How the blockchain is changing money and business | Don Tapscott

5,021,539 views ใƒป 2016-09-16

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The technology likely to have the greatest impact
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:16
on the next few decades
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ืขืœ ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
00:18
has arrived.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื”.
00:19
And it's not social media.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
00:22
It's not big data.
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ืืœื” ืœื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
00:23
It's not robotics.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
00:25
It's not even AI.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
00:27
You'll be surprised to learn
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ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
00:29
that it's the underlying technology of digital currencies like Bitcoin.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ.
00:34
It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:38
Now, it's not the most sonorous word in the world,
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:42
but I believe that this is now
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
00:44
the next generation of the internet,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
00:47
and that it holds vast promise for every business, every society
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืกืง, ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”
00:51
and for all of you, individually.
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ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
00:54
You know, for the past few decades, we've had the internet of information.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
00:59
And when I send you an email or a PowerPoint file or something,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืื•ืืจ ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•,
01:03
I'm actually not sending you the original,
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™,
01:05
I'm sending you a copy.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ื”ืขืชืง.
01:07
And that's great.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
01:08
This is democratized information.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
01:12
But when it comes to assets --
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื -
01:15
things like money,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืกืฃ,
01:17
financial assets like stocks and bonds,
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ื ื›ืกื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘,
01:20
loyalty points, intellectual property,
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ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™,
01:23
music, art, a vote,
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ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”,
01:26
carbon credit and other assets --
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ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืคื—ืžื ื™, ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื -
01:29
sending you a copy is a really bad idea.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื›ื ืขื•ืชืง ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืจืข.
01:32
If I send you 100 dollars,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื 100 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
01:34
it's really important that I don't still have the money --
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ -
01:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:38
and that I can't send it to you.
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื›ื ืื•ืชื•.
01:40
This has been called the "double-spend" problem
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงืจื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช "ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื”"
01:42
by cryptographers for a long time.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
01:45
So today, we rely entirely on big intermediaries --
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ืื– ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื -
01:50
middlemen like banks, government,
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ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœื”,
01:53
big social media companies, credit card companies and so on --
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื” -
01:56
to establish trust in our economy.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:59
And these intermediaries perform all the business and transaction logic
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ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช
02:04
of every kind of commerce,
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ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกื—ืจ,
02:06
from authentication, identification of people,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:09
through to clearing, settling and record keeping.
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ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืœื•ืง, ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื
02:13
And overall, they do a pretty good job.
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ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ื™.
02:15
But there are growing problems.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.
02:17
To begin, they're centralized.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ื ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื™ื.
02:19
That means they can be hacked, and increasingly are --
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ -
02:22
JP Morgan, the US Federal Government,
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ื’'ื™ื™ ืคื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
02:25
LinkedIn, Home Depot and others
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ืœื™ื ืงื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืคื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
02:26
found that out the hard way.
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ื’ื™ืœื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื”.
02:28
They exclude billions of people from the global economy,
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ื”ื ืคืกืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
02:32
for example, people who don't have enough money
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
02:34
to have a bank account.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง.
02:36
They slow things down.
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ื”ื ืžืื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘.
02:38
It can take a second for an email to go around the world,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื— ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:42
but it can take days or weeks
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
02:44
for money to move through the banking system across a city.
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ืœื›ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืœืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
02:48
And they take a big piece of the action --
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ื•ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื ืชื— ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื”
02:50
10 to 20 percent just to send money to another country.
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10 ืขื“ 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
02:54
They capture our data,
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ื”ื ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:55
and that means we can't monetize it
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื
02:57
or use it to better manage our lives.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:00
Our privacy is being undermined.
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ืคื’ืขืช.
03:03
And the biggest problem is that overall,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ,
03:06
they've appropriated the largesse of the digital age asymmetrically:
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืงื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื ื“ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™:
03:11
we have wealth creation, but we have growing social inequality.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ.
03:17
So what if there were not only an internet of information,
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื”, ืœื ืจืง ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
03:21
what if there were an internet of value --
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš -
03:24
some kind of vast, global, distributed ledger
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ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืžื•ืคืฆืช
03:28
running on millions of computers
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ืžื•ืจืฆืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
03:30
and available to everybody.
