Jeff Skoll: Making movies that make change

I've actually been waiting by the phone

for a call from TED for years.

And in fact, in 2000, I was ready to talk about eBay, but no call.

In 2003, I was ready to do a talk

about the Skoll Foundation and social entrepreneurship. No call.

In 2004, I started Participant Productions

and we had a really good first year, and no call.

And finally, I get a call last year,

and then I have to go up after J.J. Abrams.

(Laughter)

You've got a cruel sense of humor, TED.

(Laughter)

When I first moved to Hollywood from Silicon Valley,

I had some misgivings.

But I found that there were some advantages to being in Hollywood.

(Laughter)

And, in fact, some advantages to owning your own media company.

And I also found that Hollywood and Silicon Valley

have a lot more in common than I would have dreamed.

Hollywood has its sex symbols, and the Valley has its sex symbols.

(Laughter)

Hollywood has its rivalries, and the Valley has its rivalries.

Hollywood gathers around power tables,

and the Valley gathers around power tables.

So it turned out there was a lot more in common

than I would have dreamed.

But I'm actually here today to tell a story.

And part of it is a personal story. When Chris invited me to speak,

he said, people think of you as a bit of an enigma,

and they want to know what drives you a bit.

And what really drives me is a vision of the future

that I think we all share.

It's a world of peace and prosperity and sustainability.

And when we heard a lot of the presentations

over the last couple of days,

Ed Wilson and the pictures of James Nachtwey,

I think we all realized how far we have to go

to get to this new version of humanity

that I like to call "Humanity 2.0."

And it's also something that resides in each of us,

to close what I think

are the two big calamities in the world today.

One is the gap in opportunity --

this gap that President Clinton last night

called uneven, unfair and unsustainable --

and, out of that, comes poverty and illiteracy and disease

and all these evils that we see around us.

But perhaps the other, bigger gap is what we call the hope gap.

And someone, at some point, came up with this very bad idea

that an ordinary individual couldn't make a difference in the world.

And I think that's just a horrible thing.

And so chapter one really begins today, with all of us,

because within each of us is the power to

equal those opportunity gaps and to close the hope gaps.

And if the men and women of TED

can't make a difference in the world, I don't know who can.

And for me, a lot of this started when I was younger

and my family used to go camping in upstate New York.

And there really wasn't much to do there for the summer,

except get beaten up by my sister or read books.

And so I used to read authors like James Michener

and James Clavell and Ayn Rand.

And their stories made the world seem a very small

and interconnected place.

And it struck me that if I could write stories

that were about this world as being small and interconnected,

that maybe I could get people interested in the issues

that affected us all, and maybe engage them to make a difference.

I didn't think that was necessarily the best way to make a living,

so I decided to go on a path to become financially independent,

so I could write these stories as quickly as I could.

I then had a bit of a wake-up call when I was 14.

And my dad came home one day

and announced that he had cancer, and it looked pretty bad.

And what he said was, he wasn't so much afraid that he might die,

but that he hadn't done the things that he wanted to with his life.

And knock on wood, he's still alive today, many years later.

But for a young man that made a real impression on me,

that one never knows how much time one really has.

So I set out in a hurry. I studied engineering.

I started a couple of businesses

that I thought would be the ticket to financial freedom.

One of those businesses was a computer rental business

called Micros on the Move,

which is very well named,

because people kept stealing the computers.

(Laughter)

So I figured I needed to learn a little bit more about business,

so I went to Stanford Business School and studied there.

And while I was there, I made friends with a fellow

named Pierre Omidyar, who is here today. And Pierre, I apologize

for this. This is a photo from the old days.

And just after I'd graduated, Pierre came to me

with this idea to help people

buy and sell things online with each other.

And with the wisdom of my Stanford degree,

I said, "Pierre, what a stupid idea."

(Laughter)

And needless to say, I was right.

(Laughter)

But right after that, Pierre -- in '96, Pierre and I left our full-time jobs

to build eBay as a company. And the rest of that story, you know.

