Paul Pholeros: How to reduce poverty? Fix homes

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Jelena Vukovic Lektor: Mile Živković

The idea of eliminating poverty is a great goal.

Ideja o iskorenjivanju siromaštva je sjajan cilj.

Mislim da bi se svi u ovoj prostoriji složili.

I don't think anyone in this room would disagree.

What worries me is when politicians with money

Ono što me brine je, kada bogati političari

and charismatic rock stars --

i harizmatične rok zvezde

(Laughter)

koriste te reči,

use the words,

" ... it all just sounds so, so simple."

sve to zvuči tako jednostavno.

Ja nemam gomilu novca danas

Now, I've got no bucket of money today

and I've got no policy to release,

i nemam politiku koju bih da plasiram,

and I certainly haven't got a guitar.

i nipošto nemam gitaru.

I'll leave that to others.

To ću prepustiti drugima.

But I do have an idea,

Ali, ja imam ideju,

and that idea is called Housing for Health.

i ta ideja se zove "stanovanje za zdravlje".

Housing for Health works with poor people.

"Stanovanje za zdravlje" se bavi siromašnim ljudima.

It works in the places where they live,

Deluje na mestima gde oni žive,

and the work is done to improve their health.

sa ciljem da se poboljša njihovo zdravlje.

Over the last 28 years,

Tokom prethodnih 28 godina,

this tough, grinding, dirty work

ovaj težak, mukotrpan, prljav posao

has been done by literally thousands of people around Australia

radilo je bukvalno hiljade ljudi

širom Australije, a od skora i u inostranstvu,

and, more recently, overseas,

and their work has proven

i njihov rad je pokazao da optimalan dizajn

that focused design can improve even the poorest living environments.

može da poboljša čak i najsiromašnija životna okruženja.

It can improve health

Može da poboljša zdravlje i može da utiče

and it can play a part in reducing, if not eliminating, poverty.

na smanjenje, pa i na iskorenjivanje siromaštva.

I'm going to start where the story began --

Počeću tamo gde priča kreće, 1985. godine,

1985, in Central Australia.

u centralnoj Australiji.

Čovek po imenu Jami Lester, domorodac,

A man called Yami Lester, an Aboriginal man,

was running a health service.

vodio je zdravstvenu službu.

Eighty percent of what walked in the door, in terms of illness,

80% onoga čime su se bavili,

u smislu bolesti, bile su infektivne bolesti -

was infectious disease --

third world, developing world infectious disease,

infektivne bolesti trećeg sveta, zemalja u razvoju,

caused by a poor living environment.

izazvane lošim životnim okruženjem.

Jami je okupio tim u Alis Springsu.

Yami assembled a team in Alice Springs.

He got a medical doctor.

Imao je lekara.

He got an environmental health guy.

Imao je stručnjaka za zaštitu životne sredine.

And he hand-selected a team of local Aboriginal people

I odabrao je tim lokalnih domorodaca, Aboridžina,

to work on this project.

za rad na ovom projektu.

Yami told us at that first meeting,

Jami nam je na tom prvom sastanku rekao da nema novca.

"There's no money," -- always a good start --

To je uvek dobar početak, bez novca.

" ... no money, you have six months,

Rekao je da imamo šest meseci.

and I want you to start on a project --" which, in his language,

I da pokreće projekat koji je na svom jeziku

nazvao "uwankara palyanku kanyintjaku",

he called "Uwankara Palyanku Kanyintjaku,"

which, translated, is "a plan to stop people getting sick" --

što u prevodu znači "plan za zaustavljanje oboljevanja ljudi",

a profound brief.

kratko i jasno.

That was our task.

To je bio naš zadatak.

First step, the medical doctor went away for about six months.

Prvi korak: lekar je otišao

na oko šest meseci,

And he worked on what were to become these nine health goals --

i radio je na onome što je postalo

devet zdravstvenih ciljeva kojima stremimo.

what were we aiming at?

After six months of work, he came to my office

Posle šestomesečnog rada došao je u moju kancelariju

and presented me with those nine words on a piece of paper.

i predstavio mi tih devet reči na parčetu papira.

