How the blockchain is changing money and business | Don Tapscott

翻译人员: Haoliang Chen 校对人员: Conway Ye

The technology likely to have the greatest impact

有可能在未来几十年

带来巨大影响的科技，

on the next few decades

已经到来了。

has arrived.

And it's not social media.

并不是社交媒体，

It's not big data.

也不是大数据，

It's not robotics.

也不是机器人科学，

It's not even AI.

甚至也不是人工智能。

You'll be surprised to learn

你会惊讶地了解到，

that it's the underlying technology of digital currencies like Bitcoin.

它是比特币等数字货币的技术基础，

It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.

它叫做区块链。

Now, it's not the most sonorous word in the world,

它不是世界上最华丽的词汇，

but I believe that this is now

但是我坚信

它将是下一代互联网，

the next generation of the internet,

and that it holds vast promise for every business, every society

并且给每一次贸易， 每一个社会，每一个人，

and for all of you, individually.

带来光明前景。

You know, for the past few decades, we've had the internet of information.

过去的几十年里， 我们迎来了互联网的信息时代。

And when I send you an email or a PowerPoint file or something,

当我向你发送一封电子邮件， 或一份PPT文件或者其他的时候，

I'm actually not sending you the original,

实际上我发送的并不是原始文件，

I'm sending you a copy.

我发送的是拷贝的副本。

And that's great.

那可真棒。

This is democratized information.

这是民主化的信息时代。

But when it comes to assets --

但是如果牵涉到资产的话，

things like money,

比如说金钱，

financial assets like stocks and bonds,

股票及债权等金融资产，

loyalty points, intellectual property,

股份，知识产权，

music, art, a vote,

音乐，艺术，一张选票，

carbon credit and other assets --

碳信用额等其他资产，

sending you a copy is a really bad idea.

发送一份副本真是个糟糕主意。

If I send you 100 dollars,

如果我给了你100美元，

it's really important that I don't still have the money --

我不再拥有这笔钱是很重要的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

and that I can't send it to you.

并且我不能再次发送。

This has been called the "double-spend" problem

这已经被密码专家叫做 “二次消费”问题

by cryptographers for a long time.

很久了。

So today, we rely entirely on big intermediaries --

如今，我们完全依赖于大型中介机构，

middlemen like banks, government,

中间商比如银行，政府，

big social media companies, credit card companies and so on --

大型社交媒体公司， 信用卡公司等等，

to establish trust in our economy.

来构建经济中的信用体系。

And these intermediaries perform all the business and transaction logic

这些中介机构承办了 各式各样的商业贸易

of every kind of commerce,

的一切流程。

from authentication, identification of people,

从对人们的身份验证，

through to clearing, settling and record keeping.

到记录的清除，设定和保存。

And overall, they do a pretty good job.

总的来说，他们做得不错。

But there are growing problems.

但是有一个问题日益凸显。

To begin, they're centralized.

首先，他们过于集中，

That means they can be hacked, and increasingly are --

这就意味着它们会被黑客攻击，

JP Morgan, the US Federal Government,

像摩根大通银行，美联储，

LinkedIn, Home Depot and others

领英，家得宝等

found that out the hard way.

惨痛的教训证明了这一点。

They exclude billions of people from the global economy,

它们使数十亿人民与全球经济隔绝，

for example, people who don't have enough money

比方说，有人由于没有足够的资金

to have a bank account.

无法开户。

They slow things down.

它们降低了效率。

It can take a second for an email to go around the world,

一封电子邮件转瞬即可环游世界，

but it can take days or weeks

但是会花上几天甚至几周的时间

for money to move through the banking system across a city.

通过银行移动城市内的金钱，

And they take a big piece of the action --

它们从中收取大笔利益：

10 to 20 percent just to send money to another country.

跨国转账需要10%到20%的手续费。

They capture our data,

他们掌握了我们的交易数据，

and that means we can't monetize it

这意味着我们不能将其货币化

or use it to better manage our lives.

或是更好地管理我们的生活。

Our privacy is being undermined.

我们的隐私正在暗中被侵蚀。

And the biggest problem is that overall,

而最大的问题在于，

they've appropriated the largesse of the digital age asymmetrically:

他们使得数字时代带给人们 的福利变得不再平衡。

we have wealth creation, but we have growing social inequality.

