How the blockchain is changing money and business | Don Tapscott

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: Wilde Luo

The technology likely to have the greatest impact

能在接下來的幾十年中

帶給我們重大的影響的科技，

on the next few decades

has arrived.

已經來臨了。

And it's not social media.

但它不是社交媒體，

It's not big data.

不是大數據，

It's not robotics.

也不是機器人，

It's not even AI.

更不是人工智慧。

You'll be surprised to learn

各位將會很驚訝地發現，

that it's the underlying technology of digital currencies like Bitcoin.

那就是數位貨幣如 Bitcoin 所基於的根本技術──

It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.

我們稱它為「區塊鍊」， 「區塊──鍊」。

Now, it's not the most sonorous word in the world,

它現在雖然名氣不是很響亮，

but I believe that this is now

但我相信它會是

the next generation of the internet,

下一世代的網際網路，

and that it holds vast promise for every business, every society

而且它很有希望可以為 每個企業、社會、

and for all of you, individually.

個人帶來很多好處。

You know, for the past few decades, we've had the internet of information.

過去幾十年，我們有資訊網路。

And when I send you an email or a PowerPoint file or something,

當我寄一封電子郵件或者一份幻燈片 或者某樣東西給你時，

I'm actually not sending you the original,

我實際上寄給你的不是原創版本，

I'm sending you a copy.

而是一份副本。

And that's great.

這樣很好，

This is democratized information.

這是大眾化的資訊。

But when it comes to assets --

但當我們談到資產時──

things like money,

比如說金錢，

financial assets like stocks and bonds,

或是金融資產的股票、債劵、

loyalty points, intellectual property,

紅利積點、知識產權、

music, art, a vote,

音樂、藝術、投票權、

carbon credit and other assets --

碳排信用額度和其他資產──

sending you a copy is a really bad idea.

寄一個副本給你， 的確不是甚麼好事，

If I send you 100 dollars,

如果我要寄 100 美元的資產給你，

it's really important that I don't still have the money --

重要的是實際上我卻沒有這筆資產，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

and that I can't send it to you.

所以我不能寄給你，

This has been called the "double-spend" problem

這就是密碼學家長期以來稱之為

by cryptographers for a long time.

「雙重支付」的問題，

So today, we rely entirely on big intermediaries --

時至今日，我們依然完全 仰賴大型的中間機構──

middlemen like banks, government,

像是銀行、政府、

big social media companies, credit card companies and so on --

大型社交媒體公司、 信用卡公司……等等，

to establish trust in our economy.

讓他們在我們的經濟活動中 建立信用關係。

And these intermediaries perform all the business and transaction logic

而這些中間機構在 各種商業行為及交易過程中，

of every kind of commerce,

扮演了重要的角色，

from authentication, identification of people,

從個人的信用審核到身分辨識、

through to clearing, settling and record keeping.

從清賬到結算以及交易記錄的保存。

And overall, they do a pretty good job.

整體而言，它們表現得很不錯，

But there are growing problems.

但之後問題也越來越多了。

To begin, they're centralized.

從一開始，它們就是中心化的。

That means they can be hacked, and increasingly are --

這也意味著，它們可以被駭客入侵， 而且還有增加的趨勢──

JP Morgan, the US Federal Government,

JP 摩根、美國聯邦政府、

LinkedIn, Home Depot and others

LinkedIn、家得寶……等等，

found that out the hard way.

簡直防不勝防。

They exclude billions of people from the global economy,

它們也把好幾百萬人 屏除在全球經濟活動之外，

for example, people who don't have enough money

比如，錢不夠的人

to have a bank account.

不能在銀行開戶。

They slow things down.

它們浪費了很多時間。

It can take a second for an email to go around the world,

你發一封信到世界任何一個角落， 只要幾秒鐘的時間，

but it can take days or weeks

但透過銀行體系， 卻得要好幾天或幾個禮拜，

for money to move through the banking system across a city.

才能把錢從一個城市 轉到另一個城市，

And they take a big piece of the action --

而且它們所費不貲──

10 to 20 percent just to send money to another country.