[9 principa zdravog života: kupanje, odeća, otpadne vode,

[The 9 Healthy Living Practices: Washing, clothes, wastewater, nutrition, crowding,

ishrana, prenaseljenost, životinje + prašina, temperatura, povrede]

animals, dust, temperature, injury]

I uopšte nisam bio impresioniran.

I was very unimpressed. Big ideas need big words,

Velikim idejama su potrebne velike reči

and preferably a lot of them.

i po mogućstvu, mnogo njih.

This didn't fit the bill.

Ovo se nije uklapalo.

What I didn't see and what you can't see

Ono što ja nisam video, i što vi ne vidite,

was that he'd assembled thousands of pages

jeste da je sakupio hiljade stranica

of local, national and international health research

lokalnih, nacionalnih i internacionalnih zdravstvenih istraživanja,

that filled out the picture as to why these were the health targets.

koje su dale jasnu sliku zašto su ovo

zdravstveni ciljevi.

The pictures that came a bit later had a very simple reason.

Slike koje su nastale kasnije

su imale veoma jednostavnu osnovu.

The Aboriginal people who were our bosses and the senior people

Domoroci koji su nam bili šefovi

i stariji ljudi, bili su uglavnom nepismeni,

were most commonly illiterate,

so the story had to be told in pictures

pa je priča morala biti u slikama

of what these goals were.

koje su predstavile ove ciljeve.

We worked with the community,

Radimo sa zajednicom,

not telling them what was going to happen

ne govorimo šta će se dogoditi

in a language they didn't understand.

na jeziku koji oni ne razumeju.

So we had the goals and each one of these goals --

Imali smo ciljeve, i svaki od ovih ciljeva -

and I won't go through them all --

a neću ih sve preći -

puts at the center the person and their health issue,

u centar stavlja pojedinca i njegove zdravstvene probleme,

and it then connects them

a onda ih povezuje

to the bits of the physical environment that are actually needed

sa elementima fizičke sredine

koji su stvarno potrebni za održavanje dobrog zdravlja.

to keep their health good.

And the highest priority, you see on the screen,

I najveći prioritet, vidite na ekranu,

is washing people once a day, particularly children.

je kupanje jednom dnevno, posebno dece.

And I hope most of you are thinking,

Nadam se da sad većina vas misli:

"What? That sounds simple."

"Molim? To zvuči jednostavno".

Now, I'm going to ask you all a very personal question.

Postaviću vam jedno veoma lično pitanje.

This morning before you came,

Jutros, pre nego što ste došli,

who could have had a wash using a shower?

ko je mogao da se okupa pod tušem?

Ne pitam da li ste se tuširali, jer sam previše kulturan.

I'm not going to ask if you had a shower, because I'm too polite.

To je to. (Smeh)

That's it.

(Laughter)

Okej. U redu.

All right, I think it's fair to say

Milsim da je u redu reći da je većina ljudi ovde

most people here could have had a shower this morning.

jutros mogla da se istušira.

I'm going to ask you to do some more work.

Pitaću vas da još nešto uradite.

I want you all to select one of the houses

Želim da svi odaberete jednu od kuća,

of the 25 houses you see on the screen.

jednu od 25 kuća koje vidite na ekranu.

I want you to select one of them and note the position of that house

Želim da odaberete jednu i vidite

poziciju te kuće

and keep that in your head.

i zapamtite je.

Jeste li svi odabrali kuću? Zamoliću vas

Have you all got a house?

I'm going to ask you to live there for a few months,

da živite tamo nekoliko meseci, pa budite sigurni da je to ta.

so make sure you've got it right.

It's in the northwest of Western Australia, very pleasant place.

To je severozapad Zapadne Australije, veoma prijatno mesto.

OK. Let's see if your shower in that house is working.

Okej. Hajde da vidimo da li tuš u toj kući radi.

I hear some "Aw!" and I hear some "Ah!"

Čujem i "uh" i "aah"

If you get a green tick, your shower's working.

Ako je štrikliran zeleno, vaš tuš radi.

You and your kids are fine.

Vi i vaša deca ste dobro.