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ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื.
03:32
And where every kind of asset, from money to music,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืก, ืžื›ืกืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื”,
03:36
could be stored, moved, transacted, exchanged and managed,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ, ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ, ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข, ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื•ืžื ื•ื”ืœ,
03:42
all without powerful intermediaries?
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ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”?
03:45
What if there were a native medium for value?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจืš?
03:50
Well, in 2008, the financial industry crashed
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื”ืชืจืกืงื”
03:54
and, perhaps propitiously,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:57
an anonymous person or persons named Satoshi Nakamoto
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ืื“ื ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืกื˜ื•ืฉื™ ื ืงืžื•ื˜ื•
04:03
created a paper where he developed a protocol for a digital cash
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ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืžืš ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื— ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืกืฃ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
04:10
that used an underlying cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.
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ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ.
04:14
And this cryptocurrency enabled people to establish trust and do transactions
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ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืกืก ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช
04:20
without a third party.
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ืœืœื ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
04:21
And this seemingly simple act set off a spark
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ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ
04:25
that ignited the world,
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:27
that has everyone excited or terrified or otherwise interested
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ืฉืจื™ื’ืฉ ืื• ื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื
04:33
in many places.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.
04:34
Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ -
04:36
Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down,
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ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืก; ื–ื” ื ืข ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”,
04:39
and that should be of interest to you if you're a speculator.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื›ื ืื ืืชื ืกืคืงื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื.
04:43
More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ.
04:45
It's not a fiat currency controlled by a nation-state.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืคื™ืื˜ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืœืื•ื,
04:49
And that's of greater interest.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:51
But the real pony here is the underlying technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
04:54
It's called blockchain.
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ืฉื ืงืจืื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ
04:57
So for the first time now in human history,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
05:01
people everywhere can trust each other
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”
05:03
and transact peer to peer.
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ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืขื ืจืขื”ื•.
05:07
And trust is established, not by some big institution,
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ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
05:11
but by collaboration, by cryptography
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืคื ื”
05:14
and by some clever code.
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืงื•ื“ ื—ื›ื.
05:16
And because trust is native to the technology,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
05:20
I call this, "The Trust Protocol."
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื”, "ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช."
05:22
Now, you're probably wondering: How does this thing work?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื:
05:25
Fair enough.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
05:28
Assets -- digital assets like money to music and everything in between --
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ื ื›ืกื™ื - ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื -
05:33
are not stored in a central place,
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ืื™ื ื ืžืื•ื—ืกื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
05:35
but they're distributed across a global ledger,
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ืืœื ื”ื ืžื•ืคืฆื™ื ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
05:37
using the highest level of cryptography.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืžืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:40
And when a transaction is conducted,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืขืกืงื”,
05:43
it's posted globally,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืจืกืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
05:45
across millions and millions of computers.
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
05:49
And out there, around the world,
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ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:51
is a group of people called "miners."
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ื™ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื "ื›ื•ืจื™ื."
05:53
These are not young people, they're Bitcoin miners.
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ืืœื” ืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื›ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ.
05:57
They have massive computing power at their fingertips --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื -
06:00
10 to 100 times bigger than all of Google worldwide.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 10 ืขื“ 100 ืž Google ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:05
These miners do a lot of work.
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ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
06:08
And every 10 minutes,
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ื•ื›ืœ 10 ื“ืงื•ืช,
06:09
kind of like the heartbeat of a network,
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ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช,
06:11
a block gets created
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง
06:14
that has all the transactions from the previous 10 minutes.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืž 10 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช.
06:17
Then the miners get to work, trying to solve some tough problems.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
06:22
And they compete:
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื:
06:24
the first miner to find out the truth and to validate the block,
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืžืืžืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง,
06:28
is rewarded in digital currency,
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ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
06:30
in the case of the Bitcoin blockchain, with Bitcoin.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ.
06:34
And then -- this is the key part --
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ื•ืื– -- ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ --
06:36
that block is linked to the previous block
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ื‘ืœื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื
06:38
and the previous block
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ื•ืœื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื
06:40
to create a chain of blocks.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื.
06:43
And every one is time-stamped,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืชื ื–ืžืŸ,
06:44
kind of like with a digital waxed seal.