只是把錢轉到另一個國家， 就要收取 10~20% 的費用。

They capture our data,

他們手中握著我們所有的資料，

and that means we can't monetize it

這也意味著，這筆資料不能變現

or use it to better manage our lives.

或者用它來改善我們的生活。

Our privacy is being undermined.

我們的隱私被侵犯了。

And the biggest problem is that overall,

但最大的問題是，

they've appropriated the largesse of the digital age asymmetrically:

它們不對稱地挪用 數位化時代的無形資產：

we have wealth creation, but we have growing social inequality.

我們的財富雖然增加了， 但社會的不公也跟著增加。

So what if there were not only an internet of information,

所以，如果我們不僅是有資訊網路，

what if there were an internet of value --

要是還有價值網路，那又會如何呢？

some kind of vast, global, distributed ledger

比如說像是大型的全球記帳本，

running on millions of computers

由好幾百萬台的電腦來運作，

and available to everybody.

而且每個人都可以使用。

And where every kind of asset, from money to music,

各種類型的資產，從金錢到音樂，

could be stored, moved, transacted, exchanged and managed,

都不用透過中間機構的介入， 就能儲存、移動、交易、交換、管理，

all without powerful intermediaries?

那會如何呢？

What if there were a native medium for value?

要是有一個價值的 天然媒介那該有多好？

Well, in 2008, the financial industry crashed

果然，2008 年的金融海嘯，

and, perhaps propitiously,

也許是因為這樣的時空背景，

an anonymous person or persons named Satoshi Nakamoto

一位匿名叫「中本聰」的人或團體，

created a paper where he developed a protocol for a digital cash

創造了數位現金協議的白皮書，

that used an underlying cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.

運用在一個叫做比特幣的 加密電子貨幣上。

And this cryptocurrency enabled people to establish trust and do transactions

這個加密電子貨幣讓人們可以

不用透過第三方 就能建立信任、直接進行交易。

without a third party.

And this seemingly simple act set off a spark

而這看似一個簡單的動作， 引起了很大的迴響，

that ignited the world,

在世界上很多地方，造成了轟動，

that has everyone excited or terrified or otherwise interested

讓很多人不是興奮、害怕

就是感到有趣。

in many places.

Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin --

千萬不要誤會比特幣──

Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down,

比特幣僅是個資產， 價格會上上下下，

and that should be of interest to you if you're a speculator.

應該只有投機客會對它感興趣。

More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency.

更廣義地說， 它只是一種「加密電子貨幣」。

It's not a fiat currency controlled by a nation-state.

它不是由某一個國家 所控制的實體貨幣，

And that's of greater interest.

它有比較多的優點。

But the real pony here is the underlying technology.

但這項科技真正厲害的地方，

It's called blockchain.

就是它的「區塊鏈」技術。

So for the first time now in human history,

這是人類史上第一次，

people everywhere can trust each other

各地的人們可以互相信任

and transact peer to peer.

彼此點對點地處理事情（P2P）。

And trust is established, not by some big institution,

而這個信任的機制， 不是由一些大型機構所發佈的，

but by collaboration, by cryptography

而是由集體的加密方式

and by some clever code.

以運用一些頂尖的密碼學所組成的。

And because trust is native to the technology,

因為信任就是科技的天性。

I call this, "The Trust Protocol."

我稱它為「信任協議」。

Now, you're probably wondering: How does this thing work?

現在各位可能會想： 它到底是怎麼運作的？

Fair enough.

這很合理。

Assets -- digital assets like money to music and everything in between --

資產──數位資產，像是金錢、 音樂，這當中的所有東西──

are not stored in a central place,

並不是集中在一個中心地方存放著，

but they're distributed across a global ledger,

而是用最高級的密碼科技

using the highest level of cryptography.

存放在世界各地的帳本裡，

And when a transaction is conducted,

當一個交易產生時，

it's posted globally,

它就會被記錄在全球各地

across millions and millions of computers.

