Jeff Skoll: Making movies that make change

翻译人员: Zhou Mi 校对人员: tian zeng

I've actually been waiting by the phone

其实我一直在电话旁边等着

for a call from TED for years.

TED给我打电话，这么多年

And in fact, in 2000, I was ready to talk about eBay, but no call.

2000年我准备好讲eBay......但是没有电话

In 2003, I was ready to do a talk

2003年我准备了一个讲演

about the Skoll Foundation and social entrepreneurship. No call.

关于“Skoll基金会”和“社会创业”。没有电话。

In 2004, I started Participant Productions

2004年我创立了“参与者制作公司”

and we had a really good first year, and no call.

而且第一年我们成绩卓著，还是没有电话

And finally, I get a call last year,

到了去年我终于接到了一个电话

and then I have to go up after J.J. Abrams.

可是我又得排在J.J. Abrams 后面

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You've got a cruel sense of humor, TED.

TED的幽默感很残酷

(Laughter)

（笑声）

When I first moved to Hollywood from Silicon Valley,

我最初从硅谷来到好莱坞时

I had some misgivings.

心理面又很多疑惑 15 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,000 但我发现在好莱坞有很多好处

But I found that there were some advantages to being in Hollywood.

但我发现在好莱坞有很多好处

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And, in fact, some advantages to owning your own media company.

拥有自己的传媒公司也有其好处

And I also found that Hollywood and Silicon Valley

我还发现好莱坞和硅谷

have a lot more in common than I would have dreamed.

比我想象的具备更多相通之处

Hollywood has its sex symbols, and the Valley has its sex symbols.

好莱坞有它的性感标志，硅谷也有它的性感标志

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Hollywood has its rivalries, and the Valley has its rivalries.

好莱坞有它的对手们，硅谷也有自己的对手们

Hollywood gathers around power tables,

好莱坞有自己的“权力圆桌”

and the Valley gathers around power tables.

硅谷有“桌面足球”

So it turned out there was a lot more in common

所以这两者有很多共同之处

than I would have dreamed.

比我想象的多很多

But I'm actually here today to tell a story.

但我今天在这里要讲述一个故事

And part of it is a personal story. When Chris invited me to speak,

一部分是关于我个人的故事。当Chris邀请我演讲的时候，

he said, people think of you as a bit of an enigma,

他说人们觉得我--有点捉摸不透

and they want to know what drives you a bit.

他们想知道我的动力是什么

And what really drives me is a vision of the future

我真正的动力是--一个关于未来的设想

that I think we all share.

对我们所有人都有意义

It's a world of peace and prosperity and sustainability.

一个和平繁荣和可持续的世界

And when we heard a lot of the presentations

我们听过那么多演讲

over the last couple of days,

在过去的几天里

Ed Wilson and the pictures of James Nachtwey,

有艾德·威尔逊和詹姆斯·那希维的照片

I think we all realized how far we have to go

大家都看到了

to get to this new version of humanity

去实现人类的下一次“飞跃”的距离

that I like to call "Humanity 2.0."

我把它称为 “人类2.0”

And it's also something that resides in each of us,

这是存在于我们每个人内心的愿望

to close what I think

去纠正

are the two big calamities in the world today.

当今世界上两个最大的错误

One is the gap in opportunity --

一是“机会鸿沟”

this gap that President Clinton last night

这也是昨晚克林顿总统

called uneven, unfair and unsustainable --

所说的“不平等，不公正和不可持续”的鸿沟

and, out of that, comes poverty and illiteracy and disease

这又滋生了贫穷，文盲，疾病

and all these evils that we see around us.

和我们身边的一切罪恶

But perhaps the other, bigger gap is what we call the hope gap.

然而更大的那个鸿沟也许是我们所谓的“希望鸿沟”

And someone, at some point, came up with this very bad idea

不知道哪里出来的这种坏思想

that an ordinary individual couldn't make a difference in the world.

说普通人不可能对世界产生任何影响

And I think that's just a horrible thing.

