Jeff Skoll: Making movies that make change

譯者: Mavis Lin 審譯者: Jeannie Cheng

I've actually been waiting by the phone

其實我一直等著TED打電話來

for a call from TED for years.

已經等了好幾年了

And in fact, in 2000, I was ready to talk about eBay, but no call.

其實早在2000年時,我就已經準備好要來聊聊eBay,但都沒人打給我

In 2003, I was ready to do a talk

而在2003年,我準備好一個演講

about the Skoll Foundation and social entrepreneurship. No call.

是關於斯克爾基金會與社會企業. 沒人打來

In 2004, I started Participant Productions

2004年,我成立了參與者製作公司

and we had a really good first year, and no call.

那年我們發展的相當順利, 依然沒有來電

And finally, I get a call last year,

去年,我終於接到電話

and then I have to go up after J.J. Abrams.

但我得緊接著J.J. Abrams(著名電影製作人)演講

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You've got a cruel sense of humor, TED.

你們真的很幽默,TED

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

When I first moved to Hollywood from Silicon Valley,

當我第一次從矽谷搬到好萊塢時

I had some misgivings.

其實心有疑慮

But I found that there were some advantages to being in Hollywood.

但後來我發現其實在好萊塢, 是有些好處的

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And, in fact, some advantages to owning your own media company.

還有擁有自己的媒體公司的好處

And I also found that Hollywood and Silicon Valley

我也發現好萊塢與矽谷

have a lot more in common than I would have dreamed.

有很多相似的地方, 比我想像得還多

Hollywood has its sex symbols, and the Valley has its sex symbols.

好萊塢有代表的性感象徵, 而矽谷也有其性感象徵

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Hollywood has its rivalries, and the Valley has its rivalries.

好萊塢有競爭對手, 而矽谷也有相互競爭的對手

Hollywood gathers around power tables,

好萊塢, 大家愛聚集於權力中心

and the Valley gathers around power tables.

而矽谷, 人們也愛聚在權力桌上

So it turned out there was a lot more in common

所以這兩個地方是很相像的

than I would have dreamed.

這是我始料未及的

But I'm actually here today to tell a story.

其實今天我在這裡是要來說一個故事

And part of it is a personal story. When Chris invited me to speak,

有部分是我個人的親身經歷. 當克里斯邀請我來演講時

he said, people think of you as a bit of an enigma,

他說大家覺得我很神祕

and they want to know what drives you a bit.

大家想知道是什麼能一直驅使我走下去

And what really drives me is a vision of the future

激發我前進的動力是對未來的遠景

that I think we all share.

我想這是我們所共享的

It's a world of peace and prosperity and sustainability.

是一個和平,繁榮能永續經營的世界

And when we heard a lot of the presentations

這幾天裡

over the last couple of days,

我們聽了許多演講

Ed Wilson and the pictures of James Nachtwey,

愛德威爾森的還有詹姆士納西維的照片

I think we all realized how far we have to go

我想我們都了解我們還得走多遠的路

to get to this new version of humanity

才能成為新世代的人類

that I like to call "Humanity 2.0."

而我喜歡稱之為『人類2.0』

And it's also something that resides in each of us,

這存在我們彼此之間

to close what I think

用來終結我想是

are the two big calamities in the world today.

現今最大的兩個災難

One is the gap in opportunity --

一個是機會不均的鴻溝

this gap that President Clinton last night

此鴻溝是昨晚柯林頓總統所談到的

called uneven, unfair and unsustainable --

是不公不義,無法永續發展的

and, out of that, comes poverty and illiteracy and disease

還有貧窮,文盲與疾病

and all these evils that we see around us.

以及在我們周遭的小奸小惡

But perhaps the other, bigger gap is what we call the hope gap.

但另一個較為嚴重的差距是我們稱之為的希望鴻溝

And someone, at some point, came up with this very bad idea

有些時候,有人會有這個很不好的想法

that an ordinary individual couldn't make a difference in the world.

認為一個平凡人是無法改變這個世界

And I think that's just a horrible thing.

