Paul Pholeros: How to reduce poverty? Fix homes

80,799 views ใƒป 2013-06-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Kwon Yewon
00:13
The idea of eliminating poverty is a great goal.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
I don't think anyone in this room would disagree.
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00:22
What worries me is when politicians with money
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๋ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •์น˜์ธ๊ณผ ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฝ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€
00:27
and charismatic rock stars --
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00:29
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
use the words,
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00:32
" ... it all just sounds so, so simple."
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๊ทธ์ € ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Now, I've got no bucket of money today
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
and I've got no policy to release,
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๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ •์ฑ…๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
00:45
and I certainly haven't got a guitar.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
I'll leave that to others.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
But I do have an idea,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
and that idea is called Housing for Health.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ"์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Housing for Health works with poor people.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
00:58
It works in the places where they live,
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01:01
and the work is done to improve their health.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Over the last 28 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 28๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
01:07
this tough, grinding, dirty work
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์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ดด๋กญ๊ณ , ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์„
01:10
has been done by literally thousands of people around Australia
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์™€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ
๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:15
and, more recently, overseas,
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01:17
and their work has proven
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ™”๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€
01:19
that focused design can improve even the poorest living environments.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์—†์• ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ด๋„
01:25
It can improve health
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01:26
and it can play a part in reducing, if not eliminating, poverty.
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์ค„์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
I'm going to start where the story began --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ค‘์•™ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ 1985๋…„
01:35
1985, in Central Australia.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์•ผ๋ฏธ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:39
A man called Yami Lester, an Aboriginal man,
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01:41
was running a health service.
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๋ณด๊ฑด์‹œ์„ค์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Eighty percent of what walked in the door, in terms of illness,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ 80%๊ฐ€
๊ฐ์—ผ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
was infectious disease --
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์ œ3์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:50
third world, developing world infectious disease,
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01:53
caused by a poor living environment.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ผ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šค์— ํŒ€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Yami assembled a team in Alice Springs.
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02:02
He got a medical doctor.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:05
He got an environmental health guy.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And he hand-selected a team of local Aboriginal people
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ• 
์ง€์—ญ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
to work on this project.
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02:15
Yami told us at that first meeting,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
"There's no money," -- always a good start --
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์‹œ์ž‘์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
" ... no money, you have six months,
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6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
and I want you to start on a project --" which, in his language,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ, "uwankara palyanku kanyintjaku,"
02:27
he called "Uwankara Palyanku Kanyintjaku,"
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๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด "์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
02:30
which, translated, is "a plan to stop people getting sick" --
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
a profound brief.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜์˜€๊ณ ,
02:39
That was our task.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
First step, the medical doctor went away for about six months.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 6๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ
ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
02:46
And he worked on what were to become these nine health goals --
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9๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
what were we aiming at?
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6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์—, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์™€์„œ
02:55
After six months of work, he came to my office
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02:57
and presented me with those nine words on a piece of paper.
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9๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ธ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[๋ชฉ์š•, ์˜๋ณต, ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„, ์˜์–‘...]
03:02
[The 9 Healthy Living Practices: Washing, clothes, wastewater, nutrition, crowding,
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์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
animals, dust, temperature, injury]
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
03:07
I was very unimpressed. Big ideas need big words,
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์›๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ์ฃ .
03:11
and preferably a lot of them.
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๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ์ข‹๊ตฌ์š”.
03:13
This didn't fit the bill.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
What I didn't see and what you can't see
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์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:19
was that he'd assembled thousands of pages
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
03:24
of local, national and international health research
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์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
์ง€์—ญ์ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ , ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ณด๊ฑด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„
03:27
that filled out the picture as to why these were the health targets.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The pictures that came a bit later had a very simple reason.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์€
๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
The Aboriginal people who were our bosses and the senior people
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์ €ํฌ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
were most commonly illiterate,
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03:42
so the story had to be told in pictures
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:44
of what these goals were.
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
We worked with the community,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ
03:48
not telling them what was going to happen
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:50
in a language they didn't understand.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So we had the goals and each one of these goals --
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์€--
03:56
and I won't go through them all --
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
03:58
puts at the center the person and their health issue,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋†“๊ณ 
04:02
and it then connects them
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
04:04
to the bits of the physical environment that are actually needed
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
to keep their health good.