我觉这种想法很可怕

And so chapter one really begins today, with all of us,

所以第一章从今天开始，从我们开始

because within each of us is the power to

因为我们每个人都有能力

equal those opportunity gaps and to close the hope gaps.

填平“机会鸿沟”和“希望鸿沟”

And if the men and women of TED

如果连TED的人们

can't make a difference in the world, I don't know who can.

都无法改变这世界，不知还有谁能

And for me, a lot of this started when I was younger

对于我，这一切始于幼年时代

and my family used to go camping in upstate New York.

家人常常去纽约州北部露营

And there really wasn't much to do there for the summer,

那儿的夏天实在是无所事事，

except get beaten up by my sister or read books.

除了被我姐姐暴打，或者读书

And so I used to read authors like James Michener

我那时阅读的作者有詹姆斯·米切内

and James Clavell and Ayn Rand.

詹姆斯·克拉维尔和安·兰顿

And their stories made the world seem a very small

在他们的故事里世界是一个狭小的

and interconnected place.

而又相互关联的地方

And it struck me that if I could write stories

我当时想如果我能写点儿东西

that were about this world as being small and interconnected,

描述这个世界的狭小与相互关联

that maybe I could get people interested in the issues

也许能激发人们对那些影响我们的事情感兴趣

that affected us all, and maybe engage them to make a difference.

一起行动起来促进变革

I didn't think that was necessarily the best way to make a living,

我知道那并非谋生的最佳手段

so I decided to go on a path to become financially independent,

因此我决定先走上寻求财务自由之路

so I could write these stories as quickly as I could.

以便能尽早写出这些故事

I then had a bit of a wake-up call when I was 14.

到了14岁的时候有件事对我影响很大

And my dad came home one day

一天我父亲回到家

and announced that he had cancer, and it looked pretty bad.

跟我说他患了癌症，情况很糟

And what he said was, he wasn't so much afraid that he might die,

他说他害怕的不是死亡

but that he hadn't done the things that he wanted to with his life.

而是他还没有完成那些他想做的事情

And knock on wood, he's still alive today, many years later.

老天保佑，许多年后的今天他仍然活着

But for a young man that made a real impression on me,

但对一个年轻人来说那是个刻骨铭心的经历

that one never knows how much time one really has.

一个人永远都无法知道你还有多少时间

So I set out in a hurry. I studied engineering.

因此我有了很强烈的紧迫感，我学了工程专业

I started a couple of businesses

我创立了几家个公司

that I thought would be the ticket to financial freedom.

我想那会给我带来财务上的自由

One of those businesses was a computer rental business

其中有一个公司做的是电脑租赁生意

called Micros on the Move,

名叫移动微米

which is very well named,

这是个很贴切的名字

because people kept stealing the computers.

因为有人不断地偷电脑

(Laughter)

（大笑）

So I figured I needed to learn a little bit more about business,

我想我得多学学怎么做生意

so I went to Stanford Business School and studied there.

我就去了斯坦福商学院

And while I was there, I made friends with a fellow

在那儿我结识了一个朋友

named Pierre Omidyar, who is here today. And Pierre, I apologize

名叫皮埃尔·欧米得亚，他今天到场了。皮埃尔，我向你致歉

for this. This is a photo from the old days.

这是一张很久以前的照片

And just after I'd graduated, Pierre came to me

就在我刚刚毕业的时候，皮埃尔来找我

with this idea to help people

他有一个想法

buy and sell things online with each other.

可以帮助人们在网上买卖东西

And with the wisdom of my Stanford degree,

带着斯坦福学位赋予我的智慧

I said, "Pierre, what a stupid idea."

我说:“皮埃尔，这是一个多么愚蠢的主意!”

(Laughter)

（大笑）

And needless to say, I was right.

不用说我是对的

(Laughter)

（大笑）

But right after that, Pierre -- in '96, Pierre and I left our full-time jobs

但那之后不久，1996年，皮埃尔和我就辞去了我们的全职工作

to build eBay as a company. And the rest of that story, you know.

创立了eBay, 剩下的故事，你们都知道了。

The company went public two years later

公司两年后上市

and is today one of the best known companies in the world.

