How I'm Working for Change Inside My Church | Chelsea Shields | TED Talks

Prevodilac: Jasmina Francuski Lektor: Mile Živković

Religion is more than belief.

Religija je više od uverenja.

It's power, and it's influence.

Ona je moć, ona je uticaj.

And that influence affects all of us,

A taj uticaj se proteže na sve nas,

every day, regardless of your own belief.

svakog dana, bez obzira na naša sopstvena uverenja.

Despite the enormous influence of religion on the world today,

Uprkos ogromnom uticaju religija na današnji svet,

we hold them to a different standard of scrutiny and accountability

na njih primenjujemo drugačije standarde nadzora i odgovornosti

than any other sector of our society.

u odnosu na bilo koji drugi segment naseg društva.

For example, if there were a multinational organization,

Na primer, kad bi danas postojala multinacionalna organizacija,

government or corporation today

vlada ili korporacija

that said no female could be on a leadership board,

koja bi rekla da ni jedna žena ne može biti u upravnom odboru,

not one woman could have a decision-making authority,

da ni jedna žena ne može imati autoritet da donosi odluke,

not one woman could handle any financial matter,

da ni jedna žena ne može da se bavi finansijiskim poslovima,

we would have outrage.

javnost bi bila šokirana.

There would be sanctions.

Usledile bi sankcije.

And yet this is a common practice in almost every world religion today.

Ipak, ovo je danas uobičajena praksa u skoro svakoj religiji na svetu.

We accept things in our religious lives

Prihvatamo stvari u svojim verskim životima

that we do not accept in our secular lives,

koje ne prihvatamo u svojim svetovnim životima,

and I know this because I've been doing it for three decades.

a ovo znam jer to radim već tri decenije.

I was the type of girl that fought every form of gender discrimination growing up.

U mladosti sam bila devojka koja se borila protiv svake vrste rodne diskriminacije.

I played pickup basketball games with the boys and inserted myself.

Igrala sam basket sa dečacima, umetnula sam se.

I said I was going to be the first female President of the United States.

Govorila sam da ću biti prva žena predsednik SAD-a.

I have been fighting for the Equal Rights Amendment,

Borim se za Amandman o jednakim pravima,

which has been dead for 40 years.

koji je u zapećku vec 40 godina.

I'm the first woman in both sides of my family

Ja sam prva žena u porodici, i sa očeve, i sa majčine strane

to ever work outside the home and ever receive a higher education.

koja radi van kuće i koja ima visoko obrazovanje.

I never accepted being excluded because I was a woman,

Nikada nisam prihvatala da budem isključena samo zato što sam žena,

except in my religion.

osim u svojoj crkvi.

Throughout all of that time,

Sve ovo vreme,

I was a part of a very patriarchal orthodox Mormon religion.

pripadala sam veoma patrijarhalnoj ortodoksnoj mormonskoj veri.

I grew up in an enormously traditional family.

Odrasla sam u izuzetno tradicionalnoj porodici.

I have eight siblings, a stay-at-home mother.

Imam osmoro braće i sestara, majku domaćicu.

My father's actually a religious leader in the community.

Moj otac je zapravo verski vođa u našoj zajednici.

And I grew up in a world believing that my worth and my standing

Odrasla sam u okruženju u kom se verovalo da moju vrednost i moj ugled

was in keeping these rules that I'd known my whole life.

određuju pravila koja poznajem čitavog svog života.

You get married a virgin, you never drink alcohol,

Udaj se kao devica, nikada ne pij alkohol,

you don't smoke, you always do service,

ne puši, uvek budi na usluzi,

you're a good kid.

budi dobro dete.

Some of the rules we had were strict,

Neka od ovih pravila su bila veoma stroga,

but you followed the rules because you loved the people

ali smo ih poštovali jer smo voleli te ljude

and you loved the religion and you believed.

i voleli smo tu veru i verovali smo.

Everything about Mormonism determined what you wore,

Mormonizam je određivao šta ćemo obući,

who you dated, who you married.

s kim zabavljati, za koga se udati.

It determined what underwear we wore.

Određivao je kakav donji veš treba da nosimo.

I was the kind of religious where everyone I know

Pripadala sam religiji u kojoj bi svako koga znam

donated 10 percent of everything they earned to the church,

donirao crkvi 10 procenata od svih svojih prihoda,

including myself.

uključujući i mene.