好幾百萬台的電腦裡面。

And out there, around the world,

此外，世界各地

is a group of people called "miners."

還有一群人被稱之為「礦工」的人。

These are not young people, they're Bitcoin miners.

他們不是年輕人， 他們是挖比特幣的礦工。

They have massive computing power at their fingertips --

他們的電腦有超強的運算能力

10 to 100 times bigger than all of Google worldwide.

比世界上所有的 Google 還要快 10 到 100 倍。

These miners do a lot of work.

這些礦工做了很多工作。

And every 10 minutes,

每 10 分鐘，就會有一個區塊產生，

kind of like the heartbeat of a network,

有點像是網路的心跳，

a block gets created

that has all the transactions from the previous 10 minutes.

每一個區塊記錄著 前 10 分鐘所有的交易。

Then the miners get to work, trying to solve some tough problems.

礦工就會嘗試著 去解決最困難的問題。

And they compete:

他們會互相競爭：

the first miner to find out the truth and to validate the block,

第一個找到真相並驗證區塊的礦工

is rewarded in digital currency,

就可以得到一個數位幣，

in the case of the Bitcoin blockchain, with Bitcoin.

以比特幣區塊鍊而言， 先找到的人就會得一個比特幣。

And then -- this is the key part --

之後，關鍵就在此，

that block is linked to the previous block

這個區塊會連結之前的區塊，

and the previous block

之前的區塊再連結之前的區塊，

to create a chain of blocks.

進而形成一個區塊鍊。

And every one is time-stamped,

每個人都是一個時間戳記

kind of like with a digital waxed seal.

有點像是數位封條。

So if I wanted to go and hack a block

所以如果我想駭進區塊

and, say, pay you and you with the same money,

比如說，用同樣一筆錢， 同時付給兩個人，

I'd have to hack that block,

我就必須駭進該區塊，

plus all the preceding blocks,

加上之前所有的區塊，

the entire history of commerce on that blockchain,

以及所有區塊鍊之前的 歷史交易記錄，

not just on one computer but across millions of computers,

而且不只一台電腦，

且必須同時駭進上百萬台的電腦，

simultaneously,

這些電腦都是使用 最高級的加密技術、

all using the highest levels of encryption,

in the light of the most powerful computing resource in the world

在全世界運算資源最強的環境下

that's watching me.

監視著我的一舉一動，

Tough to do.

太難了。

This is infinitely more secure

這比我們現今所有的 電腦系統還要嚴密。

than the computer systems that we have today.

Blockchain. That's how it works.

這就是區塊鍊運作的原理。

So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one.

比特幣區塊鍊僅是其中一個，

There are many.

還有很多其他的。

The Ethereum blockchain was developed by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.

以太坊區塊鍊是由一位 加拿大人所建立的，

名叫維塔利克·布特林。

He's [22] years old,

他現在 22 歲， （講者口誤，非 19 歲）

and this blockchain has some extraordinary capabilities.

這個區塊鍊有一些神奇的功能。

One of them is that you can build smart contracts.

其中一個是，

你可以在這個平台上建立智能合約。

It's kind of what it sounds like.

正如其名，

It's a contract that self-executes,

它是一份可以自我執行的合約，

and the contract handles the enforcement, the management, performance

它有強制性、管理與執行的能力

and payment -- the contract kind of has a bank account, too, in a sense --

還有付款能力──某種程度而言， 合約本身也像是個銀行帳戶──

of agreements between people.

可以處理人與人之間的約定，

And today, on the Ethereum blockchain,

目前，在以太坊區塊鍊下，

there are projects underway to do everything

已經有很多專案正在進行，

from create a new replacement for the stock market

從股票市場新的替代方案

to create a new model of democracy,

到新民主模式的創建，

where politicians are accountable to citizens.

在這些模式下，政治人物 是需要為人民負責的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So to understand what a radical change this is going to bring,

所以為了要讓各位了解， 區塊鍊將帶來甚麼樣的大改變，

let's look at one industry, financial services.

我們先從金融服務業開始講起。

Recognize this?