今天它是全球最知名的企业之一

Hundreds of millions of people use it in hundreds of countries, and so on.

几百个国家上亿人在使用它……

But for me, personally, it was a real change.

但对我个人而言，这是个真正的变化。

I went from living in a house with five guys in Palo Alto

我从在Palo Alto 和五个男人合租一套房子

and living off their leftovers,

靠他们的剩菜剩饭过活

to all of a sudden having all kinds of resources.

后来，突然之间我拥有了一切资源

And I wanted to figure out how I could

于是就想如何能将

take the blessing of these resources and share it with the world.

这些财富带来的恩赐与全世界分享

And around that time, I met John Gardner,

就在那会儿我认识了约翰·加德纳

who is a remarkable man.

他是一个很了不起的男人

He was the architect of the Great Society programs

他曾是“大社会”计划的建筑师

under Lyndon Johnson in the 1960s.

在1960年代林登·约翰逊总统的领导下

And I asked him what he felt was the best thing I could do,

我问他，我能做的最好的事是什么

or anyone could do, to make a difference

或者是任何人能做的最好的事情

in the long-term issues facing humanity.

去改变世界上长期困扰人类的问题

And John said, "Bet on good people doing good things.

约翰说：“去帮助好人做好事

Bet on good people doing good things."

帮助好人做好事”

And that really resonated with me.

他的话让我产生了强烈的共鸣

I started a foundation

结果我创立了一个基金会

to bet on these good people doing good things.

来帮助那些好人们做好事情

These leading, innovative, nonprofit folks,

那些具有创新精神，不求名利的领导者

who are using business skills in a very leveraged way

用他们的商业智慧和各种有力方式

to solve social problems.

解决社会问题

People today we call social entrepreneurs.

现在被我们称为“社会企业家”

And to put a face on it, people like Muhammad Yunus,

举几个例子，比如像Mohammed Yunus

who started the Grameen Bank,

建立了格莱珉银行

has lifted 100 million people plus out of poverty around the world,

使世界上一亿多人口摆脱了贫困

won the Nobel Peace Prize.

获得了诺贝尔和平奖。

But there's also a lot of people that you don't know.

还有许多像他这样奉献却不为人知的人

Folks like Ann Cotton, who started a group called CAMFED in Africa,

比如安·克顿在非洲创立了女性教育组织，

because she felt girls' education was lagging.

因为她觉得非洲女性教育十分落后。

And she started it about 10 years ago,

她在大约10年前创办了这个组织，

and today, she educates over a quarter million African girls.

到今天，她已经为超过25万的非洲女性提供了教育

And somebody like Dr. Victoria Hale,

还有，像维多利亚·黑尔博士

who started the world's first nonprofit pharmaceutical company,

她创办了世界上第一个非盈利的制药公司

and whose first drug will be fighting visceral leishmaniasis,

他生产的第一批药用来治愈内脏利什曼病

also known as black fever.

这种病也被称为“黑热病”

And by 2010, she hopes to eliminate this disease,

她希望在2010年能完全消灭这种

which is really a scourge in the developing world.

在发展中国家造成灾难的疾病

And so this is one way to bet

而这些都是

on good people doing good things.

帮助好人做好事的例子

And a lot of this comes together in a philosophy of change

这些事情组成了“变革”的哲学

that I find really is powerful.

它们具有很大的影响力

It's what we call, "Invest, connect and celebrate."

这就是“投入，联络，庆祝”

And invest: if you see good people doing good things,

投入，就是说，当你发现别人在做好事情的时候

invest in them. Invest in their organizations,

给他们投入，帮助壮大他们的组织

or in business. Invest in these folks.

或是在商业世界中，给予他们资金支持

Connecting them together through conferences --

通过会议和他们相识，产生联系

like a TED -- brings so many powerful connections,

就像TED一样把大家联系起来

or through the World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship

或者是“社会企业家世界论坛”

that my foundation does at Oxford every year.