我覺得這個想法真的很糟糕

And so chapter one really begins today, with all of us,

所以今天我們要一起開啟全新的章節

because within each of us is the power to

因為我們每一個人都有能力

equal those opportunity gaps and to close the hope gaps.

平衡機會鴻溝以及終止希望缺口

And if the men and women of TED

如果TED的你們

can't make a difference in the world, I don't know who can.

無法改變這世界,我不知道還有誰可以

And for me, a lot of this started when I was younger

至於我, 這些事在我小時候就開始發生了

and my family used to go camping in upstate New York.

小時候,我與我的家人都會到紐約北部去露營

And there really wasn't much to do there for the summer,

整個夏天在那其實沒啥事好做

except get beaten up by my sister or read books.

除了被我姐姐欺負或看書

And so I used to read authors like James Michener

所以我都會讀些像詹姆斯米契納

and James Clavell and Ayn Rand.

詹姆斯克萊威爾以及安蘭得的作品

And their stories made the world seem a very small

他們的故事都讓這個世界變得非常小

and interconnected place.

而且相互連結的地方

And it struck me that if I could write stories

這讓我想到如果我有能力寫故事

that were about this world as being small and interconnected,

寫些關於這世界其實是很小且緊緊相連的故事

that maybe I could get people interested in the issues

也許我可以讓大眾對人類全體相關的議題

that affected us all, and maybe engage them to make a difference.

感到有興趣. 進而啟發他們動身改變

I didn't think that was necessarily the best way to make a living,

我不覺得這是最好的賺錢方法

so I decided to go on a path to become financially independent,

所以我決定要能夠經濟獨立自主

so I could write these stories as quickly as I could.

如此我才可以儘快的寫出這些故事

I then had a bit of a wake-up call when I was 14.

之後當我14歲時, 一件偶發事件打醒了我

And my dad came home one day

有一天我爸回家時

and announced that he had cancer, and it looked pretty bad.

告訴我們他得了癌症,而且病情並不樂觀

And what he said was, he wasn't so much afraid that he might die,

他說他其實並不害怕自己即將要死去這件事

but that he hadn't done the things that he wanted to with his life.

他害怕的是他想要完成的事卻來不及做

And knock on wood, he's still alive today, many years later.

還好老天保佑, 多年以後,他現在還活著

But for a young man that made a real impression on me,

但對當時年輕的我來說, 這讓我有非常深的體會

that one never knows how much time one really has.

一個人是永遠不會知道他擁有多少時間

So I set out in a hurry. I studied engineering.

所以我加快腳步. 我去研讀工程學

I started a couple of businesses

發展了一些事業

that I thought would be the ticket to financial freedom.

我覺得這會是讓我經濟無虞的契機

One of those businesses was a computer rental business

其中一項是電腦出租生意

called Micros on the Move,

公司叫做隨身電腦

which is very well named,

這名字取得非常好

because people kept stealing the computers.

因為大家一直把電腦偷走

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So I figured I needed to learn a little bit more about business,

所以我想我需要學習如何經營生意

so I went to Stanford Business School and studied there.

我便到史丹福大學商學院就讀

And while I was there, I made friends with a fellow

讀書期間我認識一個傢伙

named Pierre Omidyar, who is here today. And Pierre, I apologize

叫做皮耶歐米迪亞,他今天也在這. 皮耶,我很抱歉

for this. This is a photo from the old days.

拿出這張老照片

And just after I'd graduated, Pierre came to me

當我畢業之後, 皮耶跑來跟我說

with this idea to help people

關於協助人們

buy and sell things online with each other.

在網路上買賣交易的點子

And with the wisdom of my Stanford degree,

但憑著我畢業於史丹福的聰明才智

I said, "Pierre, what a stupid idea."

我告訴他說: 皮耶,這想法很蠢耶

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And needless to say, I was right.

當然不用說我是對的

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But right after that, Pierre -- in '96, Pierre and I left our full-time jobs

但這之後,皮耶在96年時,和我一起離開了我們當時的正職工作

to build eBay as a company. And the rest of that story, you know.

開始建立eBay這家公司. 而之後的後續發展

The company went public two years later

兩年之後公司開始正式上市

and is today one of the best known companies in the world.