認得出這是甚麼嗎？

Rube Goldberg machine.

魯布·戈德堡機械。

It's a ridiculously complicated machine that does something really simple,

這是一部複雜到不行的機械設備， 但它只會做一些簡單動作，

like crack an egg or shut a door.

像是打一顆蛋或關一扇門。

Well, it kind of reminds me of the financial services industry,

它讓我聯想到現今的金融服務業，

honestly.

真的。

I mean, you tap your card in the corner store,

我的意思是， 你在轉角的一家商店刷卡，

and a bitstream goes through a dozen companies,

然後會有一串的數位資訊流，

each with their own computer system,

流穿過好幾家公司的電腦，

some of them being 1970s mainframes

有些電腦系統的主機 都還是 1970 年代的，

older than many of the people in this room,

比在場很多人都還要來的老，

and three days later, a settlement occurs.

三天後，清算完成了。

Well, with a blockchain financial industry,

對金融產業的區塊鍊而言，

there would be no settlement,

根本沒有清算這回事，

because the payment and the settlement is the same activity,

因為付款及清算是同一個動作，

it's just a change in the ledger.

它只是帳本上數字的變動。

So Wall Street and all around the world,

所以華爾街及全世界的金融市場，

the financial industry is in a big upheaval about this,

都相當關心這項科技的發展，

wondering, can we be replaced,

關心他們是否會被取代，

or how do we embrace this technology for success?

或者要如何擁抱這項科技 進而獲得成功？

Now, why should you care?

那，你為什麼要關心這件事？

Well, let me describe some applications.

好，我再描述一些 這項科技的其他應用。

Prosperity.

繁榮。

The first era of the internet,

第一世代的網際網路、

the internet of information,

資訊網路，

brought us wealth but not shared prosperity,

為我們帶來了財富， 但並不是共享的繁榮，

because social inequality is growing.

因為社會不平等也跟著成長。

And this is at the heart of all of the anger and extremism

而這陰影潛藏在 憤怒者與極端主義者的心理，

and protectionism and xenophobia and worse

因此我們會看到現今的世界， 充滿了保護主義、

that we're seeing growing in the world today,

排外主義等各種糟糕的現象，

Brexit being the most recent case.

英國脫歐就是最佳例子。

So could we develop some new approaches to this problem of inequality?

所以，我們可以發展一些方法 來解決不公平的問題嗎？

Because the only approach today is to redistribute wealth,

因為現今唯一的方法 就是財富重新分配、

tax people and spread it around more.

納稅機制的改革。

Could we pre-distribute wealth?

我們有可能就事先 就分配好財富嗎？

Could we change the way that wealth gets created in the first place

我們能否藉由財富增長大眾化、

by democratizing wealth creation,

吸引更多人參與經濟活動、

engaging more people in the economy,

確保他們得到公平的報酬等舉措

and then ensuring that they got fair compensation?

來改變財富起初的創造方式呢？

Let me describe five ways that this can be done.

我說明一下，有五種方式可以做到。

Number one:

第一：

Did you know that 70 percent of the people in the world who have land

各位知不知道， 世界上 70% 擁有土地的人，

have a tenuous title to it?

他們的土地權利有瑕疵呢？

So, you've got a little farm in Honduras, some dictator comes to power,

比如說，你在宏都拉斯有一塊小農地， 有一天，一些獨裁者當權，他們說

he says, "I know you've got a piece of paper that says you own your farm,

「我知道你有一張薄薄的紙 證明你擁有這塊土地，

but the government computer says my friend owns your farm."

但根據政府的電腦紀錄， 你這塊地是我朋友的。」

This happened on a mass scale in Honduras,

這種現象在宏都拉斯很常見，

and this problem exists everywhere.

這樣的問題，到處都有。

Hernando de Soto, the great Latin American economist,

埃爾南多·德·索托， 拉丁美洲最偉大的經濟學家，

says this is the number one issue in the world

他說，這是世上

就經濟流動性來說的頭號問題，

in terms of economic mobility,

more important than having a bank account,

比有銀行帳號還要重要，

because if you don't have a valid title to your land,

因為如果你的土地 沒有合法的權利證明，

you can't borrow against it,

你就不能用它抵押借貸，

and you can't plan for the future.