它是我在牛津大学的基金会每年的活动之一

And celebrate them: tell their stories,

庆祝他们的成功，给别人讲述他们的事迹

because not only are there good people doing good work,

这不仅是庆祝他们做的好事情

but their stories can help close these gaps of hope.

而是他们的所作所为能够帮助填平“希望的鸿沟”

And it was this last part of the mission, the celebrate part,

这就是这个任务中最后的部分“庆祝”

that really got me back to thinking when I was a kid

它使我想起我小时候的事情，

and wanted to tell stories to get people involved

我想把这件事说给大家能听，

in the issues that affect us all.

让所有人都能参与到这些与我们休戚相关的事情中来

And a light bulb went off,

我想第一盏灯是写作

which was, first, that I didn't actually have to do the writing myself, I could find writers.

事实上我并不需要亲自动笔，我只要找一个代笔

And then the next light bulb was, better than just writing,

下一盏灯是比写作更好的东西

what about film and TV, to get out to people in a big way?

比如说，电影、电视可以在更大程度上影响人们

And I thought about the films that inspired me,

我可以想到那些给我力量的电影

films like "Gandhi" and "Schindler's List."

如《甘地》和《辛德勒名单》

And I wondered who was doing these kinds of films today.

我开始思考现在还有谁在做这样的电影

And there really wasn't a specific company

事实上，并没有哪家公司

that was focused on the public interest.

是专注于公共事业的

So, in 2003, I started to make my way around Los Angeles

所以在2003年，我在洛杉矶

to talk about the idea of a pro-social media company

开始建立一个专注社会利益的媒体公司

and I was met with a lot of encouragement.

并得到了很多"鼓励"

One of the lines of encouragement

其中一句"鼓励"

that I heard over and over was,

激励过我很多次

"The streets of Hollywood are littered with the carcasses of people like you,

是：“好莱坞的大街上到处都是你们这种

who think you're going to come to this town and make movies."

自以为来了就会拍电影的失败者。”

And then of course, there was the other adage.

当然了，还有另外的说法，

"The surest way to become a millionaire

“要成为一个百万富翁的最保险的办法

is to start by being a billionaire and go into the movie business."

就是让一个亿万富翁做电影行业。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Undeterred, in January of 2004, I started Participant Productions

虽然危言耸听，在2004年1月，我还是创立了“参与者制作公司”

with the vision to be a global media company

希望他能成为一个全球性的媒体公司

focused on the public interest.

并专注于公共利益。

And our mission is to produce entertainment

我们的任务是通过拍摄电影，

that creates and inspires social change.

来激发和促进社会变革

And we don't just want people to see our movies

我们不想让人们看到我们的电影

and say, that was fun, and forget about it.

之后一笑而过，

We want them to actually get involved in the issues.

我们是想让大家参与到这些社会问题中来

In 2005, we launched our first slate of films,

2005年，我们发行了第一批纪录影片，

"Murder Ball," "North Country," "Syriana"

《轮椅上的竞技》《北方风云》《辛瑞那》

and "Good Night and Good Luck."

和《晚安, 好运》，

And much to my surprise, they were noticed.

出乎我的意料，它们被公众注意到了，

We ended up with 11 Oscar nominations for these films.

我们最终因为这些影片获得了11项奥斯卡奖的提名

And it turned out to be a pretty good year for this guy.

那一年对我们来说真是意义重大

Perhaps more importantly,

但更重要的是

tens of thousands of people joined the advocacy programs

千千万万的人们加入到了我们的倡议活动

and the activism programs

和积极的实践中来，

that we created to go around the movies.

这些活动都是围绕着我们的电影来的

And we had an online component of that,

然后我们成立了网站，

our community sect called Participate.net.

我们的网络社区域名是Participate.net

But with our social sector partners, like the ACLU and PBS and the

我们社会领域的搭档，比如说ACLU, PBS,

Sierra Club and the NRDC, once people saw the film,

Sierra俱乐部和NRDC，一旦人们看了电影，

there was actually something they could do to make a difference.

就会知道他们可以去做些事情，改变世界

One of these films in particular, called "North Country," was actually

这其中有一部叫做《决不让步》

kind of a box office disaster.