If you get a red cross,

Ako je precrtano crvenim,

well, I've looked carefully around the room

a pogledao sam pažljivo po prostoriji,

and it's not going to make much difference to this crew.

na ovu grupu to neće mnogo uticati.

Why? Because you're all too old.

Zašto? Zato što ste svi previše stari.

I znam da će neki od vas da se zapanje,

I know that's going to come as a shock to some of you, but you are.

ali, jeste.

And before you get offended and leave,

A pre nego što se uvredite i odete,

I've got to say that being too old,

moram reći da u ovom slučaju, biti star

in this case, means that pretty much everyone in the room, I think,

znači da su gotovo svi u ovoj prostoriji, čini mi se,

is over five years of age.

stariji od pet godina.

We're really concerned with kids naught to five.

Mi se stvarno brinemo za decu mlađu od pet godina.

And why?

A zašto? Kupanje čini odbranu od raznih vrsta parazita,

Washing is the antidote to the sort of bugs,

the common infectious diseases of the eyes, the ears,

čestih infektivnih bolesti očiju, ušiju,

pluća i kože,

the chest and the skin

that, if they occur in the first five years of life,

koje, ako se jave u prvih pet godina života,

permanently damage those organs.

trajno oštećuju ove organe.

They leave a lifelong remnant.

Ostavljaju tragove do kraja života.

To znači da do svoje pete godine

That means that by the age of five,

you can't see as well for the rest of your life.

izgubite vid do kraja života.

You can't hear as well for the rest of your life.

Ne možete da čujete kako treba do kraja života.

You can't breathe as well.

Ne možete ni da dišete dobro. Izgubili ste trećinu

You've lost a third of your lung capacity by the age of five.

kapaciteta pluća do pete godine.

And even skin infection,

I čak i infekcija kože, koja se ranije nije smatrala

which we originally thought wasn't that big a problem,

velikim problemom,

mild skin infections naught to five give you

blaga infekcija kože do pete godine

a greatly increased chance of renal failure,

znatno povećava šanse za bubrežnu insuficijenciju,

needing dialysis at age 40.

zahtevajući dijalizu do 40. godine života.

This is a big deal, so the ticks and crosses on the screen

Ovo je veliki problem, tako da su zelene i crvene oznake na ekranu

are actually critical for young kids.

zapravo veoma bitne za malu decu.

Those ticks and crosses represent the 7,800 houses

Te oznake predstavljaju 7.800 kuća

we've looked at nationally around Australia,

koje smo obišli širom Australije,

the same proportion.

ovo je proporcija.

What you see on the screen --

Ono što vidite na ekranu - 35% ovih

35 percent of those not-so-famous houses

ne tako znamenitih kuća, u kojima živi 50.000 domorodaca,

lived in by 50,000 indigenous people --

35 percent had a working shower.

35% ih ima ispravan tuš.

10% domova od tih 7.800 kuća

Ten percent of those same 7,800 houses had safe electrical systems.

ima bezbedne električne instalacije,

a 58% tih kuća

And 58 percent of those houses had a working toilet.

ima funkcionalan toalet.

These are by a simple, standard test.

Ovo je zaključeno na osnovu jednostavnog, standardnog testa:

In the case of the shower:

u slučaju tuša, da li ima toplu i hladnu vodu,

does it have hot and cold water, two taps that work,

dve slavine koje rade,

a shower rose to get water onto your head or onto your body,

bateriju za tuš da možete oprati kosu

ili telo, i odvod za vodu?

and a drain that takes the water away?

Ne mora biti dobrog dizajna, lep ili elegantan,

Not well-designed, not beautiful, not elegant --

samo da je u funkciji.

just that they function.

And the same tests for the electrical system

I isti test za električne instalacije i toalet.

and the toilets.

Housing for Health projects aren't about measuring failure --

Projekti "Stanovanje za zdravlje" se ne bave samo pronalaženjem nedostataka.

they're actually about improving houses.

Oni se zapravo bave poboljšavanjem kuća.

We start on day one of every project.

Prvi dan svakog projekta započinjemo - naučili smo

We've learned -- we don't make promises, we don't do reports.

da ne obećavamo i ne pravimo izveštaje.

