Why 1.5 billion people eat with chopsticks | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

Transcriber: TED Translators admin

Prevodilac: Kristina Radosavljević Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

It is such a sort of instrumental part

To je u neku ruku najvažniji deo

of our cooking vocabulary, in terms of the utensils.

našeg kulinarskog rečnika, kada je reč o priboru.

And it was like, that's interesting,

To je kao: hm, interesantno,

there are people who live without chopsticks.

postoje ljudi koji žive bez štapića.

[Small Thing.]

[Male stvari.]

[Big Idea.]

[Velike ideje.]

Chopsticks are a pair of two long sticks

Štapići za jelo su par dugačkih štapića

used to eat things with one hand.

koji se koriste za jelo jednom rukom.

Holding chopsticks is a little bit like holding a pencil,

Držanje štapića je nešto slično držanju olovke,

except that you have two of them

osim što ih imate dva

and you move them together in a pincer movement.

i pomerate ih zajedno praveći potez klešta.

Most of them are made out of wood. They're also made out of plastic, bamboo,

Većina ih je napravljena od drveta. Ali se prave i od plastike, bambusa,

žada, zlata, srebra, čak i slonovače,

jade, gold, silver and even ivory,

though I think that's not so cool anymore.

mada smatram da to više nije moderno.

Chopsticks are really well designed for eating small bits of food.

Štapići su stvarno dobro dizajnirani za uzimanje malih komadića hrane.

They're good for picking up noodles.

Dobri su i za hvatanje nudli.

If you're skilled, you can eat rice,

Ako ste vešti, možete jesti čak i pirinač,

pick up dumplings, pieces of meat.

uzimati knedle, komadiće mesa.

There are some no-nos with chopsticks.

Postoje stvari koje se ne rade sa štapićima.

You should not use the chopsticks like drumsticks,

Ne treba koristiti štapiće kao palice za bubnjeve,

which I know is tempting.

iako znam da je primamljivo.

You don't want to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice face-up.

Ne treba da zabadate uspravno štapiće u činiju sa rižom.

And the reason for that is it actually looks like a bowl of incense,

Zbog toga što tako izgleda kao činija sa tamjanom,

so it sort of echoes death.

što asocira na smrt.

Chopsticks are used in a huge portion of the world,

Štapiće koristi veliki procenat sveta,

across much of Asia, about 1.5 billion people

veći deo Azije, oko 1,5 milijardi ljudi

are covered in the chopsticks sphere.

se nalaze u sferi štapića.

Different cultures have slightly different variations of chopsticks.

Različite kulture imaju blage razlike u štapićima.

Chinese chopsticks will tend to be long and round,

Kineski štapići su dugački i okrugli,

Korean chopsticks are flatter and often made of metal

koreanski štapići su pljosnatiji i često napravljeni od metala,

and Japanese chopsticks tend to be round

a japanski su uglavnom okrugli

and very, very pointy.

i veoma zašiljeni.

While chopsticks are actually really commonplace

Dok su štapići prilično rasprostranjeni

in American society today,

u današnjem američkom društvu,

there was definitely a time in the late 1800s

postojalo je vreme, u kasnim 1800-tim,

where this idea that Asian men,

gde je ideja da su Azijati,

because they ate rice with sticks,

zbog jedenja pirinča štapićima,

were of a different quality than American men,

drugačijeg kvaliteta od Amerikanaca,

who ate proper meat with a knife and fork.

koji su jeli pravo meso nožem i viljuškom.

But when China and the United States

Ali kada su Kina i Sjedinjene Američke Države

began their diplomatic engagement in the 1970s,

započeli diplomatske odnose 1970-ih,

Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger,

Ričard Nikson i Henri Kisindžer

had to practice eating with chopsticks.

morali su da vežbaju jedenje štapićima.

What's been really interesting to see

Interesantno je videti da,

is that as Asian cuisine has moved from the East into the West,

kako se azijska kuhinja preselila sa istoka na zapad,

chopsticks have become part of the experience.

tako su i štapići postajali deo iskustva.

There's evidence of chopsticks as long ago as the Shang dynasty,

Postoji dokaz o postojanju štapića koji seže do vremena dinastije Šang,

which is about 3000 years ago,

što je otprilike pre 3 000 godina,

and they loved tripods during the Shang dynasty.

a oni su voleli kotlove, u vreme dinastije Šang.

So when you cook with these big tripods,

Tako da su, kada su kuvali u tim velikim kotlovima,

chopsticks were actually really useful,

štapići su bili veoma korisni,

because it was a way for you to stir and to reach

zato što ste na taj način mogli da mešate i dohvatite

without getting burned as the water was boiling

a da se ne opečete kipućom vodom

in these really big pots.

u tim stvarno velikim loncima.

Chinese culture has knives and has forks.

Kineska kultura ima noževe i viljuške.

It uses them in many cases for cooking.

Koristi ih u mnogim situacijama prilikom kuvanja.

But in terms of like what moved into the dining room,

Ali u momentu kada se hrana preseli u trpezariju,

it was the chopsticks.

tu su štapići.

One of the things about Asian cooking

Još jedna stvar vezana za azijsku kuhinju

is that it often comes in very small pieces.

je da se hrana obično služi u malim komadima.

And I think part of that has to do with the fact

Mislim da je to većinom zbog toga

that it's actually a lot more energy-efficient

što je mnogo energetski efikasnije

to cook little pieces quickly.

skuvati brzo male komade.

But also, then you don't have to cut them.

Ali onda ih takođe ne morate seći.

Tako da imate kružni uticaj,

So you have a circular influence,

where the type of food that is cooked allows people to use chopsticks,

gde vrsta hrane koja se skuva omogućava ljudima da koriste štapiće,

and then the fact that you have chopsticks influences the food that you can cook.

i činjenicu da štapići utiču na hranu koju možete pripremati.

Istovremeno, štapići oslikavaju komunalnu prirodu jedenja hrane.

But at the same time, chopsticks reflect the communal nature of eating food.

You'll have these dishes that you put in the middle,

Imate ona jela koja stavite na sredinu,

to je porodični stil.

it's very family style.

You go in with your chopsticks,

Štapićima uzimate jelo,

stavljate ih u pirinač, i jedete zasebno.

and you put it on your rice, and then you eat individually.

There's actually a famous sort of legend

U stvari, postoji poznata, takoreći legenda

where everyone has these really, really long chopsticks,

gde svi imaju izuzetno dugačke štapiće,

like way too long for them to feed themselves.

koji su predugački da bi se hranili njima.

And so in hell, everyone starves,

Zato u paklu, svi gladuju,

because they can't pick up food and put it in their mouths.

jer ne mogu uzeti hranu i staviti je u usta.

But in heaven, people take the same chopsticks

Ali u raju, ljudi uzimaju te iste štapiće

and then feed each other.

i hrane jedni druge.