The company went public two years later

and is today one of the best known companies in the world.

Hundreds of millions of people use it in hundreds of countries, and so on.

But for me, personally, it was a real change.

I went from living in a house with five guys in Palo Alto

and living off their leftovers,

to all of a sudden having all kinds of resources.

And I wanted to figure out how I could

take the blessing of these resources and share it with the world.

And around that time, I met John Gardner,

who is a remarkable man.

He was the architect of the Great Society programs

under Lyndon Johnson in the 1960s.

And I asked him what he felt was the best thing I could do,

or anyone could do, to make a difference

in the long-term issues facing humanity.

And John said, "Bet on good people doing good things.

Bet on good people doing good things."

And that really resonated with me.

I started a foundation

to bet on these good people doing good things.

These leading, innovative, nonprofit folks,

who are using business skills in a very leveraged way

to solve social problems.

People today we call social entrepreneurs.

And to put a face on it, people like Muhammad Yunus,

who started the Grameen Bank,

has lifted 100 million people plus out of poverty around the world,

won the Nobel Peace Prize.

But there's also a lot of people that you don't know.

Folks like Ann Cotton, who started a group called CAMFED in Africa,

because she felt girls' education was lagging.

And she started it about 10 years ago,

and today, she educates over a quarter million African girls.

And somebody like Dr. Victoria Hale,

who started the world's first nonprofit pharmaceutical company,

and whose first drug will be fighting visceral leishmaniasis,

also known as black fever.

And by 2010, she hopes to eliminate this disease,

which is really a scourge in the developing world.

And so this is one way to bet

on good people doing good things.

And a lot of this comes together in a philosophy of change

that I find really is powerful.

It's what we call, "Invest, connect and celebrate."

And invest: if you see good people doing good things,

invest in them. Invest in their organizations,

or in business. Invest in these folks.

Connecting them together through conferences --

like a TED -- brings so many powerful connections,

or through the World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship

that my foundation does at Oxford every year.

And celebrate them: tell their stories,

because not only are there good people doing good work,

but their stories can help close these gaps of hope.

And it was this last part of the mission, the celebrate part,

that really got me back to thinking when I was a kid

and wanted to tell stories to get people involved

in the issues that affect us all.

And a light bulb went off,

which was, first, that I didn't actually have to do the writing myself, I could find writers.

And then the next light bulb was, better than just writing,

what about film and TV, to get out to people in a big way?

And I thought about the films that inspired me,

films like "Gandhi" and "Schindler's List."

And I wondered who was doing these kinds of films today.

And there really wasn't a specific company

that was focused on the public interest.

So, in 2003, I started to make my way around Los Angeles

to talk about the idea of a pro-social media company

and I was met with a lot of encouragement.

One of the lines of encouragement

that I heard over and over was,

"The streets of Hollywood are littered with the carcasses of people like you,

who think you're going to come to this town and make movies."

And then of course, there was the other adage.

"The surest way to become a millionaire

is to start by being a billionaire and go into the movie business."

(Laughter)

Undeterred, in January of 2004, I started Participant Productions

with the vision to be a global media company

focused on the public interest.

And our mission is to produce entertainment

that creates and inspires social change.

And we don't just want people to see our movies

and say, that was fun, and forget about it.

We want them to actually get involved in the issues.

In 2005, we launched our first slate of films,

"Murder Ball," "North Country," "Syriana"

and "Good Night and Good Luck."

And much to my surprise, they were noticed.

We ended up with 11 Oscar nominations for these films.

And it turned out to be a pretty good year for this guy.

Perhaps more importantly,

tens of thousands of people joined the advocacy programs

and the activism programs

that we created to go around the movies.

And we had an online component of that,

our community sect called Participate.net.

But with our social sector partners, like the ACLU and PBS and the

Sierra Club and the NRDC, once people saw the film,

there was actually something they could do to make a difference.