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04:11
And the highest priority, you see on the screen,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š”
04:13
is washing people once a day, particularly children.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์”ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„์š”.
04:18
And I hope most of you are thinking,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋ญ๋ผ๊ตฌ? ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‰ฝ๋„ค."
04:20
"What? That sounds simple."
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04:21
Now, I'm going to ask you all a very personal question.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
This morning before you came,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์•„์นจ์—
04:26
who could have had a wash using a shower?
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์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์”ป์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:32
I'm not going to ask if you had a shower, because I'm too polite.
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์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:35
That's it.
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04:36
(Laughter)
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04:37
All right, I think it's fair to say
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๋„ค ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์—
04:39
most people here could have had a shower this morning.
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์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
I'm going to ask you to do some more work.
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
I want you all to select one of the houses
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” 25๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ
04:47
of the 25 houses you see on the screen.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:49
I want you to select one of them and note the position of that house
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์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ์„œ
๊ทธ ์ง‘ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
04:52
and keep that in your head.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋†“์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ฅด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
04:54
Have you all got a house?
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04:55
I'm going to ask you to live there for a few months,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋„๋ก ํ• ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณจ๋ž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:58
so make sure you've got it right.
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์„œํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ถ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
It's in the northwest of Western Australia, very pleasant place.
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05:02
OK. Let's see if your shower in that house is working.
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๊ทธ ์ง‘์˜ ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
I hear some "Aw!" and I hear some "Ah!"
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"์œผ" ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ "์™€์•„"๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
05:10
If you get a green tick, your shower's working.
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ฒดํฌ๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
You and your kids are fine.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ž๋…€๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:14
If you get a red cross,
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๋ถ‰์€ ์‹ญ์žํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š”,
05:16
well, I've looked carefully around the room
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์Œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
05:19
and it's not going to make much difference to this crew.
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์ด ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Why? Because you're all too old.
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์™œ์š”? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
I know that's going to come as a shock to some of you, but you are.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And before you get offended and leave,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜์…”์„œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋œจ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
05:30
I've got to say that being too old,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:31
in this case, means that pretty much everyone in the room, I think,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
05:35
is over five years of age.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
We're really concerned with kids naught to five.
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0์‚ด์—์„œ 5์‚ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And why?
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์”ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ํ•ด๋…์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Washing is the antidote to the sort of bugs,
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05:48
the common infectious diseases of the eyes, the ears,
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๋ˆˆ, ๊ท€, ๊ฐ€์Šด๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
the chest and the skin
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05:54
that, if they occur in the first five years of life,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:57
permanently damage those organs.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
They leave a lifelong remnant.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰์ƒ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
That means that by the age of five,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์ •๋„์—
06:07
you can't see as well for the rest of your life.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‰์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
06:09
You can't hear as well for the rest of your life.
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๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‰์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
You can't breathe as well.
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ํ˜ธํก์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ๋ฌด๋ ต์—
06:13
You've lost a third of your lung capacity by the age of five.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And even skin infection,
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๋ณ„ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
06:18
which we originally thought wasn't that big a problem,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋„
0์—์„œ 5์‚ด ๋ฌด๋ ต์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ์—ผ์€
06:22
mild skin infections naught to five give you
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06:24
a greatly increased chance of renal failure,
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40์‚ด์— ํˆฌ์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ
์‹ ๋ถ€์ „์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
needing dialysis at age 40.
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06:30
This is a big deal, so the ticks and crosses on the screen
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์ฒดํฌ์™€ ์‹ญ์žํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š”
06:33
are actually critical for young kids.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Those ticks and crosses represent the 7,800 houses
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์ฒดํฌ์™€ ์‹ญ์žํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ
06:39
we've looked at nationally around Australia,
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7,800๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
the same proportion.
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06:43
What you see on the screen --
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€
06:44
35 percent of those not-so-famous houses
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์˜ค ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ 35%๊ฐ€
06:48
lived in by 50,000 indigenous people --
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06:50
35 percent had a working shower.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
7,800 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ค‘ 10%์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋งŒ
06:54
Ten percent of those same 7,800 houses had safe electrical systems.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ๊ณ ,
๊ทธ ์ค‘ 58%์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋งŒ์ด
07:00
And 58 percent of those houses had a working toilet.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
These are by a simple, standard test.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์กฐ์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:10
In the case of the shower:
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์ƒค์›Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ƒ‰์˜จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:12
does it have hot and cold water, two taps that work,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
07:17
a shower rose to get water onto your head or onto your body,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชธ์„ ์ ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„์˜ ๋ฌผ์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:22
and a drain that takes the water away?