如今成為世上最有名的企業之一

Hundreds of millions of people use it in hundreds of countries, and so on.

在數百個國家裡有數億的人口都在使用這個網站,諸如此類的

But for me, personally, it was a real change.

但對我個人來說, 這是個重大的轉捩點

I went from living in a house with five guys in Palo Alto

我從跟五個人合住在帕洛阿爾托

and living off their leftovers,

靠著他們的剩菜剩飯維生

to all of a sudden having all kinds of resources.

突然之間,我成了擁有許多各項資源的人

And I wanted to figure out how I could

我開始思索我何以能夠

take the blessing of these resources and share it with the world.

好好運用這些資源, 並且與全世界的人來分享

And around that time, I met John Gardner,

這個時候,我認識了約翰加德納

who is a remarkable man.

一個非常了不起的人

He was the architect of the Great Society programs

他負責主持大社會計劃

under Lyndon Johnson in the 1960s.

在1960年代林頓詹森擔任總統期間

And I asked him what he felt was the best thing I could do,

我向他請教我們應該做些什麼

or anyone could do, to make a difference

才能對這社會做出最好的貢獻

in the long-term issues facing humanity.

來因應人類長久面對的問題

And John said, "Bet on good people doing good things.

他回道: 讓有志之士有機會做好事吧

Bet on good people doing good things."

讓有志之士做好事

And that really resonated with me.

我覺得這真的很有道理

I started a foundation

我成立一個基金會

to bet on these good people doing good things.

來讓這些有志之士發揮其才

These leading, innovative, nonprofit folks,

這些具有創新思維的優秀的社會工作者

who are using business skills in a very leveraged way

運用極具影響力的管理能力

to solve social problems.

來解決社會問題

People today we call social entrepreneurs.

今天我們稱他們為社會企業家

And to put a face on it, people like Muhammad Yunus,

例如像穆罕默德尤努斯

who started the Grameen Bank,

一手成立鄉村銀行

has lifted 100 million people plus out of poverty around the world,

他幫助了全世界約一億人口脫離貧窮

won the Nobel Peace Prize.

並因此獲得諾貝爾和平獎的殊榮

But there's also a lot of people that you don't know.

但還有更多默默耕耘的無名英雄

Folks like Ann Cotton, who started a group called CAMFED in Africa,

像是安卡登, 於非洲成立一個名叫CAMFED的社會團體

because she felt girls' education was lagging.

她有感於女性受教育的情形未見改善

And she started it about 10 years ago,

所以她於10年前成立該組織

and today, she educates over a quarter million African girls.

而到今天, 在非洲她讓超過25萬名女孩有機會受教育

And somebody like Dr. Victoria Hale,

而另外像是維多利亞海爾教授

who started the world's first nonprofit pharmaceutical company,

成立全世界第一個非營利藥廠

and whose first drug will be fighting visceral leishmaniasis,

該公司研發的第一種藥物是用來治療內臟利甚曼病

also known as black fever.

又名黑熱病

And by 2010, she hopes to eliminate this disease,

她希望到2010年,能成功消滅該疾病

which is really a scourge in the developing world.

此疾病在發展中國家是一大禍害

And so this is one way to bet

所以她的善舉也是讓有志之士

on good people doing good things.

做好事的其中一個例子

And a lot of this comes together in a philosophy of change

當然還有很多是與關於改變的思維有所相關的

that I find really is powerful.

我覺得這個力量真的很強大

It's what we call, "Invest, connect and celebrate."

也就是我們稱之為『投資,連結, 發揚光大』

And invest: if you see good people doing good things,

投資- 如果你看到有能力的人對這社會做出貢獻

invest in them. Invest in their organizations,

好好投資在他們身上. 投資他們所屬的組織

or in business. Invest in these folks.

或其企業. 好好投資在這些人身上

Connecting them together through conferences --

並利用研討會等活動來讓這些人連結起來

like a TED -- brings so many powerful connections,

例如像是TED, 連結了許多驚人的力量

or through the World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship

或是透過社會企業高峰會

that my foundation does at Oxford every year.