One of these films in particular, called "North Country," was actually

kind of a box office disaster.

But it was a film that starred Charlize Theron

and it was about women's rights, women's empowerment,

domestic violence and so on.

And we released the film at the same time that

the Congress was debating the renewal of the Violence Against Women Act.

And with screenings on the Hill, and discussions,

and with our social sector partners,

like the National Organization of Women,

the film was widely credited

with influencing the successful renewal of the act.

And that to me, spoke volumes, because it's --

the film started about a true-life story

about a woman who was harassed, sued her employer,

led to a landmark case that led to the Equal Opportunity Act,

and the Violence Against Women Act and others.

And then the movie about this person doing these things,

then led to this greater renewal.

And so again,

it goes back to betting on good people doing good things.

Speaking of which, our fellow TEDster, Al --

I first saw Al do his slide show presentation

on global warming in May of 2005.

At that point, I thought I knew something about global warming.

I thought it was a 30 to 50 year problem.

And after we saw his slide show,

it became clear that it was much more urgent.

And so right afterwards, I met backstage with Al, and

with Lawrence Bender, who was there, and Laurie David,

and Davis Guggenheim,

who was running documentaries for Participant at the time.

And with Al's blessing, we decided on the spot to turn it into a film,

because we felt that we could get the message out there

far more quickly than having Al go around the world,

speaking to audiences of 100 or 200 at a time.

And you know, there's another adage in Hollywood,

that nobody knows nothing about anything.

And I really thought this was going to be

a straight-to-PBS charitable initiative.

And so it was a great shock to all of us

when the film really captured the public interest,

and today is mandatory viewing in schools in England and Scotland,

and most of Scandinavia.

We've sent 50,000 DVDs to high school teachers in the U.S.

and it's really changed the debate on global warming.

It was also a pretty good year for this guy.

We now call Al the George Clooney of global warming.

(Laughter)

And for Participant, this is just the start.

Everything we do looks at the major issues in the world.

And we have 10 films in production right now,

and dozens others in development.

I'll quickly talk about a few coming up.

One is "Charlie Wilson's War," with Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts.

And it's the true story of Congressman Charlie Wilson, and

how he funded the Taliban to fight the Russians in Afghanistan.

And we're also doing a movie called "The Kite Runner,"

based on the book "The Kite Runner," also about Afghanistan.

And we think once people see these films,

they'll have a much better understanding of that part of the world

and the Middle East in general.

We premiered a film called "The Chicago 10" at Sundance this year.

It's based on the protesters at the Democratic Convention in 1968,

Abby Hoffman and crew,

and, again, a story about a small group of individuals

who did make change in the world.

And a documentary that we're doing on Jimmy Carter

and his Mid-East peace efforts over the years.

And in particular, we've been following him on his recent book tour,

which, as many of you know, has been very non-controversial --

(Laughter)

-- which is really bad for getting people to come see a movie.

In closing, I'd like to say that everybody has the opportunity

to make change in their own way.

And all the people in this room

have done so through their business lives,

or their philanthropic work, or their other interests.

And one thing that I've learned

is that there's never one right way to make change.

One can do it as a tech person, or as a finance person,

or a nonprofit person, or as an entertainment person,

but every one of us is all of those things and more.

And I believe if we do these things,

we can close the opportunity gaps, we can close the hope gaps.

And I can imagine, if we do this,

the headlines in 10 years might read something like these:

"New AIDS Cases in Africa Fall to Zero,"

"U.S. Imports its Last Barrel of Oil" --

(Applause)

-- "Israelis and Palestinians Celebrate

10 Years of Peaceful Coexistence."

(Applause)

And I like this one, "Snow Has Returned to Kilimanjaro."

(Laughter)

And finally, an eBay listing for one well-traveled slide show,

now obsolete, museum piece. Please contact Al Gore.

And I believe that, working together,

we can make all of these things happen.

And I want to thank you all for having me here today.

It's been a real honor. Thank you.

(Applause)

Oh, thank you.