We arrive in the morning with tools, tons of equipment, trades,

Dolazimo ujutru sa alatima, gomilom opreme,

zanatlijama, i prvi dan obučavamo lokalni tim

and we train up a local team on the first day to start work.

da započne posao.

By the evening of the first day,

Do uveče, prvog dana, nekoliko kuća

a few houses in that community are better than when we started in the morning.

u toj zajednici su bolje

nego što su bile ujutru.

That work continues for six to 12 months,

Taj posao se nastavlja šest do dvanaest meseci,

until all the houses are improved

dok se sve kuće ne poboljšaju

and we've spent our budget of 7,500 dollars total per house.

i dok ne potrošimo naš budžet od 7.500

dolara po kući.

That's our average budget.

To je naš prosečan budžet.

At the end of six months to a year, we test every house again.

Posle šest meseci do godinu dana, ponovo testiramo svaku kuću.

It's very easy to spend money.

Lako je potrošiti novac.

It's very difficult to improve

Veoma je teško poboljšati funkcionalnost

the function of all those parts of the house.

svih tih delova kuće,

And for a whole house, the nine healthy living practices,

a za celu kuću, devet uslova zdravog života,

we test, check and fix 250 items in every house.

testiramo, proveravamo i popravljamo 250 delova u svakoj kući.

And these are the results we can get with our 7,500 dollars.

I ovo su rezultati

koje možemo da dobijemo sa naših 7.500 dolara.

We can get showers up to 86 percent working,

Možemo da dobijemo do 86% ispravnih tuševa,

we can get electrical systems up to 77 percent working

možemo da dobijemo do 77% ispravnih električnih sistema,

and we can get 90 percent of toilets working

i možemo da dobijemo do 90% ispravnih toaleta,

in those 7,500 houses.

u tih 7.500 kuća.

Hvala. (Aplauz)

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Applause)

Timovi rade sjajan posao i to je njihov rad.

The teams do a great job, and that's their work.

I think there's an obvious question

Mislim da postoji jedno očigledno pitanje

that I hope you're thinking about.

za koje se nadam da imate na umu.

Why do we have to do this work?

Zašto moramo da radimo sve ovo?

Why are the houses in such poor condition?

Zašto su kuće u tako lošem stanju?

Seventy percent of the work we do is due to lack of routine maintenance --

70% problema koje rešavamo

nastaje zbog neodržavanja,

the sort of things that happen in all our houses.

to su problemi koji se javljaju u svim našim kućama.

Things wear out, should have been done by state government or local government,

Stvari postanu dotrajale.

Trebalo je da ih srede državne ili lokalne vlasti.

simply not done, the house doesn't work.

Ako se ne srede, kuća ne funkcioniše.

Twenty-one percent of the things we fix are due to faulty construction --

21% stvari koje popravljamo

su posledica loše konstrukcije,

literally things that are built upside down and back to front.

bukvalno postavljene naopačke i u pogrešnom smeru.

They don't work, we have to fix them.

Ne rade. Moramo da ih popravimo.

I ako ste živeli u Australiji u prethodnih 30 godina,

And if you've lived in Australia in the last 30 years, the final cause --

poslednji uzrok - čućete uvek

you will have heard always that indigenous people trash houses.

da domoroci uništavaju kuće.

It's one of the almost rock-solid pieces of evidence

To je jedan od gotovo najjačih argumenata,

which I've never seen evidence for,

za koje ja nikad nisam video dokaz,

that's always reeled out as "That's the problem with indigenous housing."

koji se stalno ističe kao problem sa domorodačkim domaćinstvima.

No, samo 9% sredstava se troši na oštećenja,

Well, nine percent of what we spend is damage,

misuse or abuse of any sort.

stvari koje su loše upotrebljavane ili zloupotrebljavane.

Mi insistiramo na tome da ljudi koji žive u kući

We argue strongly that the people living in the house

are simply not the problem.

uopšte nisu problem.

And we'll go a lot further than that;

I idemo i dalje od ove tvrdnje.

Ljudi koji žive u kući su zapravo

the people living in the house are actually a major part of the solution.

značajan deo rešenja.