From paper routes and babysitting, I donated 10 percent.

Od raznošenja novina i čuvanja dece, donirala sam 10 procenata.

I was the kind of religious where I heard parents tell children

Pripadala sam religiji u kojoj bi roditelji govorili deci,

when they're leaving on a two-year proselytizing mission

kada polaze u svoju dvogodišnju prozelitsku misiju,

that they would rather have them die

da bi bilo bolje da su mrtvi

than return home without honor, having sinned.

nego da se vrate kući obešćašćeni, ukaljani grehom.

I was the type and the kind of religious

Pripadala sam religiji

where kids kill themselves every single year

u kojoj su deca svake godine izvršavala samoubistvo

because they're terrified of coming out to our community as gay.

jer su bila previše uplašena da pred svima otkriju da su homoseksualci.

But I was also the kind of religious

Ali sam takođe pripadala religiji

where it didn't matter where in the world I lived,

u kojoj nije bilo važno u kom delu sveta živim,

I had friendship, instantaneous mutual aid.

imala sam prijatelje, uzajamnu pomoć u svakom trenutku.

This was where I felt safe. This is certainty and clarity about life.

Tada sam se osećala bezbednom. To se zove izvesnost i jasnoća života.

I had help raising my little daughter.

Imala sam pomoć oko vaspitavanja svoje ćerke.

So that's why I accepted without question that only men can lead,

I zato sam bespogovorno prihvatala da jedino muškarci mogu biti vođe,

and I accepted without question

i bespogovorno sam prihvatala

that women can't have the spiritual authority of God on the Earth,

da žene ne mogu imati na zemlji duhovni autoritet dat od boga,

which we call the priesthood.

koji nazivamo svešteništvom.

And I allowed discrepancies between men and women in operating budgets,

I pristajala sam na nejednakost između muškaraca i žena pri vođenju budžeta,

disciplinary councils, in decision-making capacities,

disciplinskih komisija, prilikom donošenja odluka,

and I gave my religion a free pass

i gledala sam svojoj religiji kroz prste

because I loved it.

jer sam je volela.

Until I stopped,

Sve dok nisam prestala,

and I realized that I had been allowing myself to be treated

i shvatila da sam dopuštala da se prema meni ophode

as the support staff to the real work of men.

kao da sam pomoćno osoblje muškarcima u njihovim pravim poslovima.

And I faced this contradiction in myself,

Suočila sam se u sebi sa ovom protivurečnošću,

and I joined with other activists in my community.

i pridružila se drugim aktivistima u svojoj zajednici.

We've been working very, very, very hard for the last decade and more.

Više od jedne decenije, veoma, veoma, veoma vredno radimo.

The first thing we did was raise consciousness.

Prvo što smo uradile jeste podizanje svesti.

You can't change what you can't see.

Ne možete promeniti ono što ne vidite.

We started podcasting, blogging, writing articles.

Počele smo da kreiramo podkastove, pišemo blogove i članke.

I created lists of hundreds of ways

Sastavila sam liste o stotine načina

that men and women are unequal in our community.

po kojima se mučkarci i žene u našoj zajednici razlikuju.

The next thing we did was build advocacy organizations.

Sledeća stvar je bila oformljavanje zastupničkih organizacija.

We tried to do things that were unignorable,

Pokušale smo da uradimo stvari koje nisu mogle proći nezapažene,

like wearing pants to church and trying to attend all-male meetings.

kao što je nošenje pantalona u crkvi i pokušaji učešća na sastancima muškaraca.

These seem like simple things,

Ove stvari deluju jednostavno,

but to us, the organizers, they were enormously costly.

ali za nas, organizatorke, cena je bila ogromna.

We lost relationships. We lost jobs.

Izgubile smo prijatelje. Izgubile smo radna mesta.

We got hate mail on a daily basis.

Svakodnevno smo dobijale preteće poruke.

We were attacked in social media and national press.

Napadali su nas na društvenim mrežama i u nacionalnoj štampi.

We received death threats.

Dobijale smo pretnje smrću.

We lost standing in our community. Some of us got excommunicated.

Izgubile smo ugled u svojoj zajednici. Neke od nas su izopštili.