我的基金會每年都會在牛津舉辦一次

And celebrate them: tell their stories,

將其發揚光大, 讚頌他們的故事

because not only are there good people doing good work,

因為這不僅僅只是有能力的人在做好事

but their stories can help close these gaps of hope.

他們的故事同樣也能幫助銜接希望缺口

And it was this last part of the mission, the celebrate part,

這就是這任務的最後一個階段, 發揚的部份

that really got me back to thinking when I was a kid

這也讓我回想到當我還是個小孩時

and wanted to tell stories to get people involved

想要說故事給大家聽,讓大家都能親身參與

in the issues that affect us all.

影響我們全體的議題之中

And a light bulb went off,

突然靈光乍現

which was, first, that I didn't actually have to do the writing myself, I could find writers.

第一, 我發現我其實不需靠自己來寫這些故事. 我可以找專業作家

And then the next light bulb was, better than just writing,

然後我又想到還有比寫作更好的方式

what about film and TV, to get out to people in a big way?

我何不來製作電影及電視, 這不是更能影響大眾嗎?

And I thought about the films that inspired me,

所以我開始想有哪些電影激勵了我

films like "Gandhi" and "Schindler's List."

像『甘地』還有『辛德勒的名單』等電影

And I wondered who was doing these kinds of films today.

我開始想現在有沒有哪個公司在製作類似這類電影

And there really wasn't a specific company

後來發現其實並沒有特定的公司

that was focused on the public interest.

在製作關注社會議題的電影

So, in 2003, I started to make my way around Los Angeles

所以在2003年, 我開始跑去洛杉磯

to talk about the idea of a pro-social media company

去詢問成立關注社會議題的媒體公司的可能性

and I was met with a lot of encouragement.

當時我得到了不少鼓勵

One of the lines of encouragement

其中一句鼓勵的話

that I heard over and over was,

我聽了好幾次

"The streets of Hollywood are littered with the carcasses of people like you,

『好萊塢的街上全是像你這種人』

who think you're going to come to this town and make movies."

『以為你來到這,就可以拍電影』

And then of course, there was the other adage.

當然也有其他的名言

"The surest way to become a millionaire

『要成為百萬富翁最保險的辦法』

is to start by being a billionaire and go into the movie business."

『就是億萬富翁去搞電影』

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Undeterred, in January of 2004, I started Participant Productions

但在毫不屈服的情況下, 我在2004年1月成立了參與者製作公司

with the vision to be a global media company

以期成為世界性的媒體公司

focused on the public interest.

並將焦點關注於社會議題上

And our mission is to produce entertainment

我們的任務是提供能改變社會

that creates and inspires social change.

與啟發人心的娛樂

And we don't just want people to see our movies

我們不想讓大家來看我們的電影

and say, that was fun, and forget about it.

只覺得這電影很有趣, 就沒了

We want them to actually get involved in the issues.

我們希望大家能真正的去在乎這些議題

In 2005, we launched our first slate of films,

2005年, 我們首度推出一系列的電影

"Murder Ball," "North Country," "Syriana"

有『輪椅上的競技』,『北國性騷擾』與『諜對諜』

and "Good Night and Good Luck."

以及『晚安，祝你好運』

And much to my surprise, they were noticed.

令人驚訝的是,這些電影都被注意到了

We ended up with 11 Oscar nominations for these films.

最後我們得到了11項奧斯卡提名

And it turned out to be a pretty good year for this guy.

而且讓這個男人過了非常愉快的一年

Perhaps more importantly,

也許更重要的是

tens of thousands of people joined the advocacy programs

有幾萬人投身參加倡導計畫活動

and the activism programs

以及社會活動

that we created to go around the movies.

也就是我們希望電影所能宣導的意義

And we had an online component of that,

我們有一個網站, 隸屬於我們組織的一部分

our community sect called Participate.net.

名叫Participate.net

But with our social sector partners, like the ACLU and PBS and the

有我們的社會組織夥伴, 像是美國公民自由聯盟與公共電視網

Sierra Club and the NRDC, once people saw the film,

環保團體Sierra Club以及美國自然資源保護委員會, 一旦人們看了電影

there was actually something they could do to make a difference.