这部电影可以说是票房灾难

But it was a film that starred Charlize Theron

但这部由查理兹·塞隆主演的电影

and it was about women's rights, women's empowerment,

内容包括了女人的权力，权力的赋予

domestic violence and so on.

家庭暴力等

And we released the film at the same time that

在我们发行这部电影的同时

the Congress was debating the renewal of the Violence Against Women Act.

国会正在讨论延续防止对妇女施暴法案

And with screenings on the Hill, and discussions,

随着电影走上银屏，被观众所谈论

and with our social sector partners,

并且通过我们的社会领域的搭档

like the National Organization of Women,

比如“世界妇女组织”

the film was widely credited

这部电影有了广泛的影响力

with influencing the successful renewal of the act.

并影响到了该法案的修正

And that to me, spoke volumes, because it's --

这对我来说，是很有分量的事情，因为它是

the film started about a true-life story

一部讲述真实生活的电影

about a woman who was harassed, sued her employer,

关于一个被性骚扰的女人，起诉她的老板，

led to a landmark case that led to the Equal Opportunity Act,

成为了一个标志性的案件，催生了《机会均等法》

and the Violence Against Women Act and others.

《反对妇女暴力法》等法律的诞生

And then the movie about this person doing these things,

因为这部电影讲述的这个故事

then led to this greater renewal.

促成了这些伟大法律的修正

And so again,

那我们再次回到

it goes back to betting on good people doing good things.

帮助好做好事的主题上

Speaking of which, our fellow TEDster, Al --

说到了TED的同志们，我想提一下戈尔

I first saw Al do his slide show presentation

我第一次看见戈尔做演讲

on global warming in May of 2005.

是在2005年5月，主题是全球变暖

At that point, I thought I knew something about global warming.

那时，我想自己对全球变暖了解一些

I thought it was a 30 to 50 year problem.

认为这只是30--50年左右的问题

And after we saw his slide show,

但是看了他的演讲之后

it became clear that it was much more urgent.

我才知道，事态紧急

And so right afterwards, I met backstage with Al, and

当时我赶紧去后台找到戈尔先生

with Lawrence Bender, who was there, and Laurie David,

当时在场的还有劳伦斯·班德，劳里·大卫，

and Davis Guggenheim,

和戴维斯·古根海姆，

who was running documentaries for Participant at the time.

戴维斯当时就在Participant执导纪录片

And with Al's blessing, we decided on the spot to turn it into a film,

在戈尔的大力支持之下，我们当场决定把他的演讲拍成电影

because we felt that we could get the message out there

我们觉得，这样就可以把戈尔的信息传达给全世界

far more quickly than having Al go around the world,

而比他去世界各地演讲

speaking to audiences of 100 or 200 at a time.

一次面对100或200个观众要快很多

And you know, there's another adage in Hollywood,

大家知道，在好莱坞还有一句名言

that nobody knows nothing about anything.

“人们多少都会了解一些东西”

And I really thought this was going to be

我想这真的是

a straight-to-PBS charitable initiative.

对于慈善事业最好的宣传。

And so it was a great shock to all of us

它也让我们很震惊

when the film really captured the public interest,

当电影真正抓住了公众的兴趣

and today is mandatory viewing in schools in England and Scotland,

现在它是英格兰，苏格兰的学生们必看的电影

and most of Scandinavia.

在斯堪的纳维亚地区也广泛流传

We've sent 50,000 DVDs to high school teachers in the U.S.

我们给美国的高中老师送出了五万张DVD

and it's really changed the debate on global warming.

它改变了人们对全球变暖的讨论

It was also a pretty good year for this guy.

这一年对戈尔来说也是非常有意义的

We now call Al the George Clooney of global warming.

戈尔现在被称为全球变暖方面的乔治克鲁尼

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And for Participant, this is just the start.

然而对“参与者制造”来说,这只是一个开始

Everything we do looks at the major issues in the world.

我们关注着世界上重大的问题

And we have 10 films in production right now,

现在有10部电影正在拍摄过程中

and dozens others in development.