Seventy-five percent of our national team in Australia --

75% nacionalnog tima u Australiji,

over 75 at the minute --

trenutno preko 75%,

are actually local, indigenous people from the communities we work in.

su ustvari domoroci, stanovnici

iz zajednica u kojima radimo.

They do all aspects of the work.

Oni obavljaju sve delove posla.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

In 2010, for example, there were 831,

2010, na primer, bilo ih je 831,

all over Australia, and the Torres Strait Islands,

širom Australije i Tores Strejt ostrva,

all states, working to improve the houses where they and their families live,

u svim državama, koji su radili na poboljšanju kuća

u kojima su živeli sa svojim porodicama,

and that's an important thing.

i to je veoma važna stvar.

Our work's always had a focus on health.

Naš rad se oduvek fokusirao na zdravlje. To je ključ.

That's the key.

The developing world bug, trachoma, causes blindness.

Infektivna bolest zemalja u razvoju, trahom, izaziva slepilo.

It's a developing-world illness,

To je bolest zemalja u razvoju,

and yet, the picture you see behind

a ipak, slika koju iza vidite

is in an Aboriginal community in the late 1990s,

deo je domorodačke zajednice kasnih '90-ih,

where 95 percent of school-aged kids had active trachoma

gde je kod 95% dece školskog uzrasta aktivan trahom

u očima izazivao oštećenje.

in their eyes, doing damage.

Okej, šta da radimo?

OK, what do we do?

Well, first thing we do, we get showers working.

Prvo osposobljavamo tuševe.

Why? Because that flushes the bug out.

Zašto? Zato što to spira parazite.

We put washing facilities in the school as well,

Objekte za pranje takođe postavljamo u škole,

so kids can wash their faces many times during the day.

tako da deca mogu da se umivaju više puta dnevno.

We wash the bug out.

Ispiramo infekciju.

Second, the eye doctors tell us that dust scours the eye

Drugo, očni lekari kažu da prašina oštećuje oko

and lets the bug in quick.

i brzo unosi parazite.

So what do we do?

Šta onda radimo?

Pozovemo doktora za prašinu, a ta osoba stvarno postoji.

We call up the doctor of dust, and there is such a person.

He was loaned to us by a mining company.

Jedna rudarska kompanija nam ga je pozajmila.

He controls dust on mining company sites.

On kontroliše prašinu na teritorijama rudarske kompanije,

And he came out and, within a day,

došao je i za jedan dan je našao

it worked out that most dust in this community

da većina prašine u ovoj zajednici bude

was within a meter of the ground, the wind-driven dust --

na oko metar od zemlje, to je prašina koju nanosi vetar,

so he suggested making mounds to catch the dust

pa je predložio da se naprave nasipi, da zadrže prašinu

before it went into the house area and affected the eyes of kids.

pre nego što stigne do kuće

i pogodi oči dece.

So we used dirt to stop dust.

Iskoristili smo nasipe zemlje da zaustavimo prašinu.

We did it. He provided us dust monitors.

Jesmo. Dao nam je uređaje za kontrolu prašine,

We tested and we reduced the dust.

testirali smo, uspeli smo da smanjimo prašinu.

Onda smo želeli da se generalno otarasimo parazita.

Then we wanted to get rid of the bug generally.

So how do we do that?

I kako smo to uradili?

Well, we call up the doctor of flies -- and, yes, there is a doctor of flies.

Pa, pozvali smo doktora za muve,

i da, postoji doktor za muve.

As our Aboriginal mate said,

Kako je naš prijatelj domorodac rekao:

"You white fellows ought to get out more."

"Vi, beli ljudi, morate više da izlazite."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And the doctor of flies very quickly determined

I doktor za muve je vrlo brzo utvrdio

that there was one fly that carried the bug.

da postoji samo jedna muva koja prenosi infekciju.

He could give school kids in this community

Dao je školarcima u ovoj zajednici

the beautiful fly trap you see above in the slide.

predivne hvataljke za muve koje vidite iznad na ekranu.

They could trap the flies, send them to him in Perth.

Mogli su da hvataju muve i šalju ih njemu u Pert.