你不能為未來做打算。

So today, companies are working with governments

所以目前，已經有公司 開始協助政府，

to put land titles on a blockchain.

把土地權利放到區塊鍊裡面。

And once it's there, this is immutable.

一旦放進去了，就不能更動了。

You can't hack it.

你無法駭進去。

This creates the conditions for prosperity

這樣就能為好幾百萬人

for potentially billions of people.

創造出繁榮。

Secondly:

第二：

a lot of writers talk about Uber

有很多作家，提到 Uber、

and Airbnb and TaskRabbit and Lyft and so on

Airbnb、TaskRabbit、Lyft 等等

as part of the sharing economy.

說它們是屬於共享經濟的一部分。

This is a very powerful idea,

這些點子都很棒，

that peers can come together and create and share wealth.

大家一起創造共享財富。

My view is that ...

但我的看法是……

these companies are not really sharing.

這些公司並不是真正的共享。

In fact, they're successful precisely because they don't share.

實際上，他們會成功的原因 是因為他們不分享。

They aggregate services together, and they sell them.

他們把服務整合起來，然後賣掉。

What if, rather than Airbnb being a $25 billion corporation,

假設沒有價值 25 億美金的 Airbnb 公司，

there was a distributed application on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,

而是在區塊鍊上有一個分散式應用的 ──姑且稱之為 B-Airbnb，

and it was essentially owned by all of the people

基本上就是由有空房間的房東組成，

who have a room to rent.

And when someone wants to rent a room,

當有人要租房間的時候，

they go onto the blockchain database and all the criteria,

他們上區塊鍊上登記住房需求，

they sift through, it helps them find the right room,

過濾了一些條件，區塊鍊 幫他們找出他們想要的房間，

and then the blockchain helps with the contracting,

然後協助雙方做出合約、

it identifies the party,

驗證彼此的身分、

it handles the payments

還能處理付款流程──

just through digital payments -- they're built into the system.

只要透過他們在系統上 建立的數位付款方式，

And it even handles reputation,

甚至也能處理評價問題，

because if she rates a room as a five-star room,

因為如果客戶給 5 顆星，

that room is there,

那個房間就在那裡，

and it's rated, and it's immutable.

而且評過星，不能更改。

So, the big sharing-economy disruptors in Silicon Valley

所以，矽谷裡以共享經濟 顛覆傳統經濟型態的大型公司

是有可能被消滅的，

could be disrupted,

and this would be good for prosperity.

而這對繁榮才是好的。

Number three:

第三：

the biggest flow of funds from the developed world

從已開發國家到發展中國家的

to the developing world

最大的資金流

is not corporate investment,

不是企業的投資，

and it's not even foreign aid.

也不是國際支援。

It's remittances.

是匯款。

This is the global diaspora;

這群散佈在全球的海外僑民，

people have left their ancestral lands,

他們離開了故鄉，

and they're sending money back to their families at home.

把在海外賺來的錢，匯回到家裡。

This is 600 billion dollars a year, and it's growing,

平均一年有 6000 億美金， 而且還在持續成長，

and these people are getting ripped off.

這些人簡直是被搶劫了。

Analie Domingo is a housekeeper.

阿奈兒多明戈是一位女管家，

She lives in Toronto,

她住在多倫多，

and every month she goes to the Western Union office

每個月她帶著現金， 去西聯匯款的辦公室，

with some cash

to send her remittances to her mom in Manila.

匯錢給她在馬尼拉家鄉的母親，

It costs her around 10 percent;

西聯會收取她 10％ 的手續費；

the money takes four to seven days to get there;

而且錢要 4~7 天才能匯到；

her mom never knows when it's going to arrive.

她母親永遠不知道錢甚麼時候會到，

It takes five hours out of her week to do this.