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืชื ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื•ืชื ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
06:47
So if I wanted to go and hack a block
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ืื– ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง
06:49
and, say, pay you and you with the same money,
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ื•ื ืืžืจ, ืœืฉืœื ืœืš ื•ืœืš ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ,
06:54
I'd have to hack that block,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ื,
06:55
plus all the preceding blocks,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื,
06:57
the entire history of commerce on that blockchain,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื”ื™ื,
07:00
not just on one computer but across millions of computers,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื—ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
07:04
simultaneously,
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ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
07:06
all using the highest levels of encryption,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื ื”,
07:09
in the light of the most powerful computing resource in the world
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ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:12
that's watching me.
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ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื™.
07:13
Tough to do.
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ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:15
This is infinitely more secure
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ื–ื” ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—
07:17
than the computer systems that we have today.
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ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:20
Blockchain. That's how it works.
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ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:23
So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื—ื“.
07:25
There are many.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
07:26
The Ethereum blockchain was developed by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.
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ื”ืืชืจืื•ื ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ืง.
07:31
He's [22] years old,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 19,
07:33
and this blockchain has some extraordinary capabilities.
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ื•ืœื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช
07:38
One of them is that you can build smart contracts.
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
07:41
It's kind of what it sounds like.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข.
07:43
It's a contract that self-executes,
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืฆืžื™,
07:45
and the contract handles the enforcement, the management, performance
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข
07:50
and payment -- the contract kind of has a bank account, too, in a sense --
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ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื -- ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง, ื’ื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ -
07:55
of agreements between people.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:57
And today, on the Ethereum blockchain,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืชืจืื•ื ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ
08:00
there are projects underway to do everything
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ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ
08:02
from create a new replacement for the stock market
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช
08:05
to create a new model of democracy,
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
08:07
where politicians are accountable to citizens.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
08:10
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
08:14
So to understand what a radical change this is going to bring,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื,
08:18
let's look at one industry, financial services.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื.
08:21
Recognize this?
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ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
08:23
Rube Goldberg machine.
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ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’.
08:25
It's a ridiculously complicated machine that does something really simple,
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ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื—ื•ืš ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
08:28
like crack an egg or shut a door.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ื“ืœืช.
08:31
Well, it kind of reminds me of the financial services industry,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื
08:35
honestly.
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ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
08:36
I mean, you tap your card in the corner store,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,ืืชื” ืžืงื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœืš ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื™ื ื”,
08:39
and a bitstream goes through a dozen companies,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืกื˜ืจื™ื (ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™) ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืชืจื™ืกืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
08:42
each with their own computer system,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื”,
08:45
some of them being 1970s mainframes
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ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืž 1970
08:47
older than many of the people in this room,
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ื–ืงืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื,
08:50
and three days later, a settlement occurs.
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ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื“ืจ ืงื•ืจื”.
08:53
Well, with a blockchain financial industry,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ,
08:57
there would be no settlement,
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื“ืจ,
08:58
because the payment and the settlement is the same activity,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืื•ืชื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”,
09:01
it's just a change in the ledger.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื ืงืก ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช.
09:04
So Wall Street and all around the world,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜,ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
09:06
the financial industry is in a big upheaval about this,
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืคืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
09:09
wondering, can we be replaced,
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ื•ืžืฉืชืื”, ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืคื™ื,
09:11
or how do we embrace this technology for success?
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ืื• ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœืฉื ื”ืฆืœื—ื”?
09:15
Now, why should you care?
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ื›ืขืช, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืื›ืคืช?
09:18
Well, let me describe some applications.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืืจ ื›ืžื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.
09:21
Prosperity.
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ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’.
09:23
The first era of the internet,
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ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
09:25
the internet of information,
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
09:26
brought us wealth but not shared prosperity,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
09:30
because social inequality is growing.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ.
09:32
And this is at the heart of all of the anger and extremism
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืขืก ื•ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช
09:36
and protectionism and xenophobia and worse
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ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ืงืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื”
09:40
that we're seeing growing in the world today,
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:43
Brexit being the most recent case.
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ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืงืกื™ื˜ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:46
So could we develop some new approaches to this problem of inequality?
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ืื– ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื— ื›ืžื” ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ?