还有很多正在筹划中

I'll quickly talk about a few coming up.

我想快速地介绍几部即将上映的电影

One is "Charlie Wilson's War," with Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts.

一个是《查理·威尔逊的战争》，由汤姆汉克斯和茱莉亚罗伯茨主演

And it's the true story of Congressman Charlie Wilson, and

讲的是关于议员查理·威尔逊

how he funded the Taliban to fight the Russians in Afghanistan.

如何资助塔利班在阿富汗抵抗俄罗斯的真实的故事

And we're also doing a movie called "The Kite Runner,"

另外一部电影是《追风筝的人》

based on the book "The Kite Runner," also about Afghanistan.

它是根据小说《追风筝的人》翻拍的，另一个关于阿富汗的故事

And we think once people see these films,

我们认为当人们看这些电影时

they'll have a much better understanding of that part of the world

会对世界上某些地区有更深刻的了解

and the Middle East in general.

主要是中东地区

We premiered a film called "The Chicago 10" at Sundance this year.

《芝加哥10 》今年会首先在Sundance（怀俄明州）公映。

It's based on the protesters at the Democratic Convention in 1968,

它讲述了1968年民主会议的抗议者

Abby Hoffman and crew,

安比霍夫曼和他的追随者们

and, again, a story about a small group of individuals

这个故事再次证明，这些由个人组成的小团体

who did make change in the world.

的确对世界产生了重大影响

And a documentary that we're doing on Jimmy Carter

另一个关于吉米·卡特的纪录片

and his Mid-East peace efforts over the years.

讲述了他多年来对于中东的和平做出的努力

And in particular, we've been following him on his recent book tour,

特别地，我们一直在跟随他最近的售书活动

which, as many of you know, has been very non-controversial --

大家都知道，这本书是没有任何争议的

(Laughter)

（笑声）

-- which is really bad for getting people to come see a movie.

这对我们的电影发行可不是一个好预兆

In closing, I'd like to say that everybody has the opportunity

最后，我想说，每个人都有机会，

to make change in their own way.

用自己的方式做出一些改变

And all the people in this room

现场的每一个人

have done so through their business lives,

都可以通过事业上的成绩

or their philanthropic work, or their other interests.

通过慈善，或其它方面的兴趣做好事

And one thing that I've learned

我的一个经验是

is that there's never one right way to make change.

通过很多途径都可以有所作为

One can do it as a tech person, or as a finance person,

无论你是技术人员还是金融家

or a nonprofit person, or as an entertainment person,

非盈利机构的人，或是娱乐圈的人都能有所作为

but every one of us is all of those things and more.

我们在一起可以成就更多

And I believe if we do these things,

我相信，如果我们付出努力

we can close the opportunity gaps, we can close the hope gaps.

我们可以填平机会、希望的鸿沟

And I can imagine, if we do this,

我也可以想像，如果我们这样做了

the headlines in 10 years might read something like these:

10年之后报纸头条应该是这样的：

"New AIDS Cases in Africa Fall to Zero,"

“非洲的新艾滋病感染率降为0”

"U.S. Imports its Last Barrel of Oil" --

“美国进口了最后一桶石油”

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

-- "Israelis and Palestinians Celebrate

“以色列人和巴勒斯坦人共庆

10 Years of Peaceful Coexistence."

10年和平共处”

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And I like this one, "Snow Has Returned to Kilimanjaro."

我最喜欢这条“冰雪再次覆盖乞力马扎罗山”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And finally, an eBay listing for one well-traveled slide show,

最后，eBay清单上一个流传最广的幻灯片，

now obsolete, museum piece. Please contact Al Gore.

现在已经过时了，可以放到博物馆里，更新请联系AI Gore

And I believe that, working together,

我相信所有的努力汇集在一起，

we can make all of these things happen.

就可以让这一切发生

And I want to thank you all for having me here today.

谢谢你们今天来听我的演讲

It's been a real honor. Thank you.

我感到非常荣幸，谢谢你们。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Oh, thank you.

哦，谢谢！