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:24
Not well-designed, not beautiful, not elegant --
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๊ทธ์ € ์ž‘๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
just that they function.
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07:29
And the same tests for the electrical system
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์ „๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and the toilets.
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07:33
Housing for Health projects aren't about measuring failure --
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:36
they're actually about improving houses.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
We start on day one of every project.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
We've learned -- we don't make promises, we don't do reports.
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์„œ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
We arrive in the morning with tools, tons of equipment, trades,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•„์นจ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ
์ฒซ ๋‚ ์— ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ํŒ€์„
07:52
and we train up a local team on the first day to start work.
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
By the evening of the first day,
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์ฒซ๋‚ ์˜ ์ €๋…์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜
07:57
a few houses in that community are better than when we started in the morning.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ง‘์€ ์˜ค์ „๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
๋”์šฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
That work continues for six to 12 months,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผํƒ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
08:04
until all the houses are improved
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6๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 12๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
and we've spent our budget of 7,500 dollars total per house.
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ํ•œ ์ฑ„์˜ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹น 7,500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
That's our average budget.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
At the end of six months to a year, we test every house again.
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚˜ 1๋…„ ํ›„, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
It's very easy to spend money.
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋˜ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
It's very difficult to improve
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์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:21
the function of all those parts of the house.
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์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And for a whole house, the nine healthy living practices,
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์ฃผํƒ์ „์ฒด์˜ 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
08:26
we test, check and fix 250 items in every house.
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250๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
And these are the results we can get with our 7,500 dollars.
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7,500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
We can get showers up to 86 percent working,
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86%์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
08:37
we can get electrical systems up to 77 percent working
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77%์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:41
and we can get 90 percent of toilets working
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90%์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
in those 7,500 houses.
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7,500๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:47
(Applause)
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08:48
Thank you.
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08:49
(Applause)
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
The teams do a great job, and that's their work.
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09:00
I think there's an obvious question
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š”
09:02
that I hope you're thinking about.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Why do we have to do this work?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:08
Why are the houses in such poor condition?
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์ฃผํƒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:11
Seventy percent of the work we do is due to lack of routine maintenance --
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ 70%์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€
์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
the sort of things that happen in all our houses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ก์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:17
Things wear out, should have been done by state government or local government,
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์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
simply not done, the house doesn't work.
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์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฃผํƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Twenty-one percent of the things we fix are due to faulty construction --
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ 21%๋Š”
๋ถ€์‹ค๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
literally things that are built upside down and back to front.
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋’ค์ฃฝ๋ฐ•์ฃฝ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:31
They don't work, we have to fix them.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:34
And if you've lived in Australia in the last 30 years, the final cause --
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š” -- ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
09:39
you will have heard always that indigenous people trash houses.
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์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
It's one of the almost rock-solid pieces of evidence
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
09:46
which I've never seen evidence for,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
that's always reeled out as "That's the problem with indigenous housing."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
9%์˜ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ์†์ƒ, ์˜ค์šฉ
09:52
Well, nine percent of what we spend is damage,
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09:54
misuse or abuse of any sort.
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๋‚จ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์— ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:58
We argue strongly that the people living in the house
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10:01
are simply not the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
And we'll go a lot further than that;
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
10:05
the people living in the house are actually a major part of the solution.
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๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Seventy-five percent of our national team in Australia --
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์ €ํฌ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๊ตญ๋‚ดํŒ€์˜ 75%๋Š”
10:13
over 75 at the minute --
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ํ˜„์žฌ 75% ์ด์ƒ์€
10:15
are actually local, indigenous people from the communities we work in.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
They do all aspects of the work.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:27
In 2010, for example, there were 831,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 2010๋…„์—๋Š” 831๋ช…์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด
10:31
all over Australia, and the Torres Strait Islands,
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ „์—ญ๊ณผ ํ† ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๊ตฐ๋„์—์„œ
10:34
all states, working to improve the houses where they and their families live,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š”
์ฃผํƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
and that's an important thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:41
Our work's always had a focus on health.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
That's the key.