我们创造着财富， 但是我们的社会也日趋不平等。

So what if there were not only an internet of information,

如果我们有的不仅仅是信息的互联，

what if there were an internet of value --

如果还有价值的互联：

some kind of vast, global, distributed ledger

大量的，全球性的 分散式的账本，

running on millions of computers

可以在数千万台电脑上运转，

and available to everybody.

每个人都有权访问。

And where every kind of asset, from money to music,

无论是什么样的资产， 从金钱到音乐，

could be stored, moved, transacted, exchanged and managed,

都可以进行储存，移动， 交易，交换和管理，

all without powerful intermediaries?

全部不经过强大的中间商。

What if there were a native medium for value?

如果我们有价值的当地媒介？

Well, in 2008, the financial industry crashed

在2008年，金融业崩溃，

and, perhaps propitiously,

也许幸运的是，

an anonymous person or persons named Satoshi Nakamoto

一位或几位名叫中本聪的匿名人士

created a paper where he developed a protocol for a digital cash

创造了一个针对数字货币的协议，

that used an underlying cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.

使用了一种加密货币，名为比特币。

And this cryptocurrency enabled people to establish trust and do transactions

这一加密货币使得人们可以 建立信任并进行交易，

without a third party.

不需要第三方。

And this seemingly simple act set off a spark

这看似寻常的动作擦出的火花，

that ignited the world,

点燃了整个世界，

that has everyone excited or terrified or otherwise interested

各地的人们或是激动，或是恐慌，

或是好奇。

in many places.

Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin --

现在不必为比特币感到困惑。

Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down,

比特币是一种资产，它有涨有跌。

and that should be of interest to you if you're a speculator.

投机商应该对此颇有兴趣。

More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency.

总的来说，它是一种加密货币。

It's not a fiat currency controlled by a nation-state.

它不是由国家控制的法定货币。

And that's of greater interest.

这就很有趣了。

But the real pony here is the underlying technology.

不过其中最根本的要素

是叫做区位链的技术。

It's called blockchain.

So for the first time now in human history,

这是人类历史上首次

people everywhere can trust each other

各地的人们可以彼此信任，

and transact peer to peer.

并进行点对点的交易。

And trust is established, not by some big institution,

信任的建立并不是基于一些大型机构，

but by collaboration, by cryptography

而是基于合作，基于密码技术

and by some clever code.

和一些精巧的代码。

And because trust is native to the technology,

因为信任正是起源于这一技术。

I call this, "The Trust Protocol."

我把它叫做“信任协议”。

Now, you're probably wondering: How does this thing work?

你也许会想： 它的工作原理是什么？

Fair enough.

问得好。

Assets -- digital assets like money to music and everything in between --

资产——数字资产从金钱到音乐， 或是其他的产品，

are not stored in a central place,

并不储存在中央区域，

but they're distributed across a global ledger,

而是分散于全球的账本之中，

using the highest level of cryptography.

使用最高级别的密码技术。

And when a transaction is conducted,

当一次交易处理完成后，

it's posted globally,

它会通过数亿台计算机

across millions and millions of computers.

发布全球通告。

And out there, around the world,

而在全世界，

is a group of people called "miners."

有一群叫做“矿工”的人们。

These are not young people, they're Bitcoin miners.

他们并不一定是年轻人， 他们是比特币矿工。

They have massive computing power at their fingertips --

他们手头有着巨大的计算能力——

10 to 100 times bigger than all of Google worldwide.

比谷歌全球规大数十倍。

These miners do a lot of work.

这些矿工要做很多工作。

And every 10 minutes,

每隔十分钟，

kind of like the heartbeat of a network,

有点类似于网络的一次心跳，

a block gets created

一个区块便诞生了，

that has all the transactions from the previous 10 minutes.

它包含了过去10分钟的所有交易信息。

Then the miners get to work, trying to solve some tough problems.

然后矿工们开始工作， 尝试解决一些难题。

And they compete:

他们彼此竞争，

the first miner to find out the truth and to validate the block,

第一个找出真相并使区块有效的矿工

is rewarded in digital currency,

将会有数字货币的奖励，

in the case of the Bitcoin blockchain, with Bitcoin.

这就是关于比特币的区块链。

And then -- this is the key part --

随后是关键的部分，

that block is linked to the previous block

该区块连接到前一个区块，

and the previous block

以及更前面的区块

to create a chain of blocks.