他們就可以立即起身行動, 為世界做出改變

One of these films in particular, called "North Country," was actually

其中特別是『北國性騷擾』一片

kind of a box office disaster.

其實算是票房災難

But it was a film that starred Charlize Theron

這部電影是由莎莉賽隆所主演

and it was about women's rights, women's empowerment,

是在講述關於女性的權益與自主權

domestic violence and so on.

家暴等等的議題

And we released the film at the same time that

電影推出的同時

the Congress was debating the renewal of the Violence Against Women Act.

眾議院當時正在重新審議婦女暴力法案

And with screenings on the Hill, and discussions,

隨著電影在議會放映與後續的討論

and with our social sector partners,

還有我們的社會組織夥伴

like the National Organization of Women,

像是國家婦女組織的幫助

the film was widely credited

這部電影受到廣大的好評

with influencing the successful renewal of the act.

因為成功影響了婦女暴力法案的通過

And that to me, spoke volumes, because it's --

而且這對我來說,道盡了一切, 因為這是

the film started about a true-life story

一部描述真實故事的電影

about a woman who was harassed, sued her employer,

關於一位受到侵犯的女性, 挺身控告她的上司

led to a landmark case that led to the Equal Opportunity Act,

之後成為一個標示的案例, 影響了平等法案

and the Violence Against Women Act and others.

以及婦女暴力法案等等

And then the movie about this person doing these things,

電影就是在講述關於這位女性的努力作為

then led to this greater renewal.

後來產生了巨大的影響

And so again,

所以, 這又回到

it goes back to betting on good people doing good things.

讓有志之士做好事

Speaking of which, our fellow TEDster, Al --

說到這個, 我們的TED講者高爾

I first saw Al do his slide show presentation

我第一次看到高爾在做地球暖化演講

on global warming in May of 2005.

是在2005年的5月

At that point, I thought I knew something about global warming.

那時我以為我對地球暖化有點概念了

I thought it was a 30 to 50 year problem.

我以為那是30到50年後才會發生的事

And after we saw his slide show,

但在我看完他的演講之後

it became clear that it was much more urgent.

才發現這問題是相當急迫的

And so right afterwards, I met backstage with Al, and

所以演講之後, 我在後臺跟高爾見面

with Lawrence Bender, who was there, and Laurie David,

還有勞倫斯班德也在那, 以及勞瑞大衛

and Davis Guggenheim,

還有戴維斯古根漢

who was running documentaries for Participant at the time.

他當時在參與者製作公司拍紀錄短片

And with Al's blessing, we decided on the spot to turn it into a film,

托高爾的福, 我們當場就立刻決定要把這議題拍成電影

because we felt that we could get the message out there

因為我們覺得這樣可以更快的把這訊息傳播出去

far more quickly than having Al go around the world,

比起讓高爾巡迴世界

speaking to audiences of 100 or 200 at a time.

一次只能對100至200位觀眾演講

And you know, there's another adage in Hollywood,

還有大家都知道, 在好萊塢有另一句名言

that nobody knows nothing about anything.

就是人皆有所知

And I really thought this was going to be

而我覺得這將會是

a straight-to-PBS charitable initiative.

公共電視網慈善組織的大好契機

And so it was a great shock to all of us

這也讓我們很驚訝

when the film really captured the public interest,

當這部電影成功地引起大眾注意的時候

and today is mandatory viewing in schools in England and Scotland,

直到今日, 這部電影成為在英國與蘇格蘭的各大學校裡指定放映影片

and most of Scandinavia.

以及北歐的大部分國家

We've sent 50,000 DVDs to high school teachers in the U.S.

我們寄了5萬張DVD給美國的高中教師

and it's really changed the debate on global warming.

而這真的改變大眾對地球暖化的認知

It was also a pretty good year for this guy.

那年對這個男人來說也是非常好的一年

We now call Al the George Clooney of global warming.

我們現在都稱呼高爾為地球暖化的喬治克魯尼

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And for Participant, this is just the start.

但這對參與者公司來說, 這只是個開端

Everything we do looks at the major issues in the world.

現在我們所作的一切都是全世界最主要的議題

And we have 10 films in production right now,

我們現在有10部電影正在拍攝當中

and dozens others in development.