09:52
Because the only approach today is to redistribute wealth,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ,
09:56
tax people and spread it around more.
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ืœืžืกื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:58
Could we pre-distribute wealth?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ?
10:01
Could we change the way that wealth gets created in the first place
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”
10:04
by democratizing wealth creation,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืฉืจ,
10:07
engaging more people in the economy,
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ืœืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
10:09
and then ensuring that they got fair compensation?
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ?
10:13
Let me describe five ways that this can be done.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืืจ ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
10:16
Number one:
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ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“:
10:18
Did you know that 70 percent of the people in the world who have land
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ื›ื™ 70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจืงืข
10:23
have a tenuous title to it?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•?
10:25
So, you've got a little farm in Honduras, some dictator comes to power,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ื•ื•ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก, ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
10:29
he says, "I know you've got a piece of paper that says you own your farm,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชืš,
10:32
but the government computer says my friend owns your farm."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™."
10:36
This happened on a mass scale in Honduras,
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก,
10:39
and this problem exists everywhere.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
10:42
Hernando de Soto, the great Latin American economist,
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ื”ืจื ื ื“ื• ื“ื” ืกื•ื˜ื•, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
10:45
says this is the number one issue in the world
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
10:47
in terms of economic mobility,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
10:48
more important than having a bank account,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง,
10:50
because if you don't have a valid title to your land,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชืš,
10:53
you can't borrow against it,
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ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ื”,
10:55
and you can't plan for the future.
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ื•ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
10:57
So today, companies are working with governments
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
11:01
to put land titles on a blockchain.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ.
11:03
And once it's there, this is immutable.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื” ืฉื, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
11:06
You can't hack it.
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื•.
11:08
This creates the conditions for prosperity
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื•ื’
11:11
for potentially billions of people.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื .
11:14
Secondly:
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ืฉื ื™ืช:
11:16
a lot of writers talk about Uber
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ Uber
11:18
and Airbnb and TaskRabbit and Lyft and so on
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ื•-Airbnb ื•- TaskRabbit ื• -Lyft ื•ื›ื•'
11:21
as part of the sharing economy.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœื›ืœืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
11:24
This is a very powerful idea,
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“,
11:25
that peers can come together and create and share wealth.
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืขื•ืฉืจ.
11:29
My view is that ...
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ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื ...
11:31
these companies are not really sharing.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืชืคื•ืช.
11:35
In fact, they're successful precisely because they don't share.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื.
11:39
They aggregate services together, and they sell them.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
11:43
What if, rather than Airbnb being a $25 billion corporation,
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ืžื” ืื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื Airbnb ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœ 25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
11:48
there was a distributed application on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,
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ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืœื• B-Airbnb,
11:54
and it was essentially owned by all of the people
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
11:58
who have a room to rent.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื“ืจ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ.
12:00
And when someone wants to rent a room,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืจ,
12:03
they go onto the blockchain database and all the criteria,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ,
12:07
they sift through, it helps them find the right room,
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• , ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื,
12:09
and then the blockchain helps with the contracting,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื,
12:12
it identifies the party,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
12:14
it handles the payments
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ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื
12:15
just through digital payments -- they're built into the system.
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ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื - ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
12:19
And it even handles reputation,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ,
12:20
because if she rates a room as a five-star room,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื—ื“ืจ ื›ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
12:24
that room is there,
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ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื,
12:26
and it's rated, and it's immutable.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
12:29
So, the big sharing-economy disruptors in Silicon Valley
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืžืฉื‘ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ
12:34
could be disrupted,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข,
12:36
and this would be good for prosperity.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื’ืฉื•ื’.
12:38
Number three:
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ:
12:40
the biggest flow of funds from the developed world
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ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—
12:42
to the developing world
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
12:44
is not corporate investment,
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ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช,
12:46
and it's not even foreign aid.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื•ืฅ.
12:49
It's remittances.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.
12:52
This is the global diaspora;
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ื–ื• ื”ืคื–ื•ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช;
12:54
people have left their ancestral lands,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
12:56
and they're sending money back to their families at home.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
13:00
This is 600 billion dollars a year, and it's growing,
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ื–ื” 600 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ,
13:03
and these people are getting ripped off.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืžืจื•ืžื™ื.