形成了一连串的区块。

And every one is time-stamped,

每一个区块都是时间标记，

kind of like with a digital waxed seal.

有点像是数字蜡印。

So if I wanted to go and hack a block

假如说我想要破解其中的一个区块，

and, say, pay you and you with the same money,

比方说给你还有你一样的金钱，

I'd have to hack that block,

我需要破解那个区块，

plus all the preceding blocks,

和前面所有的区块，

the entire history of commerce on that blockchain,

就是那区块链上完整的交易历史，

not just on one computer but across millions of computers,

并不只是破解一台电脑，

而是要同时破解数亿台电脑，

simultaneously,

all using the highest levels of encryption,

它们都使用着最高级别的加密技术，

in the light of the most powerful computing resource in the world

世界上最强大的计算资源

that's watching me.

正在监视着我。

Tough to do.

几乎不可能的任务。

This is infinitely more secure

比起我们现有的计算机系统，

than the computer systems that we have today.

这绝对要安全得多。

Blockchain. That's how it works.

区块链，这就是它工作的原理。

So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one.

而比特币的区块链只是其中之一。

There are many.

还有许多种类。

The Ethereum blockchain was developed by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.

以太坊区块链由加拿大人维塔利·布塔林开发。

He's [22] years old,

他只有19岁。 （实际年龄应为22岁）

and this blockchain has some extraordinary capabilities.

这一区块链有一些无与伦比的特点。

One of them is that you can build smart contracts.

其中之一是你可以制定智能合约。

It's kind of what it sounds like.

它正如其名。

It's a contract that self-executes,

它是自我执行的合约，

and the contract handles the enforcement, the management, performance

合约负责处理强制措施，经营管理， 工作情况和支付方式，

and payment -- the contract kind of has a bank account, too, in a sense --

某种意义上来说，该合约也有一个银行账户，

of agreements between people.

是关于人们之间的协议。

And today, on the Ethereum blockchain,

如今，通过以太坊的区块链，

there are projects underway to do everything

有各种工程进行着各种任务，

from create a new replacement for the stock market

从创造新的股票市场的替代品，

to create a new model of democracy,

到创立一个政客对公民真正负责的

where politicians are accountable to citizens.

民主制度的新模型。

(Applause)

（掌声）

So to understand what a radical change this is going to bring,

所以为了理解 即将到来的突破性的改变，

let's look at one industry, financial services.

让我们看一个行业： 金融服务业。

Recognize this?

你们能否认出这是什么？

Rube Goldberg machine.

小题大做的机器。

It's a ridiculously complicated machine that does something really simple,

这台机器离奇地复杂， 工作却很简单，

like crack an egg or shut a door.

像是敲碎鸡蛋或是关上门等。

Well, it kind of reminds me of the financial services industry,

老实说，它使我想起了金融服务业。

honestly.

I mean, you tap your card in the corner store,

我的意思是，你在街角的商店刷了卡，

and a bitstream goes through a dozen companies,

一股比特流便穿过了好几家公司，

each with their own computer system,

每一家都有自己的计算机系统，

some of them being 1970s mainframes

其中还有一些20世纪70年代的主机，

older than many of the people in this room,

甚至比在座的各位还要老，

and three days later, a settlement occurs.

然后三天过后， 一份交易说明诞生了。

Well, with a blockchain financial industry,

好吧，金融业有了区块链，

there would be no settlement,

将不再会有交易说明，

because the payment and the settlement is the same activity,

因为交易和交易说明是同一种行为，

it's just a change in the ledger.

它只是在账本中有所不同。

So Wall Street and all around the world,

所以在华尔街或世界上所有地方，

the financial industry is in a big upheaval about this,

金融业正在巨变，

wondering, can we be replaced,

思考着自己是否会被取代，

or how do we embrace this technology for success?

或是如何正视技术迎接成功？

Now, why should you care?

现在为什么要在意呢？

Well, let me describe some applications.

让我来讲述几个应用吧。

Prosperity.

繁荣。

The first era of the internet,

互联网的第一个时代，

the internet of information,

信息的互联，

brought us wealth but not shared prosperity,

带给我们财富， 但是没有共享繁荣，

because social inequality is growing.

因为社会变得日趋不平等。

And this is at the heart of all of the anger and extremism

而这是所有的愤怒和极端主义的焦点，

and protectionism and xenophobia and worse

还导致了贸易保护主义，仇外心理等

that we're seeing growing in the world today,

现在我们见到的现象。

Brexit being the most recent case.