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10:46
The developing world bug, trachoma, causes blindness.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ช…์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
It's a developing-world illness,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
10:52
and yet, the picture you see behind
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
10:54
is in an Aboriginal community in the late 1990s,
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1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
where 95 percent of school-aged kids had active trachoma
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ทจํ•™์•„๋™ 95%๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”
์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
in their eyes, doing damage.
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:05
OK, what do we do?
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11:06
Well, first thing we do, we get showers working.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”์ƒค์›Œ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์†๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
Why? Because that flushes the bug out.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์ƒค์›Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์”ป์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
We put washing facilities in the school as well,
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ํ•™๊ต์—๋„ ์„ธ๋ฉด์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์„œ
11:13
so kids can wash their faces many times during the day.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์ฃผ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์”ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
We wash the bug out.
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์„ธ๊ท ๋ฅผ ์”ป์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:18
Second, the eye doctors tell us that dust scours the eye
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
11:22
and lets the bug in quick.
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์„ธ๊ท ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:23
So what do we do?
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๋จผ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
We call up the doctor of dust, and there is such a person.
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11:28
He was loaned to us by a mining company.
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๊ด‘์‚ฐํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
He controls dust on mining company sites.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ถ„์ง„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋งŒ์— ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ธธ
11:33
And he came out and, within a day,
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11:35
it worked out that most dust in this community
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ง„์€
11:37
was within a meter of the ground, the wind-driven dust --
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์ง€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ฐ€๋ ค ์˜จ ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ,
11:40
so he suggested making mounds to catch the dust
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์ง‘์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ
11:43
before it went into the house area and affected the eyes of kids.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋‘”๋•์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
So we used dirt to stop dust.
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๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
We did it. He provided us dust monitors.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ง„๊ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
We tested and we reduced the dust.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์ง„์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Then we wanted to get rid of the bug generally.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:58
So how do we do that?
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11:59
Well, we call up the doctor of flies -- and, yes, there is a doctor of flies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์„ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋„ค์š”.
12:04
As our Aboriginal mate said,
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์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
12:06
"You white fellows ought to get out more."
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"๋‹น์‹ ๋„ค ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์™€ ์ค˜์•ผ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค. "
12:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:10
And the doctor of flies very quickly determined
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:13
that there was one fly that carried the bug.
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
He could give school kids in this community
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:20
the beautiful fly trap you see above in the slide.
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์œ„์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ซ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
They could trap the flies, send them to him in Perth.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํผ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
12:26
When the bug was in the gut,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์€
12:28
he'd send back by return post some dung beetles.
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์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚™ํƒ€๋˜ฅ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
The dung beetles ate the camel dung,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
the flies died through lack of food,
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12:35
and trachoma dropped.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:36
And over the year, trachoma dropped radically in this place, and stayed low.
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์ผ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
We changed the environment, not just treated the eyes.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
And finally, you get a good eye.
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12:50
All these small health gains
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ
12:52
and small pieces of the puzzle make a big difference.
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์ž‘์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
The New South Wales Department of Health,
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๊ธ‰์ง„์  ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ
12:57
that radical organization,
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๋‰ด ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋‹น๊ตญ์€
12:59
did an independent trial over three years
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3๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
to look at 10 years of the work we've been doing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ์—์„œ
13:05
in these sorts of projects in New South Wales.
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10๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
13:07
And they found a 40 percent reduction in hospital admissions
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ
์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด
13:13
for the illnesses that you could attribute to the poor environment --
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40%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
a 40 percent reduction.
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40% ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:27
Just to show that the principles we've used in Australia
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์›์น™์„
๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:30
can be used in other places,
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13:31
I'm just going to go to one other place, and that's Nepal.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
And what a beautiful place to go.
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์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
We were asked by a small village of 600 people
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์—†์ด 600๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
13:39
to go in and make toilets where none existed.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด ์ค„๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Health was poor.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
We went in with no grand plan,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๋„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋„ ์—†์ด,
13:47
no grand promises of a great program,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:49
just the offer to build two toilets for two families.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
13:53
It was during the design of the first toilet
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13:56
that I went for lunch,
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„
13:57
invited by the family into their main room of the house.
