist yet, so --
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ืคืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื”, ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ --
09:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:44
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.
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ืื ื• ื’ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
09:48
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys in stretchy pants. So --
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ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:52
(Laughter)
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09:54
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates on bike lanes,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื— ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืกืข
09:57
accessible to elderly and disabled, women in skirts, businesspeople,
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ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื,
ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื•
10:02
and address the issues of energy congestion, mobility,
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ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื ื”
10:05
aging and obesity simultaneously.
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ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
10:07
That's our challenge.
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10:09
This is an early design for this little three-wheel.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืช-ืื•ืคืŸ,
10:11
It's an electronic bike.
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ืืœื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื•ื•ืฉ
10:13
You have to pedal to operate it in a bike lane,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžืชื’.
10:17
but if you're an older person, that's a switch.
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ืื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”
10:19
If you're a healthy person, you might have to work really hard to go fast.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžื”ืจ.
10:23
You can dial in 40 calories going into work
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข 40 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:25
and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.
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ื•-500 ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงืœื—.
ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
10:28
We hope to have that built this fall.
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ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ.
10:32
Housing is another area where we can really improve.
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ืจืืฉ-ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ืžื ื™ื ื•, ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ
10:36
Mayor Menino in Boston says
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10:38
lack of affordable housing for young people
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
10:41
is one of the biggest problems the city faces.
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ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”.
ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช.
10:44
Developers say, OK, we'll build little teeny apartments.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”
10:47
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny conventional apartment.
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ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:51
So we're saying, let's build a standardized chassis,
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10:55
much like our car.
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ื ื›ื ื™ืก ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืจื”,
10:56
Let's bring advanced technology into the apartment,
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ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืžื ืฆืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ื™ืฉื”,
11:01
technology-enabled infill,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจืช-ื’ื’,
11:04
give people the tools within this open-loft chassis
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื,
11:09
to go through a process of defining
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11:11
what their needs and values and activities are,
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ืืช ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื, ื•ืื– ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžืชืื™ื
11:14
and then a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly
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ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
11:17
of integrated infill components,
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ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ื”ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืช
11:19
furniture, and cabinetry, that are personalized to that individual,
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ืฉืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
11:24
and they give them the tools
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช,
11:26
to go through the process and to refine it,
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11:28
and it's something like working with an architect,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜,
11:30
where the dialogue starts
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ืฉื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืื™ืชื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื“ื
11:32
when you give an alternative to a person to react to.
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ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•
11:38
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us
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11:42
is when you can begin to have robotic walls,
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ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื•
11:44
so your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื—ื“ืจ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš
11:48
if you run a virtual company.
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ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชืš.
ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื—ื“ืจื™-ืื™ืจื•ื—
11:50
You have guests over,
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11:51
you have two guest rooms that are developed.
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ืฉื ืคืชื—ื™ื.
11:55
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจ-ืฉื™ื ื” ืื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš.
11:59
when you need it.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
12:00
Maybe that's most of the time.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื ืคืชื—
12:02
You have a dinner party.
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12:03
The table folds out to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,
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ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœ-16 ืื ืฉื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื—ื“ืจ-ืฉื™ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ,
12:07
or maybe you want a dance studio.
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ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืœ.
12:08
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas for a long time.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
12:12
What we need to do now,
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ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืื•ืชื 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื™ื
12:14
develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese people
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
12:20
that would like to live in the city, and very comfortably.
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ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
12:24
We think we can make a very small apartment
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ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ื ื”
12:26
that functions as if it's twice as big by utilizing these strategies.
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ืฉืชืชืคืงื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™-2,
ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื•. ืื™ื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
12:31
I don't believe in smart homes. That's sort of a bogus concept.
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™.
12:35
I think you have to build dumb homes and put smart stuff in it.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื˜ืคืฉื™ื
ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:38
(Laughter)
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื“ืช ื”ืงื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื•.
12:41
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.
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12:46
You know, standardized platform
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืกื•ืœืœื”,
12:48
with the motors and the battery when it operates,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช, ืกื•ืœื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื (ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื)
12:50
little solenoids that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.
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ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืžืชื— ื ืžื•ืš.