13:06
Analie Domingo is a housekeeper.
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ืื ืืœื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช.
13:09
She lives in Toronto,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•,
13:11
and every month she goes to the Western Union office
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ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืŸ
13:16
with some cash
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ืขื ืงืฆืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื
13:18
to send her remittances to her mom in Manila.
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืืžื” ื‘ืžื ื™ืœื”.
13:21
It costs her around 10 percent;
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื” ื› -10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื;
13:23
the money takes four to seven days to get there;
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ืœื›ืกืฃ ืœื•ืงื— ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื;
13:26
her mom never knows when it's going to arrive.
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ืืžื ืฉืœื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
13:28
It takes five hours out of her week to do this.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืœื” ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
13:31
Six months ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:32
Analie Domingo used a blockchain application called Abra.
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ืื ืืœื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”.
13:37
And from her mobile device, she sent 300 bucks.
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ื•ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื—ื” 300 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
13:40
It went directly to her mom's mobile device
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ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื”
13:42
without going through an intermediary.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืชื•ื•ืš.
13:45
And then her mom looked at her mobile device --
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ื•ืื– ืืžื ืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื” -
13:47
it's kind of like an Uber interface, there's Abra "tellers" moving around.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ืื•ื‘ืจ, ื™ืฉ "ื›ืกืคืจื™" ืื‘ืจื” ื ืขื™ื.
13:51
She clicks on a teller that's a five-star teller,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืกืคืจ ื–ื”ื• ื›ืกืคืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
13:54
who's seven minutes away.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช.
13:56
The guy shows up at the door, gives her Filipino pesos,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœื“ืœืช, ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื” ืคืกื•ืก ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื,
13:59
she puts them in her wallet.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืจื ืงื”.
14:01
The whole thing took minutes,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื— ื“ืงื•ืช,
14:03
and it cost her two percent.
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ื•ืขืœื” ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
14:06
This is a big opportunity for prosperity.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื’ืฉื•ื’.
14:09
Number four: the most powerful asset of the digital age is data.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืข: ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
14:14
And data is really a new asset class,
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ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืก,
14:17
maybe bigger than previous asset classes,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื,
14:20
like land under the agrarian economy,
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ื›ืžื• ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืื’ืจืจื™ืช,
14:23
or an industrial plant,
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ืื• ืžืคืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™,
14:24
or even money.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ.
14:26
And all of you -- we -- create this data.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื - ืื ื—ื ื• - ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื•.
14:29
We create this asset,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื–ื”,
14:31
and we leave this trail of digital crumbs behind us
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื
14:34
as we go throughout life.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:35
And these crumbs are collected into a mirror image of you,
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ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ืืกืคื™ื ืœืชืžื•ื ืช ืจืื™ ืฉืœื›ื,
14:38
the virtual you.
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ืืชื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื.
14:40
And the virtual you may know more about you than you do,
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ื•ืืชื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
14:43
because you can't remember what you bought a year ago,
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืงื ื™ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”,
14:45
or said a year ago, or your exact location a year ago.
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ืื• ืืžืจืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”, ืื• ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”.
14:48
And the virtual you is not owned by you --
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ื•ืืชื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื -
14:51
that's the big problem.
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ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
14:53
So today, there are companies working
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
14:56
to create an identity in a black box,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
14:59
the virtual you owned by you.
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ืืชื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื.
15:01
And this black box moves around with you
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ื•ืงื•ืคืกื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื–ื” ื ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื™ืชื›ื
15:05
as you travel throughout the world,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
15:07
and it's very, very stingy.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืงืžืฆื ื™ืช.
15:09
It only gives away the shred of information
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžื•ืกืจืช ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
15:12
that's required to do something.
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ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
15:13
A lot of transactions,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืกืงืื•ืช,
15:15
the seller doesn't even need to know who you are.
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ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืืชื.
15:17
They just need to know that they got paid.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœื”ื.
15:20
And then this avatar is sweeping up all of this data
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ื•ืื– ื”ืื•ื•ื˜ืืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
15:24
and enabling you to monetize it.
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื–ื” ืจื•ื•ื—.