英国脱欧就是最近的例子。

So could we develop some new approaches to this problem of inequality?

我们能否针对这不平等的问题 想出一些新的解决方案？

Because the only approach today is to redistribute wealth,

因为现在唯一的方法就是 财富的再分配，

tax people and spread it around more.

征税来减小贫富差距。

Could we pre-distribute wealth?

我们能否对财富进行预先分配？

Could we change the way that wealth gets created in the first place

我们能否从源头上改变财富的创造方式，

by democratizing wealth creation,

通过民主化来进行财富创造，

engaging more people in the economy,

吸引更多的人参与经济，

and then ensuring that they got fair compensation?

并确保他们得到平等的报酬？

Let me describe five ways that this can be done.

我将有五点使其可行的方案。

Number one:

第一点：

Did you know that 70 percent of the people in the world who have land

你们知道世界上70%的土地所有者

只是拥有一个脆弱的名头？

have a tenuous title to it?

So, you've got a little farm in Honduras, some dictator comes to power,

你在洪都拉斯有个小农场， 当独裁者上台，

he says, "I know you've got a piece of paper that says you own your farm,

他说：“我知道你有一张纸 证明你拥有你的农场，

but the government computer says my friend owns your farm."

但是政府的计算机显示 我的朋友拥有你的农场。“

This happened on a mass scale in Honduras,

这种事在洪都拉斯屡见不鲜，

and this problem exists everywhere.

而这一问题也非常普遍。

Hernando de Soto, the great Latin American economist,

伟大的拉丁美洲经济学家 埃尔南多·德·索托，

says this is the number one issue in the world

把它列为经济流动性方面

in terms of economic mobility,

世界头号问题，

more important than having a bank account,

比起拥有一个银行账户更重要。

because if you don't have a valid title to your land,

因为倘若你对你的土地 没有有效的所有权，

you can't borrow against it,

你就无法用它来借贷，

and you can't plan for the future.

你就无法计划于未来。

So today, companies are working with governments

所以现在，公司正在与政府合作

to put land titles on a blockchain.

将土地所有权置于区块链中。

And once it's there, this is immutable.

一旦放置完成，它将不再改变。

You can't hack it.

你不能破解它。

This creates the conditions for prosperity

这样就为数亿人的繁荣

for potentially billions of people.

创造了可能的条件。

Secondly:

第二点：

a lot of writers talk about Uber

很多写手谈论起Uber

and Airbnb and TaskRabbit and Lyft and so on

Airbnb，TaskRabbit，Lyft等企业时，

as part of the sharing economy.

把他们当做了共享经济的一部分。

This is a very powerful idea,

这个想法很不错，

that peers can come together and create and share wealth.

个人也可以汇聚在一起 创造并共享财富。

My view is that ...

我的观点是

these companies are not really sharing.

这些公司并没有真正的共享。

In fact, they're successful precisely because they don't share.

实际上，他们的成功恰恰 是因为他们不共享。

They aggregate services together, and they sell them.

他们把服务汇集并加以出售。

What if, rather than Airbnb being a $25 billion corporation,

假如说Airbnb并不是 那家250亿美元的公司

there was a distributed application on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,

在区块链上有一个分布式的应用， 我们叫它B-Airbnb，

and it was essentially owned by all of the people

它从根本上属于

所有提供房间出租的人们。

who have a room to rent.

And when someone wants to rent a room,

当有人想租借一间房间，

they go onto the blockchain database and all the criteria,

他们进入区块链的数据库和标准库，

they sift through, it helps them find the right room,

他们细细筛选， 帮助他们找到合适的房间，

and then the blockchain helps with the contracting,

随后区块链帮助签订合约。

it identifies the party,

鉴定当事人，

it handles the payments

通过数字支付 解决支付问题，

just through digital payments -- they're built into the system.

这是系统内置的支付方式。

And it even handles reputation,

它甚至处理声誉问题，

because if she rates a room as a five-star room,

如果她给一间房间五星好评，

that room is there,

那么房间本身

and it's rated, and it's immutable.

和评价都已不可更改。

So, the big sharing-economy disruptors in Silicon Valley

所以硅谷共享制经济 的破坏者将不复存在。

could be disrupted,

and this would be good for prosperity.