Most of us got put in front of a disciplinary council,

Većinu nas su izveli pred disciplinsku komisiju,

and were rejected from the communities that we loved

i bile smo odbačene od strane zajednice koju smo volele

because we wanted to make them better, because we believed that they could be.

zato što smo želele da ih učinimo boljim, jer smo verovale da oni to mogu biti.

And I began to expect this reaction from my own people.

Mogla sam da očekujem ovakvu reakciju od strane mojih ljudi.

I know what it feels like when you feel like someone's trying to change you

Znam kako je to kada neko pokušava da te promeni

or criticize you.

ili kritikuje.

But what utterly shocked me was throughout all of this work

Ali ono što me je potpuno zaprepastilo jeste to što sam za sve vreme ovog rada,

I received equal measures of vitriol from the secular left,

primala jednake količine uvreda od strane sekularne levice,

the same vehemence as the religious right.

jednake žestine kao one od strane religijske desnice.

And what my secular friends didn't realize was that this religious hostility,

Moji sekularni prijatelji nisu shvatali da ovo versko neprijateljstvo,

these phrases of, "Oh, all religious people are crazy or stupid."

ove fraze: "O, svi vernici su ludi ili glupi."

"Don't pay attention to religion."

"Ne obraćaj pažnju na religiju."

"They're going to be homophobic and sexist."

"Oni će biti homofobni ili seksistički."

What they didn't understand

Oni nisu shvatali

was that that type of hostility did not fight religious extremism,

da takva vrsta neprijateljstva ne pomaže u borbi protiv verskog ekstremizma,

it bred religious extremism.

ono ga podstiče.

Those arguments don't work, and I know because I remember

Ti argumenti ne vrede, a to znam jer se sećam

someone telling me that I was stupid for being Mormon.

da mi je neko rekao da sam glupa što sam mormonka.

And what it caused me to do was defend myself and my people

A to me je podstaklo da branim sebe i svoje ljude

and everything we believe in, because we're not stupid.

i sve ono u šta verujemo, jer nismo glupi.

So criticism and hostility doesn't work, and I didn't listen to these arguments.

Kritikovanje i neprijateljstvo ne deluju, i nisam slušala te argumente.

When I hear these arguments, I still continue to bristle,

I sad se naježim kada čujem ovakve argumente,

because I have family and friends.

jer imam porodicu i prijatelje.

These are my people, and I'm the first to defend them,

To su moji ljudi, i prva stajem u njihovu odbranu,

but the struggle is real.

ali, borba je stvarna.

How do we respect someone's religious beliefs

Kako da uvažimo nečija verska ubeđenja,

while still holding them accountable for the harm or damage

a da ih istovremeno smatramo odgovornim za štetu i nepravdu

that those beliefs may cause others?

koje ta ubeđenja mogu naneti drugima?

It's a tough question. I still don't have a perfect answer.

To je teško pitanje. Još uvek nemam pravi odgovor.

My parents and I have been walking on this tightrope for the last decade.

Deset godina, moji roditelji i ja hodamo po toj tankoj liniji.

They're intelligent people. They're lovely people.

Oni su inteligentni ljudi. Oni su divni ljudi.

And let me try to help you understand their perspective.

Dozvolite mi da vam pomognem da razumete stvari iz njihove perspektive.

In Mormonism, we believe that after you die,

U mormonstvu, mi verujemo da se nakon smrti,

if you keep all the rules and you follow all the rituals,

ukoliko se držite svih pravila i ako sledite sve običaje,

you can be together as a family again.

možete se ponovo ujediniti sa svojom porodicom.

And to my parents, me doing something as simple

A po mojim roditeljima, nešto veoma obično

as having a sleeveless top right now, showing my shoulders,

kao što je moje nošenje haljine bez rukava, otkrivanje ramena,

that makes me unworthy.

to me čini nedostojnom.

I won't be with my family in the eternities.

Neću biti sa svojom porodicom u večnosti.

But even more, I had a brother die in a tragic accident at 15,

Šta više, moj brat je poginuo sa 15 godina u tragičnoj nesreći,

and something as simple as this means we won't be together as a family.

i nešto tako obično kao što je ovo znači da nećemo biti zajedno kao porodica.

And to my parents, they cannot understand

I moji roditelji ne mogu da shvate

why something as simple as fashion or women's rights

zašto bi me nešto tako obično kao što su moda ili ženska prava,

would prevent me from seeing my brother again.

sprečilo da ponovo vidim svog brata.