她每個禮拜要花五個小時 來處理這件事。

Six months ago,

六個月前，

Analie Domingo used a blockchain application called Abra.

阿奈兒多明戈用了一個叫 Abra 的區塊鍊的 App。

And from her mobile device, she sent 300 bucks.

她從她的手機寄了 300 塊

It went directly to her mom's mobile device

到她母親的手機裡面，

without going through an intermediary.

匯款過程完全沒有 透過任何中間機構。

And then her mom looked at her mobile device --

然後她母親查看她的手機──

it's kind of like an Uber interface, there's Abra "tellers" moving around.

它有點像 Uber 的介面，

螢幕上有很多 Abra 的 「出納員」跑來跑去。

She clicks on a teller that's a five-star teller,

她點選了一位距離她 7 分鐘遠的

who's seven minutes away.

五顆星出納員，

The guy shows up at the door, gives her Filipino pesos,

那個人出現在她家門口， 直接給她菲律賓幣，

she puts them in her wallet.

然後她直接把錢放口袋。

The whole thing took minutes,

整件事情前後不到幾分鐘，

and it cost her two percent.

只收她 2% 的手續費。

This is a big opportunity for prosperity.

這是人民繁榮興盛的好機會。

Number four: the most powerful asset of the digital age is data.

第四：在數位年代， 最有價值的資產就是數據。

And data is really a new asset class,

數據真的是一個全新的資產類別，

maybe bigger than previous asset classes,

也許比之前的資產類別還要大，

like land under the agrarian economy,

像是農業經濟之下的土地，

or an industrial plant,

或像是工業廠房、

or even money.

甚至是金錢。

And all of you -- we -- create this data.

數據是由你、我以及

We create this asset,

我們所有人共同創造出來的資產，

and we leave this trail of digital crumbs behind us

我們在日常生活中，

as we go throughout life.

留下了很多數位的足跡。

And these crumbs are collected into a mirror image of you,

而這些足跡匯集起來， 會變成鏡中影像的你，

the virtual you.

一個虛擬的你。

And the virtual you may know more about you than you do,

而這個虛擬的你， 甚至比你還了解你自己，

because you can't remember what you bought a year ago,

因為你根本記不起 你一年前買了什麼、說了什麼，

or said a year ago, or your exact location a year ago.

或者一年前，你在哪個地方。

And the virtual you is not owned by you --

而這個虛擬的你， 並不是由你所持有的──

that's the big problem.

這是個大問題。

So today, there are companies working

所以目前，已經有公司開始創造

to create an identity in a black box,

一種記錄身分的黑盒子，

the virtual you owned by you.

一種由你個人所擁有的虛擬的你。

And this black box moves around with you

當你到世界各地旅行的時候，

as you travel throughout the world,

這個黑盒子會跟在你身邊，

and it's very, very stingy.

而且它非常非常「吝嗇」。

It only gives away the shred of information

當你要做交易時，

它只會給出少量的必要的資訊。

that's required to do something.

A lot of transactions,

有很多交易，

the seller doesn't even need to know who you are.

賣家根本不需要認識你。

They just need to know that they got paid.

他們只要知道他們有收到錢就好了。

And then this avatar is sweeping up all of this data

之後這個化身 會把這些信息全部清空，

and enabling you to monetize it.

讓你可以兌現交易。

And this is a wonderful thing,

這是件很棒的事情，

because it can also help us protect our privacy,

因為它可以幫助我們 保護我們的隱私，

and privacy is the foundation of a free society.

而隱私就是自由社會的基石。

Let's get this asset that we create

讓我們把這個資產的控制權

back under our control,

要回來，

where we can own our own identity

讓我們自己擁有自己的身分記錄

and manage it responsibly.

讓我們自己管理它。

Finally --

最後──

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Finally, number five:

最後，第五：

there are a whole number of creators of content

有很多的內容創作家，

who don't receive fair compensation,

並沒有得到相對應的公平報償，

because the system for intellectual property is broken.

因為智慧財產權系統被破壞了。

It was broken by the first era of the internet.