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์ง‘์˜ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
It was choking with smoke.
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์—ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์งˆ์‹ํ•  ๋ป” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
People were cooking on their only fuel source, green timber.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋งŒ์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:06
The smoke coming off that timber is choking,
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๋•”๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ ๋ง‰ํž ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
and in an enclosed house, you simply can't breathe.
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๊ฝ‰ ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์ง‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์€
14:12
Later we found the leading cause of illness and death
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14:15
in this particular region is through respiratory failure.
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
So all of a sudden, we had two problems.
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๋œปํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
We were there originally to look at toilets
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
14:23
and get human waste off the ground, that's fine.
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์ธ๋ถ„์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
But all of a sudden now there was a second problem:
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:29
How do we actually get the smoke down?
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14:30
So two problems, and design should be about more than one thing.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Solution: Take human waste, take animal waste,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์•„
14:38
put it into a chamber, out of that, extract biogas,
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ , ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
methane gas.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€์Šค์ฃ .
14:43
The gas gives three to four hours cooking a day --
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์„ธ ๋„ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
์ฒญ์ • ๋ฌด์—ฐ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
clean, smokeless and free for the family.
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14:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:55
I put it to you: is this eliminating poverty?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:58
And the answer from the Nepali team who's working at the minute would say,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋„คํŒ”์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
don't be ridiculous --
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"ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฐฝํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
15:04
we have three million more toilets to build
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15:06
before we can even make a stab at that claim.
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300๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๋” ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ." ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
15:09
And I don't pretend anything else.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
But as we all sit here today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ณณ์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
15:14
there are now over 100 toilets built
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์ด ๋งˆ์„์— 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ
15:16
in this village and a couple nearby.
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์ธ๊ทผ์— ๋‘์–ด๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
Well over 1,000 people use those toilets.
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15:22
Yami Lama, he's a young boy.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋…„์ธ ์•ผ๋ฏธ ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š”
15:25
He's got significantly less gut infection because he's now got toilets,
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ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋ฐฐํƒˆ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
๋•…์— ์ธ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
and there isn't human waste on the ground.
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์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ธ ์นธ์ง€ ๋งˆ์•ผ๋Š”
15:34
Kanji Maya, she's a mother, and a proud one.
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15:37
She's probably right now cooking lunch for her family
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ
15:41
on biogas, smokeless fuel.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
Her lungs have got better,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ๋Š” ์ ์  ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
and they'll get better as time increases,
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์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:47
because she's not cooking in the same smoke.
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15:49
Surya takes the waste out of the biogas chamber
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
15:52
when it's shed the gas, he puts it on his crops.
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
He's trebled his crop income,
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ ์†Œ๋“์ด 3๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
15:58
more food for the family and more money for the family.
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16:01
And finally Bishnu, the leader of the team,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์‰ฌ๋ˆ„๋Š”
ํŒ€์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
has now understood that not only have we built toilets,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:08
we've also built a team,
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ํŒ€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
16:11
and that team is now working in two villages
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๊ทธ ํŒ€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋งˆ์„ ํŒ€์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
16:13
where they're training up the next two villages
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์ด ์ผ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ•™์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
16:16
to keep the work expanding.
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๋‘ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
And that, to me, is the key.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:24
People are not the problem.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
We've never found that.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
16:30
The problem: poor living environment,
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์ฃผํƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์ด์ง€์š”.
16:32
poor housing and the bugs that do people harm.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์น˜, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰,
16:37
None of those are limited by geography, by skin color or by religion.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์— ์ œํ•œ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
16:42
None of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๊ณตํ†ต๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
16:45
The common link between all the work we've had to do
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16:47
is one thing, and that's poverty.
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Nelson Mandela said, in the mid-2000s, not too far from here,
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2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
he said that like slavery and apartheid, "Poverty is not natural.
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"๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ๋„๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ์ž์—ฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
It is man-made and can be overcome and eradicated
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๋นˆ๊ณค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทน๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฝ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
by the actions of human beings."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
17:08
I want to end by saying
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์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋๋งบ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
it's been the actions of thousands of ordinary human beings
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:16
doing -- I think -- extraordinary work,
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17:19
that have actually improved health,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
and, maybe only in a small way, reduced poverty.
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17:25
Thank you very much for your time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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