And that's the mindset that we're dealing with,

I to je način razmišljanja sa kojim imamo posla,

and criticism does not change that.

a kritika to ne može promeniti.

And so my parents and I have been walking this tightrope,

I tako moji roditelji i ja hodamo po toj tankoj liniji,

explaining our sides, respecting one another,

objašnjavajući svoje stavove, uvažavajući jedni druge,

but actually invalidating each other's very basic beliefs

a zapravo uzajamno potiremo svoja najosnovnija uverenja

by the way we live our lives, and it's been difficult.

načinom na koji živimo svoje živote, a to ne ide lako.

The way that we've been able to do that

Ovo nam uspeva tako

is to get past those defensive shells

što rušimo svoje odbrambene zidove

and really see the soft inside of unbelief and belief

i istinski sagledavamo osetljivi sadržaj neverovanja i verovanja

and try to respect each other while still holding boundaries clear.

i pokušavamo da uvažimo jedni druge, istovremeno postavljajući jasne granice.

The other thing that the secular left and the atheists and the orthodox

Druga stvar koju sekularna levica i ateisti i pravoverni

and the religious right, what they all don't understand

i religijska desnica, oni zaista ne shvataju

was why even care about religious activism?

zašto je uopšte bitan verski aktivizam?

I cannot tell you the hundreds of people who have said,

Stotine ljudi mi je reklo:

"If you don't like religion, just leave."

"Ako ti se ne dopada relgija, jednostavno izađi."

Why would you try to change it?

"Zašto bi pokušavala da je promeniš?"

Because what is taught on the Sabbath

Zato što se ono čemu nas uče na veronauci

leaks into our politics, our health policy,

preliva u našu politiku, zdravstvenu politiku,

violence around the world.

nasilje širom sveta.

It leaks into education, military, fiscal decision-making.

Preliva se u obrazovanje, vojsku, odlučivanje o budžetu.

These laws get legally and culturally codified.

Ovi zakoni postaju deo pravnog i kulturnog sistema.

In fact, my own religion has had an enormous effect on this nation.

U stvari, moja sopstvena vera je imala ogroman uticaj na ovu naciju.

For example, during Prop 8, my church raised over 22 million dollars

Na primer, za vreme Predloga 8 moja crkva je sakupila preko 22 miliona dolara

to fight same-sex marriage in California.

za borbu protiv istopolnih brakova u Kaliforniji.

Forty years ago, political historians will say,

Pre četrdeset godina, istoričari politike će potvrditi,

that if it wasn't for the Mormon opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment,

da nije bilo mormonskog protivljenja Amandmanu o jednakim pravima,

we'd have an Equal Rights Amendment in our Constitution today.

u današnjem Ustavu bismo imali Amandman o jednakim pravima.

How many lives did that affect?

Na koliko je to života uticalo?

And we can spend time fighting every single one

Možemo trošiti vreme na borbu protiv svakog pojediančnog

of these little tiny laws and rules,

ovakvog zakona i pravila,

or we can ask ourselves,

ili se možemo zapitati

why is gender inequality the default around the world?

zašto je neravnopravnost polova standard širom sveta?

Why is that the assumption?

Odakle ova pretpostavka?

Because religion doesn't just create the roots of morality,

Zato što religija ne oblikuje samo temelje moralnosti

it creates the seeds of normality.

već oblikuje i naše shvatanje normalnosti.

Religions can liberate or subjugate,

Religije mogu osloboditi ili potčiniti,

they can empower or exploit, they can comfort or destroy,

mogu osnažiti ili iskoristiti, mogu utešiti ili uništiti,

and the people that tip the scales over to the ethical and the moral

ali ljudi koji pomeraju tas na vagi u korist etičnog i moralnog,

are often not those in charge.

često nisu na odgovornim položajima.

Religions can't be dismissed or ignored.

Ne možemo odbaciti ili ignorisati religije.

We need to take them seriously.

Moramo ih ozbiljno shvatiti.

But it's not easy to influence a religion, like we just talked about.

Ali nije jednostavno uticati na religiju, kako smo upravo rekli.

But I'll tell you what my people have done.

Ali reći ću vam šta su moji ljudi uradili.

My groups are small, there's hundreds of us,

Moje grupe su male, ima nas na stotine

but we've had huge impact.

ali smo imale ogroman uticaj.