这将有利于经济繁荣。

Number three:

第三点：

the biggest flow of funds from the developed world

从发达国家到发展中国家

to the developing world

规模最大的资金流动

is not corporate investment,

并不是公司投资，

and it's not even foreign aid.

甚至也不是外国援助，

It's remittances.

而是汇款。

This is the global diaspora;

这是散居在全球的人们，

people have left their ancestral lands,

离开了祖辈的土地，

and they're sending money back to their families at home.

他们把钱汇回家中。

This is 600 billion dollars a year, and it's growing,

一年会产生6000亿美元的汇款， 而且还在不断增加。

and these people are getting ripped off.

而且他们正在被剥削。

Analie Domingo is a housekeeper.

安娜丽·多明戈是位女管家。

She lives in Toronto,

她在多伦多生活，

and every month she goes to the Western Union office

每个月都会带着现金 来到西联汇款公司

with some cash

to send her remittances to her mom in Manila.

把钱汇给在马尼拉的妈妈。

It costs her around 10 percent;

手续费占了将近10%，

the money takes four to seven days to get there;

转账手续需要花费4到7天的时间，

her mom never knows when it's going to arrive.

她妈妈从来不知道到账的时间。

It takes five hours out of her week to do this.

每个礼拜她都要花五个小时来 检查是否到账。

Six months ago,

六个月前，

Analie Domingo used a blockchain application called Abra.

安娜丽·多明戈使用了一款 名叫阿布拉的区块链应用。

And from her mobile device, she sent 300 bucks.

她从自己的手机上 转出了300美元。

It went directly to her mom's mobile device

直接转入了她母亲的手机上

without going through an intermediary.

并没有经过中间商。

And then her mom looked at her mobile device --

她的母亲只需查看她的手机

it's kind of like an Uber interface, there's Abra "tellers" moving around.

有点像Uber的应用界面， 阿布拉中有”出纳员“在循环滚动。

She clicks on a teller that's a five-star teller,

她点击一个五星的出纳员，

who's seven minutes away.

只相隔7分钟的路程。

The guy shows up at the door, gives her Filipino pesos,

那位伙计很快出现在门口， 给了她菲律宾比索，

she puts them in her wallet.

随后把钱放进钱包。

The whole thing took minutes,

整个过程只需要几分钟时间，

and it cost her two percent.

并且花费只有2%。

This is a big opportunity for prosperity.

这是经济繁荣的巨大机遇。

Number four: the most powerful asset of the digital age is data.

第四点：数字时代 最强大的资产就是数据。

And data is really a new asset class,

数据是一种新的资产种类，

maybe bigger than previous asset classes,

也许比以前的资产种类更庞大，

like land under the agrarian economy,

就像农业经济下的土地，

or an industrial plant,

或是工厂，

or even money.

甚至是金钱。

And all of you -- we -- create this data.

是我们所有人，创造了这些数据。

We create this asset,

我们创造了这种资产，

and we leave this trail of digital crumbs behind us

在我们的数字生活中，

as we go throughout life.

留下了零碎的痕迹。

And these crumbs are collected into a mirror image of you,

这些痕迹汇聚成了你的镜像，

the virtual you.

一个虚拟的你。

And the virtual you may know more about you than you do,

虚拟的你也许比你还要了解你，

because you can't remember what you bought a year ago,

因为你并不一定记得一年前买了什么，

or said a year ago, or your exact location a year ago.

或是说了什么， 或者你一年前的准确位置。

And the virtual you is not owned by you --

而虚拟的你并不属于你，

that's the big problem.

那可是个大问题。

So today, there are companies working

所以现在有许多公司正致力于

to create an identity in a black box,

开发一个黑盒中的身份系统，

the virtual you owned by you.

属于你自己的虚拟的你。

And this black box moves around with you

这个黑盒会随着你移动，

as you travel throughout the world,

前往世界的每一个角落。

and it's very, very stingy.

它对你的隐私守口如瓶。

It only gives away the shred of information

它只会根据需要

透露一丁点的信息。

that's required to do something.

A lot of transactions,

有许多的交易，

the seller doesn't even need to know who you are.

卖家甚至不需要知道你是谁。

They just need to know that they got paid.

他们只要知道能拿到钱。

And then this avatar is sweeping up all of this data

于是这化身清除了所有数据

and enabling you to monetize it.