12:55
We think this can all be standardized,
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ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™
12:57
and then people can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,
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ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ,
13:01
and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื–ื”
13:03
to be aware of human activity,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืื“ื, ื›ืš ืฉืื
13:06
so if there's a baby or a puppy in the way,
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ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื• ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:09
you won't have a problem.
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13:10
(Laughter)
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13:11
So the developers say, well, this is great.
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ื›ืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ืคืœื.
13:14
OK, so if we have a conventional building, we have a fixed envelope,
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก 14 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
13:18
maybe we can put in 14 units.
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13:20
If they function as if they're twice as big,
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ืื ื”ืŸ ื™ืคืขืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื,
13:22
we can get 28 units in.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื 28 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
13:24
That means twice as much parking, though.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื”.
13:26
Parking's really expensive.
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ื—ื ื™ื” ื–ื” ื™ืงืจ. ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›-70,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
13:27
It's about 70,000 dollars per space
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”
13:30
to build a conventional parking spot inside a building.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™,
13:34
So if you can have folding and autonomy,
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13:37
you can do that in one-seventh of the space.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื”ืžืงื•ื.
13:40
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœ-10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
13:42
just for the cost of the parking.
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ืจืง ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื”.
13:44
You add shared use, and you can even go further.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:48
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
13:51
through this process.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง
13:52
There's a path to market for innovative companies
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช.
13:55
to bring technology into the home.
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13:57
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืžื ืก,
13:59
We have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜
14:02
that understands where people are and what they're doing.
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ืื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ืžืื•ื“, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืงื ื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื ื™ื
14:05
Blue light is very efficient,
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14:06
so we have these tunable 24-bit LED lighting fixtures.
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ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ 24-ื‘ื™ื˜.
ื”ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”,
14:11
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืœื‘ืŸ-ืžืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš,
14:15
fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,
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ื•ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ 30, 40 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
14:19
and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption, we think,
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ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื”
14:25
over even conventional state-of-the-art lighting systems.
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ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:31
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors
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ื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื
14:34
that are embedded in the furniture.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜.
14:36
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
14:39
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.
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ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื.
14:43
We think we can also personalize sunlight.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
14:45
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.
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ื–ื• ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:48
So we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade
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14:51
that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,
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ืฉื™ืฉื’ืจื• ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืจ-ืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ,
14:55
therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
14:57
on a hot day like today.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
14:59
In this case, she picks up her phone,
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื”
15:01
she can map food preparation at the kitchen island
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ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืื•ืจ-ื”ืฉืžืฉ
15:06
to a particular location of sunlight.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืœื”. ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•
15:08
An algorithm will keep it in that location as long as she's engaged in that activity.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื–ื• ื ืžืฉื›ืช.
15:13
This can be combined with LED lighting as well.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืฃ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืชืื•ืจืช ืœื“.
ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื.
15:18
We think workplaces should be shared.
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15:20
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
15:22
This is Starbucks, you know.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื˜ืืจื‘ืงืก ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:24
Maybe a third --
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ -- ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืืฆืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ ืžื•ืคื ื”
15:25
And you see everybody has their back to the wall
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ืœืงื™ืจ ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืงืคื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื
15:27
and they have food and coffee down the way
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
15:30
and they're in their own little personal bubble.
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15:32
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.
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ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื”.
15:35
We're not doing a very good job with that.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘.
15:37
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have shared desks.
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ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’', ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื
ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื. ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“,
15:41
I've spent a lot of time in Finland at the design factory of Aalto University,
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืœื˜ื•,
15:46
where the they have a shared shop and shared fab lab, shared quiet spaces,
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ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,
15:50
electronics spaces, recreation places.
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ื—ืœืœื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”,
ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื ืื™.
15:55
We think ultimately, all of this stuff can come together,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
15:58
a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ,
16:02
a new model for how we live and work,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
16:04
a path to market for advanced technologies.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช,
16:07
But in the end, the main thing we need to focus on are people.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื•
ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื. ืขืจื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
16:10
Cities are all about people.
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16:11
They're places for people.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
16:14
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve
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16:16
the livability and creativity of cities
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ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ
16:18
like they've done in Melbourne with the laneways
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืจืŸ ืขื ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ืžื˜ืื•ืช
16:22
while at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื’ื ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”-CO2 ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
16:27
It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ื›ื”ืœื›ื”.
16:30
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:31
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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