第一代的網際網路破壞了這個系統。

Take music.

例如，音樂。

Musicians are left with crumbs at the end of the whole food chain.

音樂家在整個產業的食物鏈裡， 幾乎是被遺棄的。

You know, if you were a songwriter, 25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,

各位應該知道，如果你是位作曲家， 25 年前，你寫了一首相當熱賣的歌，

it got a million singles,

專輯賣了 100 萬張，

you could get royalties of around 45,000 dollars.

你大概會有 45000 美元的版費。

Today, you're a songwriter, you write a hit song,

但現在，你寫了一首流行歌，

it gets a million streams,

有 100 萬的流覽量，

you don't get 45k,

你拿不到 45000 美元，

you get 36 dollars,

你只能拿到 36 美元，

enough to buy a nice pizza.

只夠買個還不錯的披薩。

So Imogen Heap,

所以，伊莫珍·希普

the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter,

葛來美獎的歌手兼創作家，

is now putting music on a blockchain ecosystem.

已經開始把音樂 放進區塊鍊生態系統。

She calls it "Mycelia."

她稱它叫「Mycelia」（菌絲）。

And the music has a smart contract surrounding it.

那些音樂有綁定一份智能合約。

And the music protects her intellectual property rights.

這樣她的音樂智慧財產權 就能被保護起來。

You want to listen to the song?

你想聽歌嗎？

It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents that flow into a digital account.

它是免費的，或者只需要往 電子賬戶裡打幾毛錢。

You want to put the song in your movie, that's different,

你想把歌放進你的電影， 那就不同了，

and the IP rights are all specified.

智慧財產權都是有約束性的。

You want to make a ringtone? That's different.

你想要把它弄成手機鈴聲？那也不同。

She describes that the song becomes a business.

她說，歌曲本身變成了一門生意。

It's out there on this platform marketing itself,

你把音樂放在平台上， 它自己就會開始賺錢，

protecting the rights of the author,

保護創作者的權利，

and because the song has a payment system

因為音樂本身在銀行帳戶的 辨識系統下，有支付功能，

in the sense of bank account,

all the money flows back to the artist,

所有的錢都會回流到藝術家身上，

and they control the industry,

由藝術家來控制產業，

rather than these powerful intermediaries.

而不是那些強勢中間媒介。

Now, this is --

如今……

(Applause)

（掌聲）

This is not just songwriters,

不僅只有詞曲創作家，

it's any creator of content,

任何內容創作者，

like art,

像是美術，

like inventions,

發明、

scientific discoveries, journalists.

科學發現、新聞工作者。

There are all kinds of people who don't get fair compensation,

那些以前沒有得到合理公平待遇的人，

and with blockchains,

用了區塊鍊技術，

they're going to be able to make it rain on the blockchain.

他們就能如魚得水地赚錢。

And that's a wonderful thing.

這是很棒的事。

So, these are five opportunities

除了這五個機會，

out of a dozen

還有其它的，

to solve one problem, prosperity,

都是為了要解決一個問題，「繁榮」，

which is one of countless problems

這只是區塊鍊 可以解決的無數問題之一。

that blockchains are applicable to.

Now, technology doesn't create prosperity, of course -- people do.

當然，不是科技創造了繁榮， 是人創造的，

But my case to you is that, once again,

但我要提醒各位，我再說一遍，

the technology genie has escaped from the bottle,

科技精靈已經逃離了枷鎖，

and it was summoned by an unknown person or persons

在人類歷史上的這某個時間 被某些未知的人或團體召喚出來了，

at this uncertain time in human history,

and it's giving us another kick at the can,

這次的改變給予了我們 再次嘗試去改善的機會，

another opportunity to rewrite the economic power grid

另一次重繪經濟權力版圖的機會，

and the old order of things,

改寫舊思維的機會，

and solve some of the world's most difficult problems,

並且可以解決世界上 一些最困難的問題，

if we will it.

如果我們願意的話。

Thank you.

感謝各位。

(Applause)

（掌聲）