使你能够进行货币化。

And this is a wonderful thing,

这可真棒，

because it can also help us protect our privacy,

因为它也能保护我们的隐私，

and privacy is the foundation of a free society.

而隐私是自由社会的基础。

Let's get this asset that we create

让我们重新夺回我们创造的

back under our control,

这一资产的控制权。

where we can own our own identity

我们拥有我们自己的身份

and manage it responsibly.

并且进行负责的管理。

Finally --

最后

(Applause)

（掌声）

Finally, number five:

最后，第五点：

there are a whole number of creators of content

有许多内容的创造者

who don't receive fair compensation,

并没有得到公平的报酬，

because the system for intellectual property is broken.

因为知识产权系统遭到了损害。

It was broken by the first era of the internet.

在互联网的第一个时代就遭到损害。

Take music.

就拿音乐来说。

Musicians are left with crumbs at the end of the whole food chain.

音乐家们只在食物链的 末端获得一些残渣碎屑。

You know, if you were a songwriter, 25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,

在25年前，如果你是一个作曲家， 写出一首流行的歌曲，

it got a million singles,

卖出一百万首单曲，

you could get royalties of around 45,000 dollars.

你可以获得大约45000美元的报酬。

Today, you're a songwriter, you write a hit song,

而现在，作曲家的你 写出一首流行的歌曲，

it gets a million streams,

被百万次播放，

you don't get 45k,

你并不能得到45000美元，

you get 36 dollars,

你只能得到36美元，

enough to buy a nice pizza.

足以买一个不错的披萨了。

So Imogen Heap,

所以伊莫金·希普，

the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter,

一位荣获格莱美奖的创作歌手，

is now putting music on a blockchain ecosystem.

现在把音乐发表在一个 区块链的生态系统上。

She calls it "Mycelia."

她称其为”菌丝“。

And the music has a smart contract surrounding it.

其中的音乐有着智能协议。

And the music protects her intellectual property rights.

音乐保护着她的知识产权。

You want to listen to the song?

你想要听歌吗？

It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents that flow into a digital account.

它是免费的，或者会有 几分钱流入数字账户。

You want to put the song in your movie, that's different,

如果想要在电影中使用这首歌， 那就是另一回事了。

and the IP rights are all specified.

知识产权都有详细说明。

You want to make a ringtone? That's different.

你想要作为手机铃声？ 那也是另一码事。

She describes that the song becomes a business.

她描述道，歌曲成为了商业。

It's out there on this platform marketing itself,

在这个平台上歌曲实现了商业化，

protecting the rights of the author,

保护了作者的权利。

and because the song has a payment system

并且因为歌曲采用了一种

类似于银行账户的支付系统，

in the sense of bank account,

all the money flows back to the artist,

所有的钱都会到艺术家的手中，

and they control the industry,

他们掌控了行业，

rather than these powerful intermediaries.

而不是由那些强大的中间商所控制。

Now, this is --

现在

(Applause)

（掌声）

This is not just songwriters,

不仅仅是歌曲作家，

it's any creator of content,

任何形式的创作活动，

like art,

比如美术，

like inventions,

比如发明，

scientific discoveries, journalists.

科学发现，新闻记者。

There are all kinds of people who don't get fair compensation,

各行各业的没有得到公平报酬的人，

and with blockchains,

而有了区块链，

they're going to be able to make it rain on the blockchain.

他们将在区块链上得到滋润。

And that's a wonderful thing.

那样可真棒。

So, these are five opportunities

这只是十几种机遇中的5种，

out of a dozen

to solve one problem, prosperity,

来解决一个问题：繁荣。

which is one of countless problems

区块链可以应用于无数问题，

that blockchains are applicable to.

它只是其中之一。

Now, technology doesn't create prosperity, of course -- people do.

当然，科技不创造繁荣， 而是由人创造。

But my case to you is that, once again,

但是我只是再次表示，

the technology genie has escaped from the bottle,

科技的精灵已从瓶中逃出，

and it was summoned by an unknown person or persons

受到一位或几位不知名的人士召唤

at this uncertain time in human history,

在人类历史上这个不确定的阶段，

and it's giving us another kick at the can,

它给了我们一次尝试，

another opportunity to rewrite the economic power grid

另一个改写经济权利网络

and the old order of things,

和旧秩序的机会

and solve some of the world's most difficult problems,

并且只要我们愿意，

可以解决一些世界上最麻烦的问题。

if we will it.

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）