When the bug was in the gut,

Kada su paraziti iskorenjeni, poslao im je

he'd send back by return post some dung beetles.

nazad poštom balegare.

Balegari su jeli izmet kamila,

The dung beetles ate the camel dung,

a muve su umirale zbog nedostatka hrane,

the flies died through lack of food,

and trachoma dropped.

i trahom se smanjio.

And over the year, trachoma dropped radically in this place, and stayed low.

I tokom godina, trahom se smanjio

drastično na ovom mestu i ostao nizak.

We changed the environment, not just treated the eyes.

Promenili smo sredinu, nismo samo lečili oči.

I na kraju, dobiju se zdrave oči.

And finally, you get a good eye.

All these small health gains

Svi ovi mali uspesi u boljem zdravlju,

and small pieces of the puzzle make a big difference.

i mali delovi slagalice prave veliku razliku.

The New South Wales Department of Health,

Ministarstvo zdravlja Novog Južnog Velsa,

that radical organization,

ta radikalna organizacija,

did an independent trial over three years

je tokom tri godine radila nezavisna istraživanja,

to look at 10 years of the work we've been doing

da sagleda naš desetogodišnji rad

in these sorts of projects in New South Wales.

na ovim projektima u Novom Južnom Velsu.

And they found a 40 percent reduction in hospital admissions

Pronašli su smanjenje od 40%

u prijemu bolesnih u bolnice,

for the illnesses that you could attribute to the poor environment --

koje se moglo pripisati lošem okruženju.

a 40 percent reduction.

Smanjenje od 40%.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Just to show that the principles we've used in Australia

Da bih vam pokazao da se principi koje smo koristili

u Australiji, mogu primeniti i na drugim mestima,

can be used in other places,

I'm just going to go to one other place, and that's Nepal.

vodim vas na jedno drugo mesto, a to je Nepal,

And what a beautiful place to go.

prelepo mesto za posetiti.

We were asked by a small village of 600 people

Malo selo od 600 ljudi nas je zamolilo

to go in and make toilets where none existed.

da dođemo i napravimo toalete tamo gde ih nije bilo.

Health was poor.

Zdravlje je bilo na lošem nivou.

We went in with no grand plan,

Otišli smo tamo bez velikog plana, bez velikih obećanja

no grand promises of a great program,

značajnog programa, samo sa ponudom da napravimo

just the offer to build two toilets for two families.

dva toaleta za dve porodice.

Tokom dizajniranja prvog toaleta

It was during the design of the first toilet

that I went for lunch,

otišao sam na ručak, porodica me je pozvala

invited by the family into their main room of the house.

u svoju glavnu sobu u kući.

It was choking with smoke.

Bila je ispunjena dimom.

People were cooking on their only fuel source, green timber.

Ljudi su kuvali na jedini izvor ogreva, sveže drvo.

The smoke coming off that timber is choking,

Dim koji to drvo pravi je zagušujuć,

and in an enclosed house, you simply can't breathe.

i u zatvorenoj kući, prosto ne možete da dišete.

Kasnije smo saznali da su u ovom regionu glavni uzrok

Later we found the leading cause of illness and death

in this particular region is through respiratory failure.

oboljenja i smrti bila oboljenja disajnih organa.

So all of a sudden, we had two problems.

Tako smo odjednom imali dva problema.

We were there originally to look at toilets

Došli smo tamo da bismo videli toalete

and get human waste off the ground, that's fine.

i uklonimo ljudske otpatke sa zemljišta. To je u redu.

But all of a sudden now there was a second problem:

Ali, niotkuda se pojavio i drugi problem.

Kako zapravo obuzdati dim?

How do we actually get the smoke down?

So two problems, and design should be about more than one thing.

Dakle, to su dva problema,

a dizajn bi trebalo da nam reši više od jedne stvari.

Solution: Take human waste, take animal waste,

Rešenje: uzeti ljudski otpad, uzeti životinjski otpad

put it into a chamber, out of that, extract biogas,

napuniti komoru i od izduvnih gasova,

methane gas.

nastaje metan.