15:28
And this is a wonderful thing,
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื,
15:29
because it can also help us protect our privacy,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
15:33
and privacy is the foundation of a free society.
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ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช.
15:36
Let's get this asset that we create
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ื ื›ืก ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
15:38
back under our control,
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ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
15:40
where we can own our own identity
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
15:42
and manage it responsibly.
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ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™.
15:45
Finally --
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ --
15:46
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
15:52
Finally, number five:
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืกืคืจ ื—ืžืฉ:
15:53
there are a whole number of creators of content
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ
15:57
who don't receive fair compensation,
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช,
15:59
because the system for intellectual property is broken.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช.
16:02
It was broken by the first era of the internet.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืจื” ืžืื– ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
16:05
Take music.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”.
16:07
Musicians are left with crumbs at the end of the whole food chain.
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ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื”.
16:10
You know, if you were a songwriter, 25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,
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ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื”, ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืœื”ื™ื˜,
16:15
it got a million singles,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื’ืœื™ื,
16:18
you could get royalties of around 45,000 dollars.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›-45,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
16:21
Today, you're a songwriter, you write a hit song,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื˜,
16:23
it gets a million streams,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื,
16:25
you don't get 45k,
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ืืชื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 45 ืืœืฃ,
16:27
you get 36 dollars,
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 36 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
16:29
enough to buy a nice pizza.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืคื™ืฆื” ื ื—ืžื“ื”.
16:32
So Imogen Heap,
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ืื– ืื™ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืค,
16:34
the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter,
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ื”ื–ืžืจืช ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื–ื•ื›ืช ืคืจืก ื”ื’ืจืืžื™,
16:36
is now putting music on a blockchain ecosystem.
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ืžืฉืžื™ืขื” ื›ืขืช ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ.
16:40
She calls it "Mycelia."
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ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื–ื” "mycelia."
16:42
And the music has a smart contract surrounding it.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ื›ื.
16:46
And the music protects her intellectual property rights.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื”.
16:50
You want to listen to the song?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ?
16:51
It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents that flow into a digital account.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืงืจื• ืกื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
16:54
You want to put the song in your movie, that's different,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœื›ื, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
16:57
and the IP rights are all specified.
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ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื ืงื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
16:59
You want to make a ringtone? That's different.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ? ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
17:02
She describes that the song becomes a business.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืกืง
17:05
It's out there on this platform marketing itself,
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ื–ื” ืฉื, ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
17:08
protecting the rights of the author,
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ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ,
17:10
and because the song has a payment system
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื
17:12
in the sense of bank account,
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง,
17:13
all the money flows back to the artist,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื•ืจื ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืืžืŸ,
17:16
and they control the industry,
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ,
17:18
rather than these powerful intermediaries.
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ื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
17:21
Now, this is --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื -
17:22
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
17:27
This is not just songwriters,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื,
17:29
it's any creator of content,
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
17:30
like art,
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ื›ืžื• ืืžื ื•ืช,
17:32
like inventions,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช,
17:34
scientific discoveries, journalists.
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ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื.
17:37
There are all kinds of people who don't get fair compensation,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช,
17:40
and with blockchains,
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ื•ืขื ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
17:42
they're going to be able to make it rain on the blockchain.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ.
17:46
And that's a wonderful thing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื.
17:48
So, these are five opportunities
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ืื–, ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
17:53
out of a dozen
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ืžืชื•ืš ืชืจื™ืกืจ
17:54
to solve one problem, prosperity,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’,
17:57
which is one of countless problems
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
18:00
that blockchains are applicable to.
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ืฉื‘ืœื•ืงืฆ'ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื.
18:03
Now, technology doesn't create prosperity, of course -- people do.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ - ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
18:07
But my case to you is that, once again,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘
18:11
the technology genie has escaped from the bottle,
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ื”ื’'ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื” ืžื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง,
18:15
and it was summoned by an unknown person or persons
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืขื ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื
18:18
at this uncertain time in human history,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
18:22
and it's giving us another kick at the can,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ,
18:25
another opportunity to rewrite the economic power grid
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ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™
18:30
and the old order of things,
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
18:32
and solve some of the world's most difficult problems,
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
18:37
if we will it.
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ืื ื ืจืฆื” ื‘ื›ืš.
18:39
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:41
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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