有幾十部電影正在籌備

I'll quickly talk about a few coming up.

我很快的談一下接下來幾部要上映的電影

One is "Charlie Wilson's War," with Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts.

一部為『蓋世奇才』由湯姆漢克與茱莉亞蘿勃茲主演

And it's the true story of Congressman Charlie Wilson, and

是在講述國會議員查理威爾森的真實故事

how he funded the Taliban to fight the Russians in Afghanistan.

描述他如何資助塔利班政府在阿富汗對抗蘇俄

And we're also doing a movie called "The Kite Runner,"

還有一部電影叫作『追風箏的孩子』

based on the book "The Kite Runner," also about Afghanistan.

是改編於同名小說, 同樣也是描述阿富汗的故事

And we think once people see these films,

我們認為人們可以透過觀看這些電影

they'll have a much better understanding of that part of the world

能夠比較了解電影描述的那個世界

and the Middle East in general.

也就是整個中東地區

We premiered a film called "The Chicago 10" at Sundance this year.

今年我們在日舞影展舉行芝加哥 10 的電影首映

It's based on the protesters at the Democratic Convention in 1968,

這部電影是改編於1968年民主會議的抗爭者

Abby Hoffman and crew,

阿比霍夫曼與其同伴的故事

and, again, a story about a small group of individuals

同樣的, 這是個關於一個小群體

who did make change in the world.

成功地改變整個世界的故事

And a documentary that we're doing on Jimmy Carter

還有一部是關於吉米卡特的紀錄片

and his Mid-East peace efforts over the years.

記錄他在這些年來對維護中東地區和平的貢獻

And in particular, we've been following him on his recent book tour,

特別的是我們還一路跟隨著他的新書宣傳活動

which, as many of you know, has been very non-controversial --

他的新書, 大家都知道的, 是非常不具爭議性的

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

-- which is really bad for getting people to come see a movie.

這也很難讓民眾會想去看這部電影

In closing, I'd like to say that everybody has the opportunity

最後, 我想說的是每一個人都有機會

to make change in their own way.

以自己的方式來改變這個世界

And all the people in this room

而這屋裡的每一個人

have done so through their business lives,

都一定有作出貢獻, 不管是透過工作

or their philanthropic work, or their other interests.

或慈善事務,或其他方式

And one thing that I've learned

而我學到的一件事

is that there's never one right way to make change.

就是要作出貢獻並沒有絕對的方式

One can do it as a tech person, or as a finance person,

你可以是一名科技人員或理財專員

or a nonprofit person, or as an entertainment person,

或是非營利組織的員工又或者是藝人

but every one of us is all of those things and more.

但每一個我們能力都不僅僅止於此

And I believe if we do these things,

我相信如果我們有所作為

we can close the opportunity gaps, we can close the hope gaps.

我們可以銜接機會不均的鴻溝, 終結希望缺口

And I can imagine, if we do this,

可以想見如果我們動身開始著手進行

the headlines in 10 years might read something like these:

10年後的報紙頭條可能會是

"New AIDS Cases in Africa Fall to Zero,"

『非洲地區愛滋病新增病例為零』

"U.S. Imports its Last Barrel of Oil" --

『美國進口最後一桶石油』

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

-- "Israelis and Palestinians Celebrate

『以色列人與巴勒斯坦人共同歡慶』

10 Years of Peaceful Coexistence."

『十周年的和平』

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

And I like this one, "Snow Has Returned to Kilimanjaro."

我喜歡這個『吉力馬扎羅山又開始下雪了』

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And finally, an eBay listing for one well-traveled slide show,

最後, 一個eBay的拍賣項目為一份遊歷四海的投影片

now obsolete, museum piece. Please contact Al Gore.

現已過時為博物館收藏品- 請洽艾爾高爾

And I believe that, working together,

我相信如果能一起攜手努力

we can make all of these things happen.

我們可以讓這些事成真

And I want to thank you all for having me here today.

我要謝謝你們今天能邀請我與你們共聚一堂

It's been a real honor. Thank you.

這真的是我莫大的榮幸. 謝謝你們

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

Oh, thank you.

謝謝