Right now, women's pictures are hanging in the halls next to men

Upravo sada, slike žena stoje u salama pored slika muškaraca

for the first time.

po prvi put.

Women are now allowed to pray in our church-wide meetings,

Ženama je sada dopušteno da se mole na crkvenim saborima.

and they never were before in the general conferences.

a nikada ranije to nisu mogle na generalnim konferencijama.

As of last week, in a historic move,

Prošle nedelje povučen je istorijski potez,

three women were invited down to three leadership boards

tri žene su pozvane u tri izvršna odbora

that oversee the entire church.

koji nadgledaju čitavu crkvu.

We've seen perceptual shifts in the Mormon community

Primetne su i promene u shvatanju u mormonskoj zajednici

that allow for talk of gender inequality.

koje dopuštaju razgovor o rodnoj nejednakosti.

We've opened up space, regardless of being despised,

Otvorile smo prostor, bez obzira što smo prezrene,

for more conservative women to step in and make real changes,

konzervativnijim ženama da pristupe i načine stvarne promene,

and the words "women" and "the priesthood" can now be uttered in the same sentence.

a reči "žene" i "sveštenstvo" se sad mogu izgovoriti u istoj rečenici.

I never had that.

Ja to nikada nisam imala.

My daughter and my nieces are inheriting a religion that I never had,

Moja ćerka i moje nećake naslediće veru koju ja nikada nisam imala,

that's more equal -- we've had an effect.

koja je ravnopravnija - ostvarile smo uticaj.

It wasn't easy standing in those lines

Nije nam bilo lako stajati u onim redovima

trying to get into those male meetings.

i pokušavati da uđemo na one sastanke muškaraca.

There were hundreds of us,

Bilo nas je na stotine,

and one by one, when we got to the door,

i jedna po jedna, kad bismo došle do vrata,

we were told, "I'm sorry, this meeting is just for men,"

rekli bi nam: "Žao mi je, ovaj sastanak je samo za muškarce",

and we had to step back and watch men get into the meeting

i morale bismo da se povučemo i posmatramo muškarce kako ulaze na sastanak

as young as 12 years old,

čak i dvanaestogodišnjake

escorted and walked past us as we all stood in line.

koje su uz pratnju provodili pored nas dok smo stajale u redu.

But not one woman in that line will forget that day,

Ali ni jedna žena u tom redu neće zaboraviti taj dan,

and not one little boy that walked past us will forget that day.

i ni jedan dečak koje je prošao pored nas neće zaboraviti taj dan.

If we were a multinational corporation or a government, and that had happened,

Da smo multinacionalna korporacija ili vlada, i da se to desilo,

there would be outrage,

javnost bi bila šokirana,

but we're just a religion.

ali mi smo samo religija.

We're all just part of religions.

Svi smo mi samo deo različitih religija.

We can't keep looking at religion that way,

Ne možemo i dalje posmatrati religiju na taj način

because it doesn't only affect me, it affects my daughter

jer ona ne utiče samo na mene, utiče i na moju ćerku

and all of your daughters and what opportunities they have,

i na sve vaše ćerke, i na prilike koje im se pružaju,

what they can wear, who they can love and marry,

šta da obuku, koga da vole za koga da se udaju,

if they have access to reproductive healthcare.

da li im je dostupna zaštita reproduktivnog zdravlja.

We need to reclaim morality in a secular context

Treba da uspostavimo moral u sekularnom kontekstu

that creates ethical scrutiny and accountability

koji će uspostaviti etični nadzor i odgovornost

for religions all around the world,

svih religija širom sveta,

but we need to do it in a respectful way

ali to treba da uradimo na učtiv način

that breeds cooperation and not extremism.

koji podstiče saradnju, a ne ekstremizam.

And we can do it through unignorable acts of bravery,

Možemo to uraditi kroz činove hrabrosti koje nije moguće ignorisati,

standing up for gender equality.

ustajući u odbranu rodne ravnopravnosti.

It's time that half of the world's population

Vreme je da polovina svetske populacije

had voice and equality within our world's religions,

dobije svoj glas i jednakost unutar naših svetskih religija,

churches, synagogues, mosques and shrines around the world.

crkvi, sinagoga, džamija i svetilišta širom sveta.

I'm working on my people. What are you doing for yours?

Ja radim na mojim ljudima. Šta vi radite za svoje?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)