The gas gives three to four hours cooking a day --

Ovaj gas pruža energiju za do četiri sata kuvanja dnevno -

čisto, bez dima i besplatno za celu familiju.

clean, smokeless and free for the family.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I put it to you: is this eliminating poverty?

Pitam vas, da li je ovo iskorenjivanje siromaštva?

And the answer from the Nepali team who's working at the minute would say,

A odgovor tima koji radi u Nepalu

trenutno bi rekao da ne budemo smešni,

don't be ridiculous --

we have three million more toilets to build

jer treba da izgrade još tri miliona toaleta

before we can even make a stab at that claim.

pre nego što bi se uopšte išta moglo pričati o tome.

And I don't pretend anything else.

Ni ja ne mislim drugačije.

But as we all sit here today,

Ali, upravo sada dok ovde sedimo,

there are now over 100 toilets built

preko 100 toaleta se gradi

in this village and a couple nearby.

u tom i nekoliko obližnjih sela.

Više od 1.000 ljudi ih koriste.

Well over 1,000 people use those toilets.

Yami Lama, he's a young boy.

Jami Lama, on je dečak.

He's got significantly less gut infection because he's now got toilets,

Ima mnogo blažu stomačnu infekciju

od kada ima toalet,

i na zemlji više nema ljudskog izmeta.

and there isn't human waste on the ground.

Kadži Maja je majka, i ponosna je.

Kanji Maya, she's a mother, and a proud one.

She's probably right now cooking lunch for her family

Verovatno sada kuva ručak za svoju porodicu

on biogas, smokeless fuel.

uz pomoć biogasa, goriva bez dima.

Her lungs have got better,

Njena pluća su zdravija i biće još bolja

and they'll get better as time increases,

vremenom, jer neće kuvati udišući dim.

because she's not cooking in the same smoke.

Surya takes the waste out of the biogas chamber

Surija iznosi otpad iz komore za biogas

when it's shed the gas, he puts it on his crops.

kada se gas iskoristi i njime posipa njive.

He's trebled his crop income,

Utrostručio je svoj prinos,

ima više hrane za svoju porodicu i više novca.

more food for the family and more money for the family.

And finally Bishnu, the leader of the team,

I na kraju Bišnu,

vođa tima, sada razume

has now understood that not only have we built toilets,

da ne samo da smo izgradili toalete,

we've also built a team,

već smo napravili i tim,

and that team is now working in two villages

i to tim koji sada radi u dva sela

where they're training up the next two villages

gde obučavaju naredna dva sela

to keep the work expanding.

kako bi širili posao.

And that, to me, is the key.

A ovo je, po mom mišljenju, ključno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

People are not the problem.

Ljudi nisu problem.

We've never found that.

Nikada to nismo iskusili.

Problem je loše životno okruženje,

The problem: poor living environment,

loše kuće i paraziti koji štete ljudima.

poor housing and the bugs that do people harm.

Ništa od ovog nije geografski ograničeno,

None of those are limited by geography, by skin color or by religion.

ili određeno bojom kože ili religijom. Ništa.

None of them.

Najčešća veza naših dosadašnjih poslova

The common link between all the work we've had to do

is one thing, and that's poverty.

je jedna stvar, a to je siromaštvo.

Nelson Mandela said, in the mid-2000s, not too far from here,

Nelson Mendela je rekao, sredinom 2000-ih,

ne tako daleko odavde, rekao je da

he said that like slavery and apartheid, "Poverty is not natural.

kao i ropstvo i aparthejd: "Siromaštvo nije prirodno.

It is man-made and can be overcome and eradicated

Stvorio ga je čovek i može se prevazići i iskoreniti

by the actions of human beings."

delovanjem čovečanstva."

I want to end by saying

Želeo bih da završim rečima da su dela

it's been the actions of thousands of ordinary human beings

hiljada običnih ljudskih bića

koja rade, po mom mišljenju, izvanredan posao,

doing -- I think -- extraordinary work,

that have actually improved health,

zapravo poboljšala zdravlje,

i, možda samo u maloj meri, smanjila siromaštvo.

and, maybe only in a small way, reduced poverty.

Thank you very much for your time.

Hvala vam mnogo na vremenu koje